This diploma thesis summarises current approaches to age management, or human resources management taking in account the age and skills of employees in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of this paper deals with the background of this concept, describes the present demographical development, its consequences in the labour field, and the problem of aging population which is visible in the need to adapt applied management strategies in organisations to this trend. There are mentioned several programmes, thoughts, and legislative measures on which the newest concepts and strategic plans in Europe and the Czech Republic are based. The empirical part of the thesis focuses on a specific level of organisations, and consists of two surveys. The first one is a comparative case study for which data were collected in two organisations which have recently implemented measures stemming from age management strategies. These measures are then specified and confronted with the statements of the employees who, in semi-structured interviews with the author, talked about the changes that were put into practice under the concept of age management, and about the discrimination of persons over 50 years of age on the labour market. The second survey was carried out by a questionnaire distributed online to...

Vi lever längre, är friskare och både kan och vill jobba längre. Företagen och organisationer står inför ett ökande kompetensbehov. Vi inledde denna studie med tro och övertygelse om att en del av företagen skulle kunna utnyttja äldre medarbetare för att täcka en del av sina kompetens- och resursbehov. Vi önskade identifiera en del av de möjligheter och problem företag eller organisationer har och visa på goda exempel som fler företag eller organisationer skulle kunna ha glädje av. Vi har i studien tagit del av statistik, teori och praktiska exempel från olika företag som beskrivits på olika sätt i rapporter och artiklar. Vi har genom att intervjua tio (10) olika företag och organisationer funnit att det faktiskt förekommer ett mer utbrett Age Management arbete än vad vi hade föreställt oss, arbetsgivare ser allt mer till kompetens hos en person och allt mindre till ålder. Vi har funnit att ålder förstärks genom attityder, att "bli gammal" upptäcks inte automatiskt av en enskild person, ofta är det omgivning, arbetskamrater eller erbjudanden om seniorboenden vid 55 år som gör en person uppmärksam på att denne nu betraktas som "äldre". Vi ser att samhället faktiskt agerar på ett sådant sätt som gör att en person börjar identifiera sig själv som äldre. Vi har funnit att det finns flera sätt att använda den kompetens som äldre innehar och att den kompetensen behöver tas tillvara, vi har också sett goda exempel på hur olika företag och organisationer medvetet har tagit tillvara kompetens. Vår slutsats är att organisationer har identifierat de demografiska utmaningarna och att man börjat jobba med de samma. Det finns flera möjligheter till nyttjande av kompetens i alla åldrar och att det är en stor skillnad på funktionell ålder och kronologisk ålder. Vi rekommenderar företag och organisationer att utifrån sina förutsättningar och behov att utveckla Age Management strategier och att visa på flexibla arbetssätt som skulle kunna attrahera arbetskraft i alla åldrar liksom inrättandet av "Alumni" där kompetent f.d. personal kan finnas tillgänglig som extra resurs vid olika slags behov / We live longer lives, we are healthier, and we can and want to work longer. Corporations and organizations are facing an increasing need of skills and knowledge. We started this study, believing that many corporations would be able to cover their need of competencies with older workers. We wanted to identify some of the possibilities as well as problems organizations have in this regard. We also wanted to find and show good examples of organizations that have been successful in achieving this goal. We have studied statistics, theory and practical examples. By performing empirical studies on ten companies in Sweden, we have found that Age Management strategies are more widely spread than we initially suspected. Employers are rather looking for skills than age. We found that the concept of age is enhanced through attitudes from the surrounding environment. An individual, earlier not regarding her- or himself as "older" might just start doing so due to the attitudes of others. We have found several ways of preserving and pass along knowledge of older workers and also that this needs to be done. Our conclusion is that organizations have identified the demographic challenges and that they have initiated processes to meet them. There are several ways of using competencies in all ages and there is a big difference between functional age and chronological age.We recommend that organizations develop Age Management strategies and flexible ways of organize their workforce. E.g. the introduction of an "Alumni", where previous competent staff can register to function as an extra resource

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Diploma thesis "Integration of volunteering in social services for the elderly in the Czech Republic" deals with nowadays ageing population has become substantial part of the development of society. One of the important instruments of social policy to fight the adverse effects of the ageing population should be prevention and also the quality of social services for old people, support for civil society and volunteering, which contribution to the society is important and is going to strengthen in the future. Generally, the importance of a volunteer for a old person is as an intermediary with the world outside, and as an associate who has time only for him. The volunteer helps developing civic virtue and solving social problems usually as a partner of the state services and of the non-profit sector. In the consequence of a significant change in the legislation, which was put into practice by a new law in social services, I focus my work primarily on what the new law brings and how it has changed the scope of its social services in practice during its year-and-half force. And what role the phenomenon of volunteering defines too.

