A avaliação da capacidade produtora de micotoxinas vem sendo utilizada como uma importante ferramenta na identificação de espécies conhecidamente toxigênicas. Poucos são os métodos rápidos e alternativos disponíveis para a determinação do potencial toxigênico de espécies do gênero Aspergillus. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade produtora de aflatoxina B1, em diferentes condições de cultivo, por três isolados de Aspergillus flavus, produtores de aflatoxina B1. O delineamento experimental baseou-se em um planejamento 2³ completo, tendo como variáveis independentes a temperatura (20-40°C), o tempo de incubação (7-21 dias) e o pH (2,0-6,0) nos meio sintéticos (YES, CYA e Sabouraud). As melhores condições encontradas foram aplicadas em testes com meio natural (arroz) e isolados a principio não-aflatoxigênicos. Aflatoxina B1 foi extraída diretamente dos meios sintéticos com clorofórmio e do arroz com metanol. A identificação e quantificação do composto foi realizada por Cromatografia em Camada Delgada e Fotometria Fotográfica. O meio YES se mostrou o melhor para detecção do potencial toxigênico, seguidos de melhor pH 4,0 e 5,2, e temperatura de 20º e 25ºC e tempo de incubação de 11 e 14 dias. O isolado A43, em temperatura de 25º, pH 5,2 e tempo de incubação de 11 dias, mostrou a maior produção de aflatoxina B1, com 206,05 ng. No arroz, os isolados revelaram produção de aflatoxina, apenas a partir do 14ºdia. Dos 30 isolados a princípio não-aflatoxigênicos testados inicialmente em agar coco, 12 apresentaram resultado positivo nos meios e condições aqui apresentados. / Mycotoxins producing capacity evaluation has being used as an important tool, in the identification of toxigenic species. A few of them are available as alternative rapid methods for the determination of the toxigenic potential of species Aspergillus. The objective of this work was to evaluate the aflatoxin B1 producing capacity in different conditions of culture by three Aspergillus flavus. The experimental delineation was based on a 2³ factorial design. To test the effect of three independent variables, the temperature (20-40°C), the incubation time (7-21 days) and pH (2,0 -6,0) in the synthetic medium (YES, CYA and Sabouraud) were applied in the program STATISCA 7.0. The best joined conditions had been applied in tests with natural medium (rice) and isolated tested as nonaflatoxigenics. Aflatoxin B1 was extracted directly from sintetic mediuns by chloroform and from rice by methanol. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Photometric Photography were the methods utilized for the identification and quantification of aflatoxin B1. YES was the best medium for the detention of toxigenic potential, at pH 4,0 and 5,2, temperature of 20º and 25ºC and incubation time of 11 and 14 days. The isolated A43, at temperature of 25ºC, pH 5,2 and incubation time of 11 days showed the biggest aflatoxin B1 production (206,05 ng). Aflatoxin production in rice occurred only after 14 days. 12 of the 30 non aflatoxigenic isolates showed aflatoxin production in the media and conditions tested.

