The author's Magisterarbeit--Universität Freiburg i. Br., 1984. / Includes selections of Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad Sarrāj's Uns al-sārī wa-al-sārib min aqṭār al-Maghārib ilá muntahá al-āmāl wa-al-maʼārib wa-sayyid al-aʻājim wa-al-Aʻārib in German translation. Includes indexes. Bibliography: p. 127-133.

Thesis (PH. D.)--Catholic university of America, 1940. / Description based on print version record. Bibliography : p. xiii-xviii.

The South African Schools Act of 1996 mandates the establishment of School Governing Bodies (SGBs) in all schools with grade eight and higher. Amongst others, the SGB has the authority to develop a Code of Conduct for learners in a school. This study includes a literature review of discipline in schools, the functions of SGBs, the development and implementation of a Code of Conduct by the SGB. A qualitative investigation of the perceptions of parents, educators and learners, of discipline and dealing with misbehaviour was conducted in three secondary schools in the North-West Province. It was established that role-players differed in their understanding of coming to a common understanding of what to include in a Code of Conduct. It seems as if measures to deal with misbehaviour are often in violation of the Bill of Rights in the Constitution. Based on the findings, recommendations for addressing discipline by means of a Code of Conduct were proposed. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Education Management)

The Groot Marico catchment in the North West Province is a National Freshwater Ecosystem Priority Area (NFEPA) because it represents unique landscape features with unique biodiversity that are considered to be of special ecological significance. Three native freshwater species Amphilius uranoscopus, Chiloglanis pretoriae and Barbus motebensis, have high local conservation importance and B. motebensis is endemic to the catchment and is IUCN-listed as vulnerable. The main objective of this study is to contribute towards the effective conservation of these three species in the Groot Marico River system by assessing their genetic structure to determine whether tributary populations of the three species comprise of one genetic population or whether they are divided into genetically distinct subpopulations, in order to prioritise areas for conservation. The central null hypothesis was that there is no genetic differentiation between tributary populations (i.e., panmixia) of B. motebensis, A. uranoscopus and C. pretoriae in the Groot Marico catchment, North West Province. In total, 80 individuals per species were collected, targeting at least 10 individuals per population from a total of eight populations (seven tributaries and the Groot Marico main stem) and across the study area. Samples were collected by electrofishing and specimens were euthanized using an overdose of clove oil. A sample of muscle tissue was removed for genetic evaluation and the remainder of the specimens served as voucher specimens. For the genetic evaluation, mitochondrial (ND2, cyt b) and nuclear (S7) genes were used. Genetic techniques used were DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), purification and sequencing. From the 240 individuals collected, 123 sequences for B. motebensis, 111 sequences for A. uranoscopus and 103 sequences for C. pretoriae were analysed across all three genes. Statistical analysis included looking at cleaned sequences in order to obtain models using MODELTEST (version 3.06). Population structuring and phylogeographic analysis was performed in Arlequin (version 2000), TCS (version 1.2.1) and PAUP*. Results indicated that for B. motebensis the null hypothesis could be rejected as there were two distinct lineages (the Draai and Eastern lineages) that demonstrated significant divergence in both the ND2 and S7 genes, suggesting historical isolation. The low divergence in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (0% < D < 0.8%) suggests that this isolation is not very old and is probably not comparable to species level differentiation. The null hypothesis was also rejected for A. uranoscopus as there were also significant levels of differentiation between tributary populations resulting in the identification of two lineages (the Ribbok and Western lineages). However, for C. pretoriae, the null hypothesis could not be rejected as there was no genetic differentiation between tributary populations i.e., one panmictic population. Therefore, due to each species showing different genetic structuring within the tributary populations, more than one priority area for conservation needs to be implemented. These priority areas of conservation where therefore evaluated based on the current conservation status of the species (B. motebensis being vulnerable on the IUCN Red List), the number of Evolutionary Significant Units for each species and the overall genetic diversity of all three species in the Groot Marico catchment. In total, four tributary populations were conservation priorities areas, these were the Draai, Vanstraatens, Ribbok and Kaaloog tributaries. The Draai, Vanstraatens and Kaaloog tributaries were selected as priority areas for B. motebensis (B. motebensis is considered to be the most vulnerable of all three species). The Draai tributary was selected due to the B. motebensis population within the tributary showing isolation from the rest of the tributary populations. In order to conserve B. motebensis from the Southern lineage, the Vanstraatens and Kaaloog tributaries were selected. Reasons for selecting these two specific tributaries within the Southern lineage were that the Vanstraatens tributary had unique alleles (three Evolutionary Significant Units) for B. motebensis and the Kaaloog tributary had high genetic diversity (HD = 0.889, ND2 gene) when compared to the other tributary populations. The Ribbok and Vanstraatens tributaries were selected as priority areas for the conservation of A. uranoscopus. The Ribbok tributary was selected as it showed isolation from the rest of the tributary populations, as seen with the Draai tributary (B. motebensis) and the Vanstraatens tributary was selected to represent the Western lineage as it had the highest diversity for both genes (ND2 and S7). The Ribbok tributary has the highest prioritisation when compared to the Vanstraatens tributary. Chiloglanis pretoriae occurs within the Draai, Vanstraatens, Ribbok and Kaaloog tributaries, therefore by prioritising these tributaries for conservation, C. pretoriae will in turn be conserved.