The present thesis focuses on the analysis of the Czech pension system reform. In order to understand the respective consequences, the analysis is put into the context of the development of the Czech pension system after 1989. In addition to the value aspect, attention is paid to the demographic, legislative, political, economic, social, institutional and international aspects of the pension system, its arrangement, financing and financial sustainability. The comparison of the pension reform implemented by the coalition government of Prime Minister Petr Nečas with the concept of pension reform of the opposition Czech Social Democratic Party by the criteria of budgetary responsibility, quality of life of pensioners, solidarity, social justice, equivalence and resilience of pension reform in time is also emphasised. Theoretical bases include the theory of path dependency, the theory of institutionalism, the welfare state theory, the theory of corporatism and the criterion anchoring of the reform. The present thesis applies the method of analysis of secondary data and the method of comparative analysis. To obtain secondary data, methods of document and data record searching are utilised.

The diploma thesis generally focuses on pension systems, specifically on the institution of retirement age. This institution is very important for the old-age pension system and its stability. Retirement age is an important determinant of every pension system. Demographic and economic state of society depends, among other things, on age at which citizens can retire, it's associated with standard of living of state residents. It also affects job opportunities. Since its inception the retirement age in the Czech Republic has gone through many modifications. Based on the theory of actor-centered institutionalism, the diploma thesis addresses the determinants that influenced the development of retirement age institute, including its institutional framework and actors involved in its changes. It also deals with its developmental stages. Comparison with the development in Slovakia (in some parts of diploma thesis only) will be enriched the conceptual, empirical as well as methodological realm of the thesis. Czech and Slovak Republics have shared history but the pension systems of both countries have considerably diverged. In conclusion the diploma thesis specifies the wider context of the retirement age as a part of the overall pension system. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The diploma thesis Impact of the economic crisis on the construction market and the current trends in the construction sector focuses mainly on the development of the Czech construction market in relation to the economic crisis of 2008-2009, while looking for conjunctions with macroeconomic indicators. It also describes the following period of development of the construction sector with an emphasis on current trends. Exemplifying how this is implemented into practice, the diploma thesis includes a description of the activities of a group of companies called EBM Group.

Äldreperspektivet i stadsplaneringen är ett nästintill outforskat område i Sverige. Samtidigt står vi i Sverige, precis som i många andra länder, inför stora demografiska utmaningar kopplade till den snabbt åldrande befolkningen. Där stadsplanering med ett äldreperspektiv identifierats som en i raden av insatser som krävs för att möta de utmaningar som en åldrande befolkning för med sig. I den här studien har äldrevänlig stadsplanering undersökts utifrån en fallstudie av stadsutvecklingsprojektet Ulleråker i Uppsala kommun. En kommun som sommaren 2016 gick med i Världshälsoorganisationens (WHO:s) globala nätverk för åldersvänliga städer och samhällen, och därmed precis påbörjat sin resa mot att bli en mer äldrevänlig stad. Då äldreperspektivet är ett nytt fenomen i svensk stadsplanering, saknas kunskapen om vad kommunen bör göra för att tillgodose ett sådant perspektiv, vilket utgjort utgångspunkten för denna studie. Studiens syfte har på så sätt varit att bidra med ökade kunskaper om innebörden av äldrevänlig planering, och hur Uppsala kommun skulle kunna utveckla sitt arbete för att på ett bättre sätt tillgodose ett äldreperspektiv. Materialet som legat till grund för fallstudien baseras på dokumentstudier av styrdokument och planhandlingar, samt intervjuer med aktörer som är involverade i stadsplaneringen utifrån ett äldreperspektiv i Uppsala. I studien identifieras en rad faktorer som inom forskningsvärlden framhävts som betydelsefulla vid planeringen av en äldrevänlig stad. Och resultatet från fallstudien tyder på att kommunen, trots att de inte uttalat arbetar med ett äldreperspektiv i stadsplaneringen idag, indirekt tillgodoser vissa delar av äldreperspektivet i sin planering. Samtidigt identifieras i studien en rad förbättringsområden. Bland annat att synen på äldreperspektivet bör tydliggöras och breddas, samt att kommunen bör anta en gemensam målsättning för äldreperspektivet. Likaså föreslås att hanteringen av äldreperspektivet bör ses över, för att förtydliga vilka delar av den kommunala organisationen som ska vara ansvarig för att uppfylla vilka delar av äldreperspektivet. Fallstudien pekar även på att frågan om äldres boende bör lyftas tidigare i planeringsprocessen än vad som görs idag. Slutresultatet från studien, indikerar att ökad kunskap om äldreperspektivet bidrar till att öka medvetenheten om vilka vi planerar för och hur äldre påverkas av olika beslut gällande stadsmiljön, vilket kan ses som en förutsättning för ett medvetet och hållbart samhällsbyggande. / The elderly perspective is currently missing in urban planning in Sweden. At the same time, Sweden and many other countries are facing demographic challenges in terms of an ageing population. However, the integration of an elderly perspective into the planning process of cities can be considered as one of a number of efforts to meet these challenges. In this study, an elderly-friendly planning approach has been investigated through a case study of the urban development project Ulleråker in Uppsala, Sweden. In 2016, Uppsala municipality became a member of the WHO global network for age-friendly cities and communities. Hence, the municipality of Uppsala has just begun its journey towards becoming an elderly-friendly city. Since the elderly perspective is a comparatively new phenomenon in the planning agenda in Sweden, the municipality lacks the knowledge needed to cater for such a perspective. With this as a starting point, the purpose of this study is to advance knowledge of elderly-friendly planning, as well as identify ways in which Uppsala municipality could improve their planning procedures to better meet the needs of the elderly in the urban environment. The case study is based on document reviews of regulatory and planning documents linked to the development project of Ulleråker. In addition, five in-depth interviews have been carried out with actors involved in the planning process from an elderly perspective in Uppsala. The study identifies a number of factors of importance in creating an elderly-friendly urban environment. On the one hand, the result of the case study indicates that the municipality does not explicitly consider an elderly perspective in the municipal planning process. On the other hand, the same case study reveals that an elderly perspective is considered indirectly to some extent. Furthermore, the study highlights a number of areas of improvement in order to strengthen the elderly perspective in Uppsala. For instance, it is suggested that the municipality should broaden its view of the needs of older people in urban environments. In addition, the municipality’s handling of the issue should be reviewed to determine the extent to which different parts of the municipal organisation should be responsible for ensuring different factors in creating an elderly-friendly urban environment. Moreover, the case study also suggests that the dwelling issue of elderly people should be considered at an earlier stage in the planning process compared to what is done today. The conclusion indicates that increased knowledge about the elderly perspective in urban planning may raise the awareness of who we plan for, and how older people are affected by different decisions concerning the urban environment. Which can be understood as a precondition for sustainable development.

