Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ian Navarro Oliveira Silva.pdf: 13992865 bytes, checksum: 3fb42d160388c2c413d403a6853241b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-19 / This research aims to check the influence of implementation of the program “Building the school Agenda 21” in the conceptions and practices of environmental education of teachers in state schools in the municipality of Fernandes Pinheiro/PR between the years of 2005 and 2009, and how they reflect in the exercise of territoriality of the students. Although accepted by consensus, environmental education has multiple theoretical and methodological conceptions resulting from political and economic interests of social groups related to them. The School Agenda 21 requires discussion in schools of the environmental issue with a view to the understanding through environmental education. Understanding how environmental education programs are constructed in schools, as they are perceived and developed by teachers and which are the results for the students, can contribute to the improvement and effectiveness of these programs and to the understanding and overcoming the environmental issue. Is this research, deductive, they were used as techniques the documentary and bibliographic research, to prepare the theoretical reference and analysis and discussion of results, and standardized interviews with teachers of schools for data collection, qualitative, treaty of through content analysis, about their views and environmental education practices, as well as the desired results and the ones already reached with students. The obtained results allow us to identify characteristics of the construction processes of School Agenda 21 and teachers training in environmental education, which reflect in their conceptions and practices and also in the exercise of territoriality of the students. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar a influência da implementação do programa Construindo a Agenda 21 Escolar nas concepções e práticas de educação ambiental dos professores em estabelecimentos de ensino da rede pública estadual de Fernandes Pinheiro/PR, entre 2005 e 2009, e como estas refletem no exercício da territorialidade dos educandos. Apesar de consensualmente aceita, a educação ambiental apresenta múltiplas concepções teórico-metodológicas resultantes dos interesses político-econômicos dos grupos sociais à elas relacionados. A Agenda 21 Escolar pressupõe a discussão, nos estabelecimentos de ensino, da questão ambiental com vistas à sua compreensão através da educação ambiental. Compreender como os programas de educação ambiental são construídos nos estabelecimentos de ensino, como são percebidos e desenvolvidos pelos professores e quais seus resultados para os educandos, pode contribuir para o aprimoramento e efetividade destes programas e para a compreensão e busca da superação da questão ambiental. Nesta pesquisa dedutiva foram utilizadas como técnicas as pesquisas documental e bibliográfica, para elaboração do referencial teórico, e entrevistas padronizadas com os professores dos estabelecimentos de ensino para coleta de dados qualitativos, tratados através de análise de conteúdo, sobre suas concepções e práticas de educação ambiental, assim como os resultados pretendidos e alcançados junto aos educandos. Os resultados obtidos permitem identificar características dos processos de construção da Agenda 21 Escolar e de capacitação dos professores em educação ambiental, que refletem em suas concepções e práticas e no exercício da territorialidade dos educandos. Palavras-chave: Agenda 21 Escolar; Educação Ambiental; Territorialidade.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A capital cearense ocupa os segundos piores lugares nas listas de acesso adequado à Ãgua, com 88,5%, e ao esgoto, com 71,1%, segundo a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de DomicÃlios realizada em 2007. Estes dados reforÃaram ainda mais a emergÃncia para a viabilidade da obra de construÃÃo do Conjunto Habitacional Rosalina, comunidade caracterizada como Ãrea de risco em Fortaleza. Assim, em Abril de 2007, a AssociaÃÃo Civil Alternativa Terrazul com apoio da Prefeitura Municipal de Fortaleza e da AssociaÃÃo de Moradores da Comunidade da Rosalina iniciou o processo de construÃÃo e implementaÃÃo da Agenda 21 Local, simultaneamente ao inÃcio das obras. Este trabalho observa o desenvolvimento desse processo, empregando uma metodologia que parte da coleta de dados primÃrios e secundÃrios, respectivamente, de forma indireta e direta, culminando com uma anÃlise tÃcnica crÃtica dos aspectos saneamento e habitaÃÃo, dentro do universo de pesquisa compreendido entre Abril de 2007 à Junho de 2009. O diagnÃstico prÃvio, ou dados primÃrios da pesquisa, formou a base para o desenvolvimento de um questionÃrio, aplicado de forma direta a uma amostra da populaÃÃo da Comunidade da Rosalina. Da anÃlise das respostas, resultou os dados secundÃrios, complementados com consultas aos ÃrgÃos responsÃveis pela obra, como tambÃm, entrevistas com lÃderes comunitÃrios locais. Observou-se que o processo de planejamento e diagnÃstico participativo ou Agenda 21 nÃo substitui planejamentos convencionais polÃtico-governamentais, pois sua implementaÃÃo une-se aos mesmos para se fortalecer na execuÃÃo de seus compromissos, tornando estes planos mais reais e vinculados à populaÃÃo. / The capital from Ceara, be situated in the second worst place on the appropriated water access lists with 88,5 %, and on the sewage system with 71,1%, according to National Research for Sample Residences - 2007. These informations confirm the emergency to viability of construction of the housing development Rosalina, district considerated as risck area in Fortaleza. Like this, AssociaÃÃo Civil Alternativa Terrazul, with the support from City Hall of Fortaleza and AssociaÃÃo de Moradores da Comunidade da Rosalina started the process of construction and implementation of the local Agenda 21, simultaneously the beginning of the construction. This paper observes the development of this process, using a methodology of primary and secondary data collection, direct and indirectly, ending with the technical and critical analysis of the environmental sanitation and habitation aspects, considering the research universe between April 2007 and June 2009. The previous diagnosis, or the primary data became the base for the development of a questionnaire, applied directly in a sample of Rosalina community. The answers analysis gave rise the secondary data, supplemented with consultation the people in charge of the building work, also local community leaderships. Observed that the planning process and participatory diagnosis or Agenda 21 donât replace the conventional political and government plannings, because your implementation joins them to strengthen in the execution of your obligations, becoming this plans more real and attached to the population.

