Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / Bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During the past number of years, the pressure on universities worldwide, including universities in South Africa, has increased to bridge the gap between higher education and society. This includes becoming active partners with its communities. Therefore, the importance of community engagement as one of the three pillars of higher education, alongside teaching and learning, and research, has gained considerable momentum. Higher education institutions in South Africa are also increasingly challenged to elevate the status of their teaching and to raise their levels of community engagement. This also pertains to the area of postgraduate education, which points to the need for a close relationship between teaching, learning and research. The aim of this study was to develop a contextualised and integrated curriculum framework for community-engaged teaching, learning and research in a postgraduate Play Therapy programme. This was done using a contextualised perspective on higher education with reference to current higher education legislation in South Africa as well as curriculum development in general. A literature review of community engagement provided a perspective on the current state of community engagement - nationally, as well as internationally. The study used a qualitative single case study design and an interpretive paradigm to generate empirical data. The first phase of the empirical part of the study focused on determining the current state of community engagement within the postgraduate Play Therapy programme. Data was generated using questionnaires completed by current students and lecturers. In the second phase of the empirical study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with lecturers from 13 national as well as international higher education institutions to review curriculum frameworks and content from other higher education community engagement models. The last empirical phase included two focus groups, one with current students and one with current lecturers in the postgraduate Play Therapy programme under investigation. From the findings of the study, a curriculum framework emerged which outlines community engagement within the postgraduate programme. The emerging framework points to the need for a stronger integration of teaching and learning with community engagement (service component) through service learning. In the South African context and within the programme that was investigated, service learning provides for engaged learning which includes experiential learning and opportunities for students to engage in interactive and experiential processes. The study has also pointed out that research within the postgraduate programme should reflect, in a much stronger way, links to community-based research. Such links may benefit a scholarship of engagement. Also, the research component of the programme needs to be linked more closely to teaching and learning in order to better inform the curriculum in terms of trends, needs and priorities. These activities need to take place within community partnerships with a reciprocal benefit to both the programme and the communities involved. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Universiteite wêreldwyd, asook in Suid-Afrika, het gedurende die afgelope paar jaar druk ervaar om die gaping tussen hoër onderwys en die gemeenskap te verminder. Dit sluit in om aktiewe vennote van gemeenskappe te word. Die belangrikheid van gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid as een van die drie pilare van hoër onderwys, saam met leer, onderrig en navorsing, het dus aansienlik toegeneem. Hoëronderwysinstansies in Suid-Afrika word ook uitgedaag om die stand van hul leer en onderrig te verhoog en die vlakke van hul gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid te versterk. Dit geld ook vir nagraadse opleiding, wat neerkom op 'n hegter verband tussen leer, onderrig en navorsing. Die doel van hierdie navorsing was om 'n gekontekstualiseerde en geïntegreerde kurrikulumraamwerk vir gemeenskapsgerigte leer, onderrig en navorsing binne 'n nagraadse program in Spelterapie te ontwikkel. Dit is gedoen deur 'n kontekstuele oorsig van hoër onderwys te gee met verwysing na die huidige hoëronderwys-wetgewing in Suid-Afrika asook 'n oorsig oor kurrikulumontwikkeling. 'n Literatuuroorsig van gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid het perspektief op die huidige stand van gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid landwyd én wêreldwyd verskaf. Hierdie studie berus op 'n kwalitatiewe enkelgevallestudie-ontwerp en benut 'n interpretatiewe paradigma om die empiriese data te genereer. Die eerste fase van die empiriese gedeelte van die studie was gerig op die bepaling van die huidige stand van gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid in die meestersprogram in Spelterapie. Data is gegenereer deur die gebruik van vraelyste wat deur huidige studente en dosente ingevul is. In die tweede fase van die empiriese studie is semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met dosente van 13 nasionale asook internasionele hoëronderwysinstansies gevoer om die kurrikulumraamwerke en inhoud van ander hoër instansies se gemeenskaps-betrokkenheidsmodelle te verken. Die laaste empiriese fase sluit twee fokusgroepe in - een met huidige studente en een met huidige dosente in die meestersprogram in Spelterapie, wat die onderwerp van hierdie studie uitmaak. 'n Kurrikulumraamwerk het vanuit die bevindinge van die studie ontstaan wat 'n uiteensetting van gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid in die meestersprogram in Spelterapie verskaf. Die opkomende raamwerk dui op die behoefte aan sterker integrasie van leer en onderrig met gemeenskapsbetrokkenheid (dienskomponent) deur middel van diensleer. In die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks en in die program wat ondersoek is, bied diensleer die geleentheid vir betrokke leer wat die volgende insluit: ervaringsleer en geleenthede vir studente om betrokke te raak by interaktiewe ervaringsprosesse. Die studie het ook uitgewys dat navorsing in die meestersprogram op 'n baie sterker wyse die verband met gemeenskapsgerigte navorsing moet reflekteer. Hierdie konneksies kan ook die vakkundigheid van betrokkenheid versterk. Daarby moet die navorsingskomponent van die program nader aan leer en onderrig beweeg sodat die kurrikulum altyd die jongste tendense, behoeftes en prioriteite weerspieël. Hierdie aktiwiteite moet in gemeenskapsvennootskappe plaasvind om voordele vir die program sowel as die betrokke gemeenskappe te bied.