The majority of local areas in the UK are faced with an ageing population. Popular retirement destinations in coastal and more rural areas are particularly affected. The thesis aims to find out how local areas strategically tackle these demographic shifts. The British government has issued strategic guidance for local areas, but as yet little is known about how actual responses look. The literature has largely focused on good practice compilations. Consequently, the thesis attempts to analyse in depth local areas’ experiences in planning for an ageing population. The main research question is: How do local actors in the UK plan for population ageing? A grounded theory approach has been chosen to develop theoretical concepts from empirical data. Local governance and collective learning are used as sensitising concepts, i.e. wider theoretical perspectives. Due to the state of research and the aim to gather detailed knowledge regarding the planning for an ageing population in local areas, a qualitative research design has been chosen. More precisely, it is a multiple case study design, covering the three heterogeneous cases North Tyneside, Poole and Wealden. Empirical data has been assembled from qualitative interviews with local experts and documents such as local strategies or minutes of meetings. The results are threefold. Firstly, local governance arrangements are analysed. This covers the identification of involved actors, their action orientations and interactions. As approaches in planning for an ageing population differ across organisations, a typology of individual actors is developed. Moreover, it is observed that and analysed how traditional hierarchical steering by public bodies is complemented by more network-like forms of governance, for example multi-organisational older people’s partnerships. Secondly, local learning processes in planning for an ageing population are reconstructed. Four phases are differentiated: setting the agenda for the topic of ageing and older people followed by building up knowledge on the subject and collective learning in a narrower sense and, finally, strategy-making. Interrelations between governance arrangements and collective learning are analysed, particularly with respect to different forms of learning in different types of older people’s partnerships. Finally, central challenges and perspectives arising from the analysis of governance arrangements and learning processes are discussed. On the one hand, these pertain to the cross-cutting nature of ageing, on the other hand they are due to the ambivalent influence from national government on local areas. Ageing affects various spheres of local steering activity. Among the main implications for local areas in the UK are the continuous search for responsibility and the struggle to broaden the agenda beyond health and care. This has led to experimenting with governance structures, intensifying involvement of older people and developing inter-agency older people strategies and others as catalysts for further development. The strong influence from central government on local steering advances local reactions to ageing but provokes superficial and unsustainable answers at the same time. Overall, the thesis provides in-depth empirical knowledge on local planning for an ageing population. The theoretical lenses local governance and collective learning have been used to generalise from the practical experiences in the three case study areas. The thesis concludes with recommendations for practitioners locally and at the national level. These refer inter alia to local governance arrangements which come up to the issue’s cross-cuttingness and to national guidance and regulation which could facilitate their introduction or modification. / Die Mehrzahl britischer Gemeinden ist mit einer alternden Bevölkerung konfrontiert. Küstengebiete und ländliche Räume sind besonders betroffen, da sie als Altersruhesitz bevorzugt werden. Ziel der Dissertation ist es, den