This thesis deals with the Local Agenda 21 (MA21) and its impact to the municipality development. The Local Agenda 21 was derived from The Agenda 21, the main document of sustainable development agreed by UN in 1992. It is generally known that society development, population growth and growing peoples needs meet the limited quantities of the resources. Exactly this conflict between unlimited peoples wants and the limited amount of the resources has led to creating the Agenda 21 which was the reaction to unreasonable wastage of the resources and to environment deterioration. Local Agenda 21 is a blueprint paper for local authorities and its main aim is to achieve sustainable development in the particular area. Efficient usage of the resources may be seen as a proper solution. International project Healthy cities (WHO) operates with principles of sustainable development. The theoretical recourse may be found in the first part of the thesis. The practical implementation of MA21 principles (they are derived from principles of sustainable development) in Pelhřimov may be found in the following part. Pelhřimov joined the mentioned project Healthy cities in 2005. It means that these municipalities should respect sustainable development, environment and citizens opinions. Healthy cities also should preserve the environment for future generation.

Práce objasňuje různé přístupy k definici trvale udržitelného rozvoje a popisuje významné konference, které s ním souvisejí. Dále se zaměřuje na analýzu indikátorů udržitelného rozvoje. Jsou vysvětleny celosvětové indikátory, společné evropské indikátory, ekologická stopa a specifické indikátory. V další části je uvedeno, jak dochází v praxi k naplnění principů udržitelného rozvoje v městě Třebíč, které je zapojeno do mezinárodního Projektu Zdravé město.

<p>Sweden is a long-term world reference country in terms of sustainable development. On the other hand, Barcelona has recently made great efforts in order to improve and to make society aware of the importance of environmental issues. Hence, it would be interesting to investigate if these efforts had succeeded in the waste’s management in Barcelona compared to other leading European cities, and particularly to the case of Gävle.</p><p>In this work, the operation of the management of the urban solid wastes of the two cities is explained.</p><p>First, the objectives marked by Agenda 21 of each locality are exposed. Next, a theoretical perspective about management, generation of wastes and types of waste treatment is provided. In the following chapter, the results of the generation of wastes, selective collection and the treatments of the wastes are shown for both the cases of Barcelona and Gävle until the 2006.</p><p>Finally, the two cities are compared and the results obtained in the management of the wastes are discussed.</p><p>The conclusion in this study is that Barcelona has improved noticeable in terms of environmentally safe management of the wastes. This has happened thanks to the efforts of the city council and of the citizens.</p><p>But It is still necessary to make a major effort by the inhabitants of Barcelona.</p>