A avaliação da capacidade produtora de micotoxinas vem sendo utilizada como uma importante ferramenta na identificação de espécies conhecidamente toxigênicas. Poucos são os métodos rápidos e alternativos disponíveis para a determinação do potencial toxigênico de espécies do gênero Aspergillus. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade produtora de aflatoxina B1, em diferentes condições de cultivo, por três isolados de Aspergillus flavus, produtores de aflatoxina B1. O delineamento experimental baseou-se em um planejamento 2³ completo, tendo como variáveis independentes a temperatura (20-40°C), o tempo de incubação (7-21 dias) e o pH (2,0-6,0) nos meio sintéticos (YES, CYA e Sabouraud). As melhores condições encontradas foram aplicadas em testes com meio natural (arroz) e isolados a principio não-aflatoxigênicos. Aflatoxina B1 foi extraída diretamente dos meios sintéticos com clorofórmio e do arroz com metanol. A identificação e quantificação do composto foi realizada por Cromatografia em Camada Delgada e Fotometria Fotográfica. O meio YES se mostrou o melhor para detecção do potencial toxigênico, seguidos de melhor pH 4,0 e 5,2, e temperatura de 20º e 25ºC e tempo de incubação de 11 e 14 dias. O isolado A43, em temperatura de 25º, pH 5,2 e tempo de incubação de 11 dias, mostrou a maior produção de aflatoxina B1, com 206,05 ng. No arroz, os isolados revelaram produção de aflatoxina, apenas a partir do 14ºdia. Dos 30 isolados a princípio não-aflatoxigênicos testados inicialmente em agar coco, 12 apresentaram resultado positivo nos meios e condições aqui apresentados. / Mycotoxins producing capacity evaluation has being used as an important tool, in the identification of toxigenic species. A few of them are available as alternative rapid methods for the determination of the toxigenic potential of species Aspergillus. The objective of this work was to evaluate the aflatoxin B1 producing capacity in different conditions of culture by three Aspergillus flavus. The experimental delineation was based on a 2³ factorial design. To test the effect of three independent variables, the temperature (20-40°C), the incubation time (7-21 days) and pH (2,0 -6,0) in the synthetic medium (YES, CYA and Sabouraud) were applied in the program STATISCA 7.0. The best joined conditions had been applied in tests with natural medium (rice) and isolated tested as nonaflatoxigenics. Aflatoxin B1 was extracted directly from sintetic mediuns by chloroform and from rice by methanol. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and Photometric Photography were the methods utilized for the identification and quantification of aflatoxin B1. YES was the best medium for the detention of toxigenic potential, at pH 4,0 and 5,2, temperature of 20º and 25ºC and incubation time of 11 and 14 days. The isolated A43, at temperature of 25ºC, pH 5,2 and incubation time of 11 days showed the biggest aflatoxin B1 production (206,05 ng). Aflatoxin production in rice occurred only after 14 days. 12 of the 30 non aflatoxigenic isolates showed aflatoxin production in the media and conditions tested.

Aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin are mycotoxins, which produce their immunotoxic effects by affecting nonspecific and acquired immunity in different species. The mechanisms of their immunotoxicity are still obscure. Cytokines are the key signaling molecules during the immune response. In this study, expression of macrophage-produced cytokines Interleukin-lα (IL-lα), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-6, and lymphocyte-produced cytokines IL-2, interferon y (IFNy), and IL-3 was measured at the mRNA and protein levels, after in vitro activation with mitogens in AFB1-and T-2-toxin-exposed mice. Significant changes in the organ weights, especially in the mice exposed to a high dose of T-2 toxin, and no effect in AFB1-exposed mice were observed. ConA-induced production of IL-2, IFNy, and IL-3 mRNA and protein levels in AFB1-exposed mice showed a decrease in low dose groups (significant for IL-2 mRNA), but no change at other doses. However, in T-2-toxin-treated animals, there was a significant induction of IL-2 and IFNy mRNA in high and low doses and of IL-3 mRNA at the medium dose. The protein levels of IL-2 and IFNy did not follow the mRNA levels in high dose and the protein levels of IL-3 were significantly increased in medium and low doses. LPS-induced IL-lα and TNF mRNA and protein levels in AFB1-exposed mice were suppressed at the high dose while mRNA levels of both cytokines were increased significantly in the low and medium doses. Low and medium doses of AFB1 also significantly decreased IL-lα protein levels and the high dose decreased IL-6 protein. In T-2 toxin-treated mice, no significant difference in mRNA levels of these cytokines was observed but a general pattern of significant suppression of their protein levels (except IL-lα at medium dose) showed that both toxins regulate the cytokine expression differently. Based on the above discussed results and others, AFB1 may alter cell-mediated immunity by affecting the communication between macrophages and T lymphocytes through inhibiting the macrophage-producing cytokines. T-2 toxin-induced immunosuppression may be due not only to the inhibition of macrophage-producing cytokines, but also to the lack of effector cells to respond to the cytokines (IL-2, IFNy, and IL-3).