Knowledge retention plays an important role in combating organisational knowledge loss. However, some organisations, including mining companies, still lose organisational knowledge due to employees retiring, resigning, downsizing, attrition and so on. This leaves the companies with a shortage of qualified and senior, experienced employees to meet production needs, which has a negative impact on the running of the operational functions on a day-to-day basis. This qualitative study utilised the knowledge-retention model as a theoretical framework to investigate knowledge-retention strategies at a platinum mine in the North West province in South Africa. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 employees of the platinum mine in North West province who were chosen purposively, as well as organisational document review. The key findings revealed that although the mine has a knowledge-retention policy, some of the employees are not aware of its existence and there is no enough investment in knowledge-retention initiatives within the organisation. The study concludes by arguing that having knowledge retention policy, strategies and initiatives on paper but failing to implement is as good as not having it. The study recommends that management become involved, support knowledge-retention initiatives, and ensure that knowledge retention policy is implemented in the organisation. / Information Science / M.A. (Information Science)

In this thesis I have endeavoured to throw light on both the private and public aspect of the lives of women living in the Roman African provinces from the first century BC to the seventh century AD. Funerary inscriptions reveal that the role of women in private life was projected in a manner which reflected the ideals for Roman womanhood (pudicitia, castilas,fides and fecunditas), even when they clearly came of Afro~Punic stock. In terms of the quality of their lives Roman African women of the propertied status groups (about whom we know the most) had a good standard of living compared to other parts of the Roman Empire, and for example were well~educated in the urbanized areas compared to provinces such as Gaul. Roman African women of the elite also enjoyed a degree of autonomy enhanced by the increased financial independence granted to them in terms of Roman law, which enabled them to function as benefactors in their communities in the same way as their male counterparts, donating money for temples, baths and markets. In return for this they were duly recognized in honorary inscriptions by their communities. Although this public role may appear to be in conflict with the 'ideal' domestic or private role of the Roman matron, this activity was sanctioned by the fact that they were acting in the interests of male family members who were engaged in municipal careers. In the 2nd and 3rd centuries there are a few signs that women were beginning to act more in their own interests, but much of their public role faded with the increasing dominance of the Christian Church which prescribed a more limited role for women. The only exceptions occurred in the times of persecution through the temporary prominence gained by women as martyrs and confessors, although this prominence cannot be said to have advantaged women in general. During the Vandal and Byzantine period we know of only a few women, primarily those with connections to the elite at Rome and Constantinople, who acted with the independence and authority of their class. / History / D.Litt. et Phil. (Ancient History)

South Africa is called "the rainbow nation" because it has so many different cultures. These have an impact on the provision of primary health care. The purpose of this research is to foster good relationships between community health nurses and traditional healers and to explore, identify and describe the attitude of community health nurses towards the integration of traditional healers into primary health care. A non-experimental, explorative and descriptive research strategy was designed to explore the working relationship between community health nurses and traditional healers. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Quantitative as well as qualitative data analysis techniques were adopted to interpret the findings. The results indicated that respondents demonstrated positive attitudes towards working with traditional healers, especially in the provision of primary health care. Positive opinions, ideas and views were provided about the integration of traditional healers into primary health care. Respect, recognition and sensitivity were emphasized by respondents. / Health Studies / M.A. (Nursing Science)

