The models of racial discrimination developed and the detailed empirical analysis of the post World War II U.S. economy are consistent with the two central hypotheses: (1) there is no dominant tendency within U.S. capitalism towards elimination of racial discrimination, and (2) until the late 1970's, public sector employment increased racial equality. Neoclassical models of racial discrimination and related empirical studies are criticized: (1) for emphasizing one aspect of racial equality, earnings, while de-emphasizing unemployment because of the difficulty of integrating it into neoclassical theory; (2) for incorrectly theorizing production as a purely technical process resulting in a one-sided emphasis on market forces for racial equality while abstracting from tendencies that reproduce inequality; and (3) for failing to analyze the distinct behavior and outcomes between the public and private sector. Blacks are more likely than whites, and increasingly so, to work in the public sector, and their proportion of private sector employment is declining. A social relations theory of production based on cooperation and conflicts among black employees, white employees and employers is constructed. The likely equilibrium is racial inequality in earnings and employment. Other results derived are that improvement in earnings by race decrease black employment, and growth of government employment or affirmative action causes black to white earnings and employment to increase. The implications of the model are consistent with actual trends. It is demonstrated that black to white earnings grew until the mid 1970's for both men and women, and have been stationary since. Further the relation between black and white unemployment has substantially worsened since 1975. Both trends are shown to be statistically significant. A cause of the deterioration in the relation between black and white unemployment rates is the stagnation of government employment. The study concludes with an analysis of present public policy. The author finds that current attacks on affirmative action and cutbacks in human services and public sector employment have halted progress towards racial equality and will increase inequality in earnings and unemployment between blacks and whites, and among blacks.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Boston University / This exploratory qualitative study investigated the college choice processes of 25 African American college students. Individual interviews that asked the students to look back on their college choice processes during high school provided the data for the study. The goals of the study were to (1) identify the difficulties that these students encountered when searching for and applying to colleges, (2) identify the factors that helped them succeed in gaining acceptance to college, and (3) develop a model of the college choice process based on the identified factors. The findings provide understandings of the positive and negative factors that African American students may encounter in the college choice process and provide a model of the optimal process. This model is designed to help counselors in high schools and colleges change organizational arrangements and procedures, both within and between institutions, to better assist African American high school students in the transition to higher education. Other wider societal and political changes that may assist students in the transition to higher education are identified and discussed.

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