The pathogenesis of hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic actions of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) involves initial bioactivation by microsomal cytochrome P450s (P450) to a reactive and electrophilic intermediate, exo-aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide (exo-AFBO). Poultry, especially turkeys, are extremely sensitive to AFB1, a condition associated with efficient epoxidation by P450s. The purpose of this research was to 1) discover and characterize the P450s in turkey liver responsible for AFB1 bioactivation, and 2) determine the relative importance of these P450s in turkey liver. Initial investigations led to the discovery of CYP1A5. We then identified CYP3A37, a human CYP3A4 homologue from turkey liver, which along with CYP1A5 plays an important role in the bioactivation of AFB1 to exo-AFBO. The E. coli-expressed CYP3A37 possessed striking similarities to human CYP3A4, in terms of its catalytic activities and the kinetics of AFB1 oxidation. After the discovery of CYP3A37, further research evaluated its relative importance to CYP1A5, with respect to the epoxidation of AFB1, to determine which of the homologues bioactivated relatively low "real world" AFB1 concentrations, reflective of the potential dietary exposure. Using antibodies directed to both the enzymes as tools in immuno-inhibition experiments, we determined that CYP1A5 contributes to about 98% of the exo-AFBO formation at the low AFB1 concentrations (0.1 µM), which led us to conclude that CYP1A5 is likely the dominant homologue involved in the extreme sensitivity of the turkeys to AFB1. CYP3A37 also efficiently epoxidated AFB1, but only at high concentrations of this mycotoxin, not likely to be achievable in turkey liver in vivo. Our research has helped shed light on the relative importance of CYP1A5 and CYP3A37 in the bioactivation of AFB1 to the toxic exo-AFBO, and thus on the mechanisms of the extreme sensitivity of turkeys to AFB1. Given that AFB1 is a ubiquitous component of corn-based poultry feed and contamination is practically unavoidable, we conducted further studies evaluating the chemopreventive action of probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus, on AFB1 toxicity in turkeys. Probiotic bacteria are known to bind AFB1, thus reducing its bioavailability. A mix of probiotic bacteria provided protection against key endpoints of aflatoxicosis, like AFB1-induced reduction in body and liver weights. Our data demonstrate that Lactobacillus was protective against aflatoxicosis in turkeys, thus validating its use as a possible chemopreventive, thereby helping alleviate the significant annual losses to the poultry industry due to feed contamination by AFB1.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a secondary metabolite of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, is known for its potent carcinogenicity and immunosuppressive effects. It is also known that AFB1 toxicity appears in different degrees in different animal species and strains. The present study was performed to reveal the involvement of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) axis in the immunosuppressive effects of AFB1 on C57B/6 mice. Splenic lymphocy1es were assayed to investigate their phenotyping using flow cy1ometry, proliferative response against mitogen and allogenic lymphocy1es, cy1oly1ic cell activity, and IL-2 production. In addition, antibody-mediated immunocompetence was checked using sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-challenged animals by plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) in brain hypothalamus and cerebral cortex, plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Hypothalamic catecholamine and its metabolites were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The adrenalectomized animals and their respective control animals were used to evaluate corticosterone involvement in AFB1 immunosuppressive effects. A relatively higher dose was applied in the present study, compared to the previous studies that used different strains of mice. Immunosuppressive effects were observed in blastogenic response, IL-2 production, and primary antibody production of splenic cells. The amount of circulating anti-SRBC antibody was also affected. Decreases were observed in the helper-T cell and B cell percentage in phenotyping splenic lymphocyte. No significant changes were observed in natural killer cell activity, mixed lymphocyte response, brain biogenic amine concentrations, concentration of CRF in the hypothalamus, and those of ACTH and corticosterone in plasma. However, the expected effect of adrenalectomy to compensate for the immunosuppression of AFB1 was not observed. The results indicate that the HPA axis does not appear to have a major role in AFB1-induced immunotoxicity.