This thesis surveys and discusses the documentary and archaeological evidence for sixth-century fortifications in Byzantine Africa. Chapter I examines the sources of evidence, noting that over 80 years have passed since the last major study of the subject was undertaken, by Charles Diehl in 1896. Chapter II traces the military history of Byzantine Africa from 533 to 602, with introductory and concluding sections on the fifth and seventh centuries. Chapter III discusses the evidence for the military organization and defensive strategy of Byzantine Africa in the sixth century, looking in particular at the structure of military command, the composition of the Byzantine army, the garrison structure (including the evidence for the nature and size of local garrisons stationed in forts and towns), the administrative machanisms by which fortifications were built and the strategy to be discerned in their siting. The chapter ends with a general appraisal of the benefits that Roman Africa received from Justinian's reconquest. Chapter IV examines the architecture of Byzantine fortifications in Africa, comparing it with earlier and contemporary practice in the eastern and western empires. The tactical aspects of fortifications are also considered, in particular the question of how far their design was influenced by the use made of artillery and archery in the sixth-century Byzantine army. In a short final chapter, an assessment is made of the value that the study of sixth-century Byzantine fortifications in Africa has for understanding later developments in the military architecture of eastern and western Christendom and of Islam. The Gazetteer includes full descriptions (with plans and photographs) of all the Byzantine fortifications identified in Africa, and shorter notes on other structures of more doubtful Byzantine identification; an index to fortifications in Africa referred to by Procopius; and a corpus of sixth- and seventh century military inscriptions from Africa.

M.Ed. / The importance of Career Counselling in secondary schools cannot be over-emphasized. In order to achieve the stated objective, our schools will require well trained and well qualified Career Counsellors who will execute this monumental task with great insight, distinction and knowledge. Differentiated education takes into account the fact that people are not the same and therefore their uniqueness will be considered and catered for by exposing them to career counselling. Learners need to be guided in order to make informed choices. This responsibility of guiding and informing learners should be shouldered by educators who are considered to be well-informed and more knowledgeable about the world of work and different courses. There are socio-economic and political changes that are taking place within the borders of our country and globally. Our learners must be multi-skilled or be exposed in order to brace themselves for this eventuality. The traditional way of doing things is rapidly giving way to modern operational techniques. Career Counselling is important in this instance in order to narrow the gap between tradition and the ever-changing world of occupation. For the Career Counselling to be meaningful and helpful to secondary school learners, educators are expected to assist them with the selection o fa major field, self-analysis, methods of career field analysis, establishment of short range career goals, analysis of employment environments, development of long-range career goals and support the learners in the job search campaign (Charles, 1976: 61). In the South African context a distinction is made between Career Counselling outside and within formal education. It seems that Career Counselling, particularly within formal education, experiences many problems, one of which is the inadequate training of Career Counselling educators and the insufficient provision for training such educators...

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Resource Conservation Biology). Johannesburg, 2015 / The vegetation of the Kgaswane Mountain Reserve, in North West Province, South Africa, was mapped according to seven vegetation structure types, based on tree density and height, and grass height. Free-living ticks were collected by drag-sampling the vegetation from each structure type in November 2014, prior to the onset of the summer rains, and February 2015, once most of the seasonal rains had fallen. Eland (Taurotragus oryx) location information was recorded from four GPS collared cows over the two sample periods. Tick abundance was consistently lower in shorter, open, more exposed vegetation structure types, and higher in more sheltered types. Position higher up in the landscape nullified the positive impacts of trees on beneath-canopy microclimate in tall open woodlands, as indicated by comparatively lower tick numbers than in more sheltered woodland types. Tick abundance is influenced by vegetation structure and the availability of hosts. The majority of ticks trapped during both periods were larvae, with nymphs mostly present in November and adults mostly present later in the season, indicating the seasonal nature of tick cohort recruitment. Eland calving behaviour centred on areas with low adult tick abundance. Eland did not respond to total tick abundance during either sampling period. They did select areas with low adult tick abundance, and avoided areas with high adult tick abundance. This corresponded with an improvement in upland forage quality, which allowed them to avoid foraging in areas with high adult tick abundance. It is plausible that the potential for infestation by adult ticks may be a supplementary influence driving the use of space by eland.

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Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire--Caen, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 307-350) and index.