<p>This thesis concerns how local governments use the concept sustainable development, and what the concept means. The concept of Agenda 21 and local Agenda 21 will also be discussed in this essay, because it's an instrument for local governments to specify their work towards sustainable development. I have interviewed civil servants in leading positions in the municipalities’ work with environmental questions and sustainable development. In the choice of method for this thesis, I use the qualitative method and for the interviews I chose the “semi structure way of interviewing”.</p><p>This thesis shows that local governments’ implementation of sustainable development and Agenda 21 differ between the municipalities. In one local government was the focus on an adapted local Agenda 21-document. Another local government worked with a complement to the local Agenda 21-document in shape of commitment to the Ålborg-declaration instead. An explanation to that was that the government wanted to integrate additional dimensions to the local government work with sustainable development. A third local government does not longer follow the Agenda 21-document, even though such a manual had been designed earlier. The government works with the own profession of the government employee instead, and a climate and energy strategy is now under development. The idea is that the strategy is going to be a new complement to the local Agenda 21.</p><p>The concept of sustainable development is, in a theoretical way, quite broad. This has resulted in the fact that all of the three local governments have different views to what sustainable development involves. However, this might have been the intention behind the concept of sustainable development, because you have to adapt the investment to the local level to match the own local government in the best way. All the informants agreed that the Bruntland reports’ definition of sustainable development is the starting-point for their own versions of sustainability strategies.</p>

This thesis concerns how local governments use the concept sustainable development, and what the concept means. The concept of Agenda 21 and local Agenda 21 will also be discussed in this essay, because it's an instrument for local governments to specify their work towards sustainable development. I have interviewed civil servants in leading positions in the municipalities’ work with environmental questions and sustainable development. In the choice of method for this thesis, I use the qualitative method and for the interviews I chose the “semi structure way of interviewing”. This thesis shows that local governments’ implementation of sustainable development and Agenda 21 differ between the municipalities. In one local government was the focus on an adapted local Agenda 21-document. Another local government worked with a complement to the local Agenda 21-document in shape of commitment to the Ålborg-declaration instead. An explanation to that was that the government wanted to integrate additional dimensions to the local government work with sustainable development. A third local government does not longer follow the Agenda 21-document, even though such a manual had been designed earlier. The government works with the own profession of the government employee instead, and a climate and energy strategy is now under development. The idea is that the strategy is going to be a new complement to the local Agenda 21. The concept of sustainable development is, in a theoretical way, quite broad. This has resulted in the fact that all of the three local governments have different views to what sustainable development involves. However, this might have been the intention behind the concept of sustainable development, because you have to adapt the investment to the local level to match the own local government in the best way. All the informants agreed that the Bruntland reports’ definition of sustainable development is the starting-point for their own versions of sustainability strategies.

This study focuses on the sustainable development indicators at a local level. For twenty years indicators have been validated both by the international and the French frameworks as a tool for local sustainability. Identifying and developing a set of indicators demands a reflection on the sustainable development theories and represents a passageway from theory to practice, crystallizing all the unanswered questions left or discrepancies between theories. Analyzing the content of sustainable development indicators (i.e., not how the numerical value is provided but what it measures) seem to be an interesting path to look for what dimensions and interpretations of sustainable development are taken into account by the cities and intercommunalities and how this can give clues on their interpretation of urban sustainability.  It is also an opportunity to explore how the indicators are used and if the municipalities are taking advantages of all their potentialities. After a classification and analysis of more than 1800 indicators distributed between 21 French cities and intercommunalities, several observations have been made. First of all, the different facets on sustainability are taken into account and the connections with French policies are made. However, the quality and coherence are very diverse and uneven from one city and another. The municipalities lack transparency about the evolution of indicators and they are not taking advantages of the communication potential of the indicators towards the public. Also, the indicators are rarely if ever kept on the long term so far. To sum up, indicators of sustainability at a local level represent a way to push the debates and views over sustainable development on a new level.  But they are also encountering obstacles from a lack of knowledge and because of the difficulty to define and apply sustainable development. If knowledge and pedagogy are slowly spreading, much is left to learn about how to create a shareable vision of the future as well as common values and a common culture within a community.

Sweden is a long-term world reference country in terms of sustainable development. On the other hand, Barcelona has recently made great efforts in order to improve and to make society aware of the importance of environmental issues. Hence, it would be interesting to investigate if these efforts had succeeded in the waste’s management in Barcelona compared to other leading European cities, and particularly to the case of Gävle. In this work, the operation of the management of the urban solid wastes of the two cities is explained. First, the objectives marked by Agenda 21 of each locality are exposed. Next, a theoretical perspective about management, generation of wastes and types of waste treatment is provided. In the following chapter, the results of the generation of wastes, selective collection and the treatments of the wastes are shown for both the cases of Barcelona and Gävle until the 2006. Finally, the two cities are compared and the results obtained in the management of the wastes are discussed. The conclusion in this study is that Barcelona has improved noticeable in terms of environmentally safe management of the wastes. This has happened thanks to the efforts of the city council and of the citizens. But It is still necessary to make a major effort by the inhabitants of Barcelona.

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