<p>In the presented work, immunosensors for detection of Aflatoxin B1 based on different immobilization platforms were studied. Synthesis of an electroactive hydrogel was also carried out. Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins that have deleterious effects on humans and are produced during fungal infection of plants or plant products. Electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was developed with anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody immobilized on Pt electrodes modified with polyaniline (PANi) and polystyrene sulphonic acid (PSSA). Impedimetric analysis shows that the electron transfer resistances of Pt/PANi-PSSA electrode, Pt/PANi-PSSA/AFB1-Ab immunosensor and Pt/PANi-PSSA/AFB1-Ab incubated in BSA were 0.458, 720 and 1066 k&Omega / , respectively. These results indicate that electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a suitable method for monitoring the change in electron-transfer resistance associated with the immobilization of the antibody. Modelling of EIS data gave equivalent circuits which showed that the electron transfer resistance increased from 0.458 k&Omega / for Pt/PANi-PSSA electrode to 1066 k&Omega / for Pt/PANi-PSSA/AFB1-Ab immunosensor, indicating that immobilization of the antibody and incubation in BSA introduced an electron transfer barrier. The AFB1 immunosensor had a detection limit of 0.1 mg/L and a sensitivity of 869.6 k &Omega / L/mg.</p>

<p>In the presented work, immunosensors for detection of Aflatoxin B1 based on different immobilization platforms were studied. Synthesis of an electroactive hydrogel was also carried out. Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins that have deleterious effects on humans and are produced during fungal infection of plants or plant products. Electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was developed with anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody immobilized on Pt electrodes modified with polyaniline (PANi) and polystyrene sulphonic acid (PSSA). Impedimetric analysis shows that the electron transfer resistances of Pt/PANi-PSSA electrode, Pt/PANi-PSSA/AFB1-Ab immunosensor and Pt/PANi-PSSA/AFB1-Ab incubated in BSA were 0.458, 720 and 1066 k&Omega / , respectively. These results indicate that electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a suitable method for monitoring the change in electron-transfer resistance associated with the immobilization of the antibody. Modelling of EIS data gave equivalent circuits which showed that the electron transfer resistance increased from 0.458 k&Omega / for Pt/PANi-PSSA electrode to 1066 k&Omega / for Pt/PANi-PSSA/AFB1-Ab immunosensor, indicating that immobilization of the antibody and incubation in BSA introduced an electron transfer barrier. The AFB1 immunosensor had a detection limit of 0.1 mg/L and a sensitivity of 869.6 k &Omega / L/mg.</p>

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / In the presented work, immunosensors for detection of Aflatoxin B1 based on different immobilization platforms were studied. Synthesis of an electroactive hydrogel was also carried out. Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins that have deleterious effects on humans and are produced during fungal infection of plants or plant products. Electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was developed with anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody immobilized on Pt electrodes modified with polyaniline (PANi) and polystyrene sulphonic acid (PSSA). Impedimetric analysis shows that the electron transfer resistances of Pt/PANi-PSSA electrode, Pt/PANi-PSSA/AFB1-Ab immunosensor and Pt/PANi-PSSA/AFB1-Ab incubated in BSA were 0.458, 720 and 1066 kΩ, respectively. These results indicate that electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a suitable method for monitoring the change in electron-transfer resistance associated with the immobilization of the antibody. Modelling of EIS data gave equivalent circuits which showed that the electron transfer resistance increased from 0.458 kΩ for Pt/PANi-PSSA electrode to 1066 kΩ for Pt/PANi-PSSA/AFB1-Ab immunosensor, indicating that immobilization of the antibody and incubation in BSA introduced an electron transfer barrier. The AFB1 immunosensor had a detection limit of 0.1 mg/L and a sensitivity of 869.6 kΩL/mg. / South Africa