The study deals with the management of discipline in a post corporal punishment environment in South Africa through a case study of selected primary schools in informal settlements in the North West Province. The following research questions were formulated:  What is the current thinking and practice of discipline in the primary schools in the informal settlements in the North West Province?  Which disciplinary measures and procedures are currently used in the selected primary schools?  How effective are the current management strategies of discipline used in the selected primary schools?  How can recommendations assist educators in selected primary schools to deal more effectively with disciplinary challenges? A literature review on the management of school discipline provided a conceptual framework for the empirical inquiry and indicated a lack of empirical studies on the management of discipline in primary schools in informal settlement in the North West Province. This matter is dealt with mostly frequently at high school level. An empirical study using qualitative research methods explored the management of discipline in twenty sampled primary schools in informal settlements in the North West Province, selected through purposive sampling. Data were gathered by in-depth interviews and focus groups with educators, principals and School Governing Body chairpersons. Data were categorized into themes. Findings showed that some educators still view corporal punishment as the most appropriate strategy to deal with ill-disciplined behaviour in schools; hence corporal punishment is still rife in some of the sampled schools. However, other participants agree that corporal punishment should not be accommodated as stipulated by the South African Constitution and other legal frameworks, instead effective alternative strategies should be deployed to handle ill-disciplined behaviour. Inhuman and outdated approaches should be avoided. Diverse ways of dealing with discipline which are goal oriented and foster good relations between the learner and the educator should be implemented. Sound relations in turn lead to the production of learners with the potential to become good citizens. Based on the literature and empirical inquiry, recommendations were made which advocate educator training on handling discipline in primary schools and the design of effective strategies to maintain sound discipline. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

M.Sc. / The evolution of oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere during the early Precambrian has been a subject of debate for many years. Two fundamental models oppose another. The one by Cloud, Holland and co-workers suggests that the atmosphere was essentially anoxic until about 2.2Ga and then became highly oxygenated due to a sudden rise in oxygen levels. The, other advocated by Dimroth, Kimberley and Ohmoto suggests that the atmosphere was oxygenated as early as 3.5Ga. The most crucial assumption for the Cloud-Holland model for the evolution of atmospheric oxygen is that the 2.2-2.3Ga Hekpoort paleosol formed under reducing atmospheric conditions. However, regional field, drill core, petrographic and geochemical investigations of the Hekpoort paleosol during this study clearly show that the Hekpoort paleosol in fact represents an oxidised lateritic weathering profile. In addition, the Hekpoort paleosol correlates well to the oxidised saprolites below the Gamagara/Mapedi erosion surface in the Northern Cape Province. The basis for theassumption by Holland and co-workers that a dramatic rise in atmospheric oxygen levels took place at 2.2Ga thus falls away. During this study extensive red beds, belonging to the Dwaal Heuvel Formation were discovered directly above the Hekpoort paleosol in the Pretoria Group in Botswana and the western Transvaal area. The red beds show two stages of development, firstly fluvial and then deltaic. The red beds are correlated with the Gamagara/Mapedi red beds in Griqualand West. Apart from this evidence for highly oxygenated conditions immediately above the Hekpoort/Ongeluk lavas, hematitic ferricrete, pisolitic mudclast conglomerate and hematitic oolitic ironstones were also found in the Timeball Hill Formation underlying the Hekpoort lava. Oolitic ironstones are developed over an area of more than 100 000 km2. Several different types of oolites are developed within the oolitic ironstone which contains up to 73wt% Fe203. The ferricrete and hematitic pisolitic mudclast conglomerate contain oncolites. These ferricretes, pisolitic mudclast conglomerate and oolitic ironstones suggest that the atmosphere was already highly oxidising between 2.4 and 2.45Ga, prior to deposition of the Hekpoort lava. Pretoria Group rocks that were deposited in close contact with the atmosphere show no evidence for an anoxic atmosphere. It is suggested that atmospheric oxygen levels may have fluctuated through time but at the same time increased in a steplike manner during deposition of the Transvaal Supergroup. However, at this moment in time we do not have enough information available to develop a quantitative model for the evolution of atmospheric oxygen. New age data available on the Hekpoort/Ongeluk lava unit indicate that it may be 2.395Ga old i.e. some 200Ma older than thought earlier. Thus, the atmosphere could have been highly oxygenated in very early Paleoproterozoic times. Uraninite, pyrite and siderite present in older Archean sedimentary rocks do, however, argue for more reducing atmospheric conditions at that time. Both the Cloud-Holland and Dimroth-Ohmoto models of atmospheric oxygen development are therefore in need of revision.

Doctorat en sciences sociales, politiques et économiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished