Since the end of South Africa’s Apartheid era, South Africans have become more aware of hate crimes that discriminate not on the basis of skin colour, but nationality. Among the targets of this xenophobic hate are Mozambican foreign nationals, one of the largest foreign national populations in South Africa. Structured Mozambican communities have been identified, offering support to their members in this environment. This study explores the impact of the xenophobic discourse on the Mozambican identity, particularly within the Mozambican community of Freedom Park, Soweto. Based on the social constructionist acknowledgement of multiple realities, this study used the African worldview as an epistemological framework to inform the methodology appropriate for this participant group. 12 participants, identified through convenience sampling, engaged in one group conversation that explored their understandings of their Mozambican identity and the corresponding impact of South Africa’s xenophobic discourse. Following thematic content analysis, four themes were identified. Participants showed a strong sense of national pride in their shared Mozambican heritage, linked to support from their community and their government. Secondly, participants perceived a positive Mozambican identity that emphasized work- related characteristics. Thirdly, participants showed concern over how South Africans perceive them. Finally, the Mozambican identity was de-emphasized when discussing xenophobia. Participants adopted similar ideas to Mbeki’s African Renaissance, in drawing on the broad categories of ‘blacks’ and ‘Africans’ and redefining the boundaries of belonging. In conclusion, implications for future research and government interventions are discussed / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)

The sufficiency of Jesus Christ in the African Church is challenged by the widespread spiritual insecurity in African Christians, prompting them to hold on to ATR. The wholistic securing power of ATR challenges the sufficiency Christ's salvation to Africans. Proposing African Christological motifs alone is inadequate to induce confidence upon Christ. The African worldview must further be transformed inline with the implications of the victory of the Cross over Satan. Indeed, Christ has fully liberated African Christians from Satan's authority, placed them in his kingdom, and transformed them into a glorious state. However, because of the Fall, salvation, before the eschaton can never result in the utopian order envisioned in ATR. Suffering does not necessarily indicate satanic harassment. It is a fact of the fallen world. African Christians stand secured in Christ; therefore, they must hold on to their faith. / Systematic Theology and Theological Ethics / M.Th. (Systematic Theology)

The purpose of this study was to present an analysis of the belief systems of the worldviews behind the religions of Christianity and African Traditional Religion with a view toward aiding the Christian church in African help its converts from African Traditional Religion to hold a biblical worldview in the areas where the biblical and traditional African worldviews conflict. The two worldviews were analyzed, and compared using the philosophical elements of a worldview and the religious dimensions of how a worldview is lived out in culture. Genesis 1-11 of the Christian Bible was used as the basis for the biblical or Christian worldview. The Christian believes that the Bible is God's inspired word to mankind and that what is recorded in Genesis 1-11 gives God's answers to the basic philosophical questions that make up a worldview. Therefore, Christian philosophy and the Christian worldview are postulated on God's special revelation as recorded in the Bible. The African worldview is based upon the sayings and traditions of the elders as received from the ancestors. The traditional African believes in the trustworthiness of the ancestors as strongly as the Christian believes in the trustworthiness of the Bible. When an African converts from African Traditional Religion to Christianity he encounters a conflict of beliefs in certain philosophical elements of his worldview. Upon the conviction that beliefs determine practice, unless the African convert to Christianity changes his beliefs he will not change his practice, and syncretism will be the result. After analyzing the two worldviews, the areas of conflict in beliefs were presented with recommendations for bringing the African Christian's worldview beliefs into conformity with the Christian worldview. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D.Litt. et Phil. (Religious Studies)

The purpose of this study was to present an analysis of the belief systems of the worldviews behind the religions of Christianity and African Traditional Religion with a view toward aiding the Christian church in African help its converts from African Traditional Religion to hold a biblical worldview in the areas where the biblical and traditional African worldviews conflict. The two worldviews were analyzed, and compared using the philosophical elements of a worldview and the religious dimensions of how a worldview is lived out in culture. Genesis 1-11 of the Christian Bible was used as the basis for the biblical or Christian worldview. The Christian believes that the Bible is God's inspired word to mankind and that what is recorded in Genesis 1-11 gives God's answers to the basic philosophical questions that make up a worldview. Therefore, Christian philosophy and the Christian worldview are postulated on God's special revelation as recorded in the Bible. The African worldview is based upon the sayings and traditions of the elders as received from the ancestors. The traditional African believes in the trustworthiness of the ancestors as strongly as the Christian believes in the trustworthiness of the Bible. When an African converts from African Traditional Religion to Christianity he encounters a conflict of beliefs in certain philosophical elements of his worldview. Upon the conviction that beliefs determine practice, unless the African convert to Christianity changes his beliefs he will not change his practice, and syncretism will be the result. After analyzing the two worldviews, the areas of conflict in beliefs were presented with recommendations for bringing the African Christian's worldview beliefs into conformity with the Christian worldview. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D.Litt. et Phil. (Religious Studies)

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O presente estudo parte de uma experiÃncia em curso no projeto intitulado MemÃrias de BaobÃ, que tem sua realizaÃÃo na escola de EducaÃÃo Infantil e Ensino Fundamental I 08 de MarÃo. InstituiÃÃo vinculada à rede municipal de ensino da cidade do Crato, na regiÃo do Cariri, sul do CearÃ. O projeto objetiva, desde maio de 2014, a implementaÃÃo da Lei N 10.639/03 que reformulou a LDB (9.394/96) com advento das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para EducaÃÃo das RelaÃÃes Ãtnico-Raciais e para o Ensino de HistÃria e Cultura Africana e Afro-brasileira. No entanto, observou-se que as aÃÃes educativas realizadas no projeto entre os anos de 2014 e 2016, na perspectiva da implementaÃÃo da citada lei, nÃo deram conta da sua implantaÃÃo na matriz curricular da escola. Tal afirmaÃÃo justifica-se apÃs as/os professoras/es e nÃcleo gestor relatarem dificuldades para articulaÃÃo de tais conteÃdos em suas prÃticas educativas. Nesse sentido, percebeu-se a necessidade de uma formaÃÃo continuada com o professorado e gestÃo escolar partindo dos princÃpios / ensinamentos da CosmovisÃo Africana, intentando a construÃÃo de uma proposta pedagÃgica que valorizasse os repertÃrios africanos marcados na cultura local. Para tanto, realizamos uma Pesquisa-FormaÃÃo de Raiz Africana ancorada na Pedagogia do Baobà e fundamentada no aporte Pretagogia, intentando a construÃÃo da referida proposta e, por meio desta, descobrir prÃticas pedagÃgicas que deem subsÃdios aos professoras/es e nÃcleo gestor, no trato da histÃria e cultura africana e afro-brasileira, bem como verificar que contribuiÃÃes a formaÃÃo que valoriza os princÃpios / ensinamentos da CosmovisÃo Africana, poderia trazer para a matriz curricular da escola, em torno do ensino das africanidades local e educaÃÃo para as relaÃÃes Ãtnico-raciais. Assim, propusemos trabalhar com referenciais metodolÃgicos e abordagens pedagÃgicas equipados/as de conhecimento e saber de matriz africana. Nesse sentido, os caminhos metodolÃgicos sÃo constituÃdos por autoras e autores, como Josso (2004), Petit (2015), Petit e Silva (2011) e Oliveira (2007). AlÃm de Cavalleiro (2001), Silva (2010), Oliveira (2006), Meijer (2012), Hooks (2017) e Macedo (2012), que nos ajudam a refletir sobre formaÃÃo de raiz africana, africanizaÃÃo da escola e descolonizaÃÃo do currÃculo, a partir das categorias conceituais fundantes que enriquece o embasamento teÃrico da pesquisa, conceitos como: EducaÃÃo Anti-racista, CosmovisÃo Africana, Africanidades, CurrÃculo e Ensino. / The present study is based on an ongoing experiment in the project entitled MemÃrias de BaobÃ, which is being carried out at the School of Early Childhood Education and Primary Education I March 08. Institution linked to the municipal education network of the city of Crato, in the region of Cariri, south of CearÃ. The project aims, since May 2014, to implement Law No. 10,639 / 03, which reformulated LDB (9,394 / 96) with the advent of the National Curricular Guidelines for Education of Ethnic and Racial Relations and for the Teaching of African and Afro History and Culture -Brazilian. However, it was observed that the educational actions carried out in the project between the years 2014 and 2016, with a view to implementing the aforementioned law, did not account for its implementation in the curricular matrix of the school. This statement is justified after the teachers and the managerial nucleus report difficulties in articulating such contents in their educational practices. In this sense, the need for a continuous formation with the teachers and school management was observed, starting from the principles / teachings of the African Worldview, trying to construct a pedagogical proposal that valorized the African repertories marked in the local culture. In order to do so, we carried out an African Root Research-Formation anchored in Baobà Pedagogy and based on the contribution of Pretagogy, attempting to construct said proposal and, through this, to discover pedagogical practices that give subsidies to teachers and management nucleus, in the treatment African and Afro-Brazilian history and culture, as well as to verify that contributions to the training that values the principles / teachings of the African Worldview, could bring to the curricular matrix of the school, around the local african education and education for ethnic- racial relations. Thus, we proposed to work with methodological references and pedagogical approaches equipped with knowledge and knowledge of the African matrix. In this sense, the methodological paths are constituted by authors and authors, such as Josso (2004), Petit (2015), Petit e Silva (2011) and Oliveira (2007). In addition to Cavalleiro (2001), Silva (2010), Oliveira (2006), Meijer (2012), Hooks (2017) and Macedo (2012), help us reflect on African root formation, school africanization and decolonization of the curriculum , from the conceptual foundational categories that enriches the theoretical basis of the research, concepts such as: Anti-racist Education, African Worldview, Africanities, Curriculum and Teaching.