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / In the presented work, immunosensors for detection of Aflatoxin B1 based on different immobilization platforms were studied. Synthesis of an electroactive hydrogel was also carried out. Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins that have deleterious effects on humans and are produced during fungal infection of plants or plant products. Electrochemical immunosensor for the determination of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was developed with anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody immobilized on Pt electrodes modified with polyaniline (PANi) and polystyrene sulphonic acid (PSSA). Impedimetric analysis shows that the electron transfer resistances of Pt/PANi-PSSA electrode, Pt/PANi-PSSA/AFB1-Ab immunosensor and Pt/PANi- PSSA/AFB1-Ab incubated in BSA were 0.458, 720 and 1066 kΩ, respectively. These results indicate that electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a suitable method for monitoring the change in electron-transfer resistance associated with the immobilization of the antibody. Modelling of EIS data gave equivalent circuits which showed that the electron transfer resistance increased from 0.458 kΩ for Pt/PANi-PSSA electrode to 1066 kΩ for Pt/PANi- PSSA/AFB1-Ab immunosensor, indicating that immobilization of the antibody and incubation in BSA introduced an electron transfer barrier. The AFB1 immunosensor had a detection limit of 0.1 mg/L and a sensitivity of 869.6 k ΩL/mg. In the second platform an immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and polythionine-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the determination of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was developed. Aflatoxin B1-BSA conjugate was immobilised on the modified GCE. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or Bovine serum albumin (BSA) were used to block sites against non-specific binding of the AFB1- conjugate with other compounds such as the salts used in preparing the buffer when the antibody interacts with the AFB1 conjugate and free AFB1. Competition reaction was allowed to take place between the free AFB1 and AFB1-conjugate for the binding sites of the anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was employed to characterize the electrochemical properties of the modified process. The peak separation of the immunosensor (ΔEp) was 62 mV indicating a quasi reversible process. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to monitor the analytical signal. The response decreased with an increase in AFB1 concentration in the range of 0.6-2.4 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.07 and 0.16 ng/mL for HRP and BSA blocked immunosensors respectively. Significantly the low detection limit of 0.07 ng/mL is within the limits set by worl health organization (WHO) for AFB1 and its derivatives which is 2 ng/mL The proposed method eliminates the use of secondary antibody enzymatic labels. Synthesis and characterization of (p-(HEMA)-polyaniline hydrogels were investigated. The hydrogels were synthesized using: 2-Hydroxyeththyl methacrylate (HEMA), N-Tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl] acrylamide, 3- Sulfopropyl methacrylate potassium salt, Tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, Poly-(2- hydroxyethyl methacrylate), 2, 2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone and aniline by UV irradiation. Two sets of the hydrogels were prepared using water / 1, 3, 3, 3-(tetramethyl butyl phenyl polyethylene glycol [Triton X-100] and water / ethylene glycol as the solvent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a more uniform pore size when Triton X 100 (TX-100 HG) was used as compared to ethylene glycol (EG-HG). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that both hydrogels were stable up to 270 oC. Fourier transform-Infra red (FTIR) spectrum confirmed the incorporation of polyaniline (PANi) and HEMA in the composite. Electrochemical properties of the hydrogels evaluated using Cyclic Voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated the electroactivity and conductivity.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar os efeitos da AFB1 e FB1, isoladas e associadas e com ou sem a inclusão de um antioxidante (cúrcuma) em frangos de corte, utilizando-se os seguintes tratamentos (T): T1 (controle): 0 AFB1 + 0 FB1 + 0 Cúrcuma; T2: 0 AFB1 + 0 FB1 + 222 mg/kg Cúrcuma; T3: 0 AFB1 + 20 mg/kg FB1 + 0 Cúrcuma; T4: 0 AFB1 + 20 mg/kg FB1 + 222 mg/kg Cúrcuma; T5: 0,5 mg/kg AFB1 + 0 FB1 + 0 Cúrcuma; T6: 0,5 mg/kg AFB1 + 0 FB1 + 222 mg/kg Cúrcuma; T7: 0,5 mg/kg AFB1 + 20 mg/kg FB1 + 0 Cúrcuma; T8: 0,5 mg/kg AFB1 + 20 mg/kg FB1 + 222 mg/kg Cúrcuma. Os parâmetros avaliados incluíram: conversão alimentar, ganho de peso, consumo alimentar, proteínas séricas, hematologia, enzimas