M.Tech. Business Administration. Business School. / The study attempts to identify and quantify factors that affect service delivery by local government counselors in Gauteng and North-West provinces. The study showed that overall satisfaction with the quality of services provided at the two sites of study (Tshwane District and Madibeng municipalities) was influenced by similar factors based on results obtained from data analysis. This shows that there was no significant difference between residents of Tshwane District and Madigeng municipalities with regards to expectations from service providers and elected officials who are responsible for the delivery of municipal services.

No description available.

Marketplace Ministries, specifically BAM and tentmaking, can be used in North Africa to effectively share the gospel in culturally impacting ways. Chapter 1 introduces the concept of BAM by presenting various definitions of BAM and finding a desirable definition for the purpose of this study. After finding a satisfactory definition for BAM, marketplace ministries are discussed and a suitable framework is developed for the use of tentmakers. The chapter reviews the relevant literature related to the practices and ministries of BAM and tentmaking. Chapter 2 examines the biblical and historical basis of BAM and tentmaking as effective strategies for reaching the lost. Old Testament principles are established for the use of marketplace ministries and the lives and work of Paul, Priscilla, and Aquila are examined as examples of those who used business to carry out ministry. Lastly, some historical flashpoints of missionaries and missionary enterprises that used business to carry out their missionary task are given. Chapter 3 examines some of the contemporary issues related to the practice of BAM and tentmaking especially as it relates to a mission structure such as the IMB. I give three criteria for tentmakers that must be exhibited to be effective; identity, integrity, and intentionality. Patrick Lai's continuum for tentmakers is discussed and evaluated based on those criteria. Chapter 4 delves specifically into tentmaking and the role of the IMB from Richmond to North Africa. Interviews were conducted with key leaders in Richmond VA, London, England, and North Africa. A survey was developed, distributed, and evaluated among missionaries in North Africa with the IMB. The survey is delimited to IMB personnel with the dual purpose of establishing a baseline for how tentmaking can be used in organizational structures and to see what needs IMB personnel are experiencing as they work on the field. Questions are answered that were raised as a result of practitioners dealing honestly with identity, integrity, and intentionality on the field. Chapter 5 examines the paradigm shifts necessary to make BAM and tentmaking viable in today's world of CAN/RANs. Discussion centers in the areas of missionary selection, education, training, and the funding of tentmakers and their platforms. For tentmaking to be effective in nations hostile to the gospel, shifts will have to be made in the areas of supervision, policy, and strategy. / The author of this dissertation requested and received permission for the author's name to be redacted.

Twenty-five animals that were randomly selected on the basis of sex and age from among the animals feeding exclusively on communal grazing in Mogosane village and were used to investigate the mineral (P, Ca and Mg) status, especially P, based on blood and faecal P and to estimate the quantity of P they consumed from the pasture they were grazing. The project was conducted in the same area each month for one year, and no supplement was given. Months were blocks and seasonal changes were factors and the animals were experimental units within a block. Faecal, blood and grass samples were used as indicators of P, Ca and Mg minerals within experimental units, and Analysis of Variance was done to determine whether the P status of native pastures had a significant effect on the total P, Ca and Mg utilization and movement in and out of the blood and throughout the faeces during different periods the year. Body mass, condition scores and rainfall were also recorded during this trial. When the mineral status was investigated in this trial, it was found that mineral content in blood and faeces was directly related to the minerals in the pasture since these indicators were curvilinear increasing from winter months to spring months peaking in summer months with highly (P< 0.05) significant values when grazing was best and declining as the grazing became worse during autumn and winter months. The values of the body condition of the animals increased and declined with the values of body mass. Blood P concentration was very inconsistent and varied greatly and did not follow the same increasing and decreasing pattern followed by faeces and the grass. This emphasizes the fact that the P content of blood is not always good indicator of the P status in the animal. The mean faecal P concentration during winter was lower with the value of 1.23 ± 0.13 mg/g, during spring was low with the value of 1.8 ± 0.06 mg/g, during summer was higher with the value of 3.22 ± 0.12 mg/g and during autumn was high with the value of 1.98 ± 1.04 mg/g. The mean concentration of P in the grass during winter was lower with the value of 0.92 ± 0.04 mg/g, during spring was low with the value of 1.16 ± 0.08 mg/g, during summer was higher with the value of 1.68 ± 0.06 mg/g and during autumn was high with the value of 1.22 ± 0.09 mg/g. The seasonal rainfall correlated with the faecal and grass P values vary much with the value of 0 mm in the winter season, with the value of 26.33 mm in the spring, the value of 90.4 mm during summer and the value of 44.83 mm during autumn. Condition scores and body masses had the values of 2.08 units/201.4 Kg during winter season, had the values of 3.07 units/272.29 Kg in spring season, had the values of 3.88 units/371 Kg during summer season and the values of2.75 units/286.65 during autumn season, respectively. / Thesis (M.Sc. (Agric.)) --North-West University (Mafikeng Campus), 2005.