The renewal of interest in religious healing methods in the past few decades, in response to various perspectives of illnesses, is ‘blowing’ through the PCC-one of the reformed churches in Africa. There are two underlying assumptions in this project: the first is that sickness constitutes a major threat to good health and the second is that the ministry of healing in the PCC is not contextual in view of respecting and incorporating the cultural, social, religious beliefs and values of its people in the formation of meaningful healing ministry. The healing ministry of the Presbyterian Church in Cameroon is lacking in efficacy and essence because it does not make much meaning in the lives of the sick and their relatives. This project gives an overview of some of the causes of tensions that exist in the PCC concerning its ministry of healing. It critically analysis, interprets and discusses the empirical results of 26 (20 laity and six clergy) members of the Musang congregation alongside some theological reflections. The project explored and highlighted the importance of the traditional worldview regarding health, illness, healing and defines healing as the work of God and that it is imperative for the Church to focus on a more meaningful healing ministry that includes physical, spiritual, social and psychological aspects, thus healing needs to be holistic. Putting together the results of the literature review, the empirical research and the critical and theological reflections, the project suggests and affirms that there are theological, practical and socio-cultural reasons for the PCC to rethink, reformulate and reshape its healing ministry in the light of Jesus’ healing ministry. The project points out the theological, practical and cultural basis for a more meaningful ministry of healing within the PCC. These results reveal that the PCC has no choice but to embrace this emerging biblical healing ministry if it truly wants to remain faithful and in obedience to Jesus’ three but inseparable ministries of preaching, teaching and healing. Finally, the project proposes an integrated healing service as one of the ways towards a more practical and meaningful ministry of healing in the PCC at home and in the diaspora. Some objective comments and recommendations are also made. / Practical Theology / D. Th. (Practical Theology)