hepáticas, histopatologia de vísceras, resposta vacinal, resíduos de aflatoxinas e fumonisina em vísceras e músculos. Os dados foram analisados como um fatorial 2 x 2 x 2 por análise de variância. Não houve interação significativa para os três fatores analisados no desempenho zootécnico, porém houve diferença significativa nas dietas contendo aflatoxina, quando comparada com as outras dietas, para todas as variáveis analisadas. A AST e LDH foram as únicas variáveis significativas para a interação de todos os fatores (AFB1, FB1 e CMT), porém as outras variáveis, exceto a GGT, apresentaram diferença significativa nas dietas contendo aflatoxina, quando comparada com as outras dietas, para todas as variáveis analisadas. As lesões histopatológicas no fígado, rim e bursa de Fabricius foram aumentando gradualmente do tratamento controle até o tratamento contendo adição de aflatoxina e fumonisina, com ou sem cúrcuma, sendo que o efeito mais severo foi observado nos órgãos desses tratamentos. Não houve diferença significativa com a inclusão da cúrcuma. Não houve nenhuma variável significativa para a interação de todos os fatores avaliados para a biometria dos órgãos, porém fígado, rim e coração apresentaram diferença significativa nas dietas contendo aflatoxina, quando comparada com as outras dietas, para todas as variáveis analisadas. Nenhuma variável foi significativa para a interação de todos os fatores avaliados para o hemograma aos 21 dias, porém aos 42 dias, leucócitos, linfócitos e basófilos apresentaram diferença significativa para a interação de todos os fatores. Não houve diferença estatística para a interação dos três fatores analisados para os títulos de anticorpos para a doença de Newcastle. Os resíduos de FB2 no fígado e AFB2 no músculo peitoral foram as únicas variáveis significativas para a interação de todos os fatores analisados. Os resultados obtidos indicam que não houve efeito da cúrcuma na diminuição dos efeitos deletérios da aflatoxina e fumonisina. / The objective of this research project was to evaluate the effects of AFB1 and FB1, alone or in combination and associated or not with an antioxidant (turmeric) in broiler chickens, using the following treatments (T): T1 (control): 0 AFB1 + 0 FB1 + 0 Turmeric; T2: 0 AFB1 + 0 FB1 + 222 mg/kg Turmeric; T3: 0 AFB1 + 20 mg/kg FB1 + 0 Turmeric; T4: 0 AFB1 + 20 mg/kg FB1 + 222 mg/kg Turmeric; T5: 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 + 0 FB1 + 0 Turmeric; T6: 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 + 0 FB1 + 222 mg/kg Turmeric; T7: 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 + 20 mg/kg FB1 + 0 Turmeric; T8: 0.5 mg/kg AFB1 + 20 mg/kg FB1 + 222 mg/kg Turmeric. The parameters evaluated included: feed conversion, weight gain, food intake, serum proteins, hematology, liver enzymes, histopathology of viscera, vaccine response and residues of aflatoxin and fumonisin in tissues of viscera and muscles. Data were analyzed as a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial by analysis of variance. There was no significant interaction for the three analyzed factors on the performance, but there were significant differences in the diets containing aflatoxin when compared to the other diets, for all variables analyzed. AST and LDH were the only significant variables for the interaction of all factors (AFB1, FB1 e CMT), but other variables, with the exception of GGT, showed significant difference in diets containing aflatoxin when compared to other diets for all the variables analyzed. Histopathological lesions in the liver, kidney and bursa of Fabricius were gradually increased from the control treatment to aflatoxin and fumonisin treatment, with or without turmeric, with the most severe effect being observed in the organs of these treatments. There was no significant variable for the interaction of all factors evaluated for organ biometry, but liver, kidney and heart showed a significant difference in diets containing aflatoxin when compared to other diets for all variables analyzed. No variable was significant for the interaction of all factors evaluated for the blood test at 21 days, but at 42 days leukocytes, lymphocytes and basophils showed significant differences for the interaction of all factors. There was no statistical difference for the interaction of all factors analyzed for antibody titers to Newcastle disease. The residues of FB2 in the liver and AFB2 in the pectoral muscle were significant for the interaction of all the factors. The results showed no effect of turmeric powder in reducing the deleterious effects of aflatoxin and fumonisin.