strategischen Umgang der Gemeinden mit diesen demographischen Veränderungen zu beleuchten. Die britische Nationalregierung gibt den Gemeinden strategische Leitlinien vor, allerdings ist wenig darüber bekannt, wie die lokalen Ansätze tatsächlich aussehen. Bisher wurden vor allem Good Practice Sammlungen zum Thema veröffentlicht. Vor diesem Hintergrund beschäftigt sich die Dissertation detailliert mit der Stadtentwicklung für eine alternde Bevölkerung in solchen Gemeinden, die in sich zwar mit der Bevölkerungsalterung beschäftigen, aber nicht als Good Practice klassifiziert werden können. Die Hauptforschungsfrage ist: Wie planen lokale Akteure für eine alternde Bevölkerung? Die Arbeit folgt einem Grounded Theory Ansatz, der darauf zielt, theoretische Konzepte aus den empirischen Daten zu entwickeln. Lokale Governance und kollektives Lernen dienen als sensibilisierende Konzepte, d.h. weitergefasste theoretische Perspektiven. Aufgrund des Forschungsstandes und des Ziels, detailliertes Wissen über die Stadtentwicklung für eine alternde Bevölkerung zu gewinnen, folgt die Arbeit einem qualitativen Forschungsdesign. In den drei heterogenen Fallstudiengemeinden North Tyneside, Poole und Wealden wurden insbesondere qualitative Interviews mit lokalen Experten durchgeführt und Dokumente wie Strategiepapiere und Sitzungsprotokolle ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse umfassen drei Themenbereiche. Zunächst werden lokale Governanceformen analysiert, was die Identifikation der beteiligten Akteure, ihre Handlungsorientierungen und Interaktionen umfasst. Da Ansätze zum Umgang mit der alternden Bevölkerung sich stark zwischen individuellen Akteuren unterscheiden, wurde auf dieser Basis eine Akteurstypologie erstellt. Darüber hinaus wird analysiert wie traditionale Steuerungsansätze staatlicher Akteure durch netzwerkartige Governanceformen ergänzt werden. Bedeutendstes Beispiel sind Arbeitsgruppen, in denen Akteure verschiedener Organisationen und Sektoren zusammenkommen, um Ansätze zum Umgang mit Senioren und der Bevölkerungsalterung zu entwickeln. Anschließend werden lokale Lernprozesse in der Planung für eine alternde Bevölkerung rekonstruiert. Dabei werden vier Phasen unterschieden: Agenda-Setting, Wissensaufbau, kollektives Lernen im engeren Sinne und Strategieerstellung. Es werden die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Governanceformen und kollektivem Lernen analysiert, insbesondere bezüglich der Lernformen in verschiedenen Typen von Arbeitsgruppen. Schließlich werden Herausforderungen und Perspektiven der Stadtentwicklung für eine alternde Bevölkerung diskutiert, die aus der Analyse von Governanceformen und Lernprozessen hervorgehen. Einerseits beziehen diese sich auf den Querschnittcharakter des Themas Alterung, andererseits auf den ambivalenten Einfluss der Nationalregierung. Die Alterung betrifft verschiedenste Bereiche lokaler Steuerung. Dies führt zu einer anhaltenden Suche nach lokalen Verantwortungsträgern und zu Schwierigkeiten, die Agenda über Gesundheit und Pflege Älterer hinaus zu erweitern. Darüber hinaus hat der Querschnittcharakter ein Experimentieren mit Governanceformen angeregt, sowie die Schaffung von mehr Partizipationsmöglichkeiten für ältere Bürger und die Erstellung ressortübergreifender lokaler Alterungsstrategien. Die starken Eingriffe der Nationalregierung in lokale Steuerungstätigkeiten befördern einerseits die Auseinandersetzung mit der Alterung, andererseits führen sie auch zu oberflächlichen und wenig nachhaltigen Reaktionen. Insgesamt bietet die Dissertation detailliertes empirisches Wissen zur Stadtentwicklung für eine alternde Bevölkerung. Die theoretischen Perspektiven lokale Governance und kollektives Lernen wurden genutzt um generalisierbare Ergebnisse aus den Erfahrungen in den drei Fallstudiengemeinden zu gewinnen. Abschließend werden Handlungsempfehlungen für Praktiker auf der lokalen und nationalen Ebene abgeleitet.

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