Žuvininkystės politika yra kompleksiška sritis, kurioje būtinas balansas tarp socialinių, ekonominių ir aplinkosauginių priemonių, kurios yra neatsiejamos viena nuo kitos. Ekonomikos augimas, darbo vietų stabilumas, verslo plėtra tiesiogiai priklauso nuo žuvų išteklių apsaugos efektyvumo. Lietuva, 2004 m. prisijungusi prie Europos Sąjungos, prisiėmė pareigą ir atsakomybę prisidėti prie bendrosios žuvininkystės politikos įgyvendinimo, tad nors žuvininkystės pramonė Lietuvoje yra nedidelė veiklos šaka, Lietuvos, kaip ir kitų ES šalių, veiksmai prisideda prie bendro siekio – darnios žuvininkystės sektoriaus plėtros. Lietuvoje į žuvininkystės politikos formavimą ir įgyvendinimą įtraukiamos įvairios mokslo ir tyrimo institucijos, tačiau jos vykdo taikomojo pobūdžio tyrimus apie žuvų išteklių ir vandens telkinių būklę, tuo tarpu žuvininkystės politikos formavimas ir įgyvendinimas yra menkai ištirta sritis. Tačiau tarp institucijų egzistuoja horizontalūs ir vertikalūs santykiai, nuo kurių priklauso žuvininkystės politikos formavimas ir įgyvendinimas. Verslinės žvejybos kontrolė yra plačiai reglamentuota ir itin reikšminga žuvininkystės politikos dalis, todėl siekiant užtikrinti efektyvų jos įgyvendinimą svarbu išanalizuoti kontrolės sistemos problemas. Taigi šio darbo tikslas yra ištirti ES bendrosios žuvininkystės politikos įgyvendinimą Lietuvoje verslinės žvejybos kontrolės srityje. Darbą sudaro 5 dalys. Pirmoje darbo dalyje ES bendroji žuvininkystės politika nagrinėjama... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Fisheries policy is a complex subject; therefore balance between social, economical and environmental instruments takes important role at this topic. Economic growth, stability of labor market and business development is directly related with efficiency of fish resources protection. In 2004 Lithuanian became European Union member and took obligation and responsibility to take part in the Common Fisheries policy. Although Lithuanian fisheries industry is small in compeer to EU, but it is as important as any other EU member state actions for common aim – sustainable development of fisheries sector. In Lithuanian various science and research institutions are involved Fisheries policy process but those institutions perform empirical researches on conditions of fish and water resources. Meanwhile Fisheries policy is under researched subject. Horizontal and vertical relations existing between institutions have impact on quality of Common Fisheries Policy formation and implantation. Commercial Fisheries control takes a significant part in fisheries policy and is strongly regulated; therefore to ensure successful implementation of policy it is important to analyze problems of control system. The aim of this thesis is to analyze European Union Common Fisheries policy implementation in Lithuanian commercial fisheries control mechanism. The first chapter analyzes EU common fisheries policy by institutionalism and agent – principal theories. This chapter discusses E. Ostrom, S. Jentoft... [to full text]

就現階段的企業經營型態而言，專業人才的良窳以及培育訓練可能遠勝於公司有形資產的多寡，這種情形在高科技產業尤其明顯。企業為了留住優秀人才，必須提供許多激勵措施。就我國企業而言，最普遍的激勵措施是員工分紅配股制度。然而，在此制度下，容易產生員工短視近利的缺失。歐美等國較常採行所謂的股票選擇權制度，由於此種制度具有激勵未來的特性，屬於「長期的激勵因子」，更能使員工與股東的利益趨於一致。因此，財政部為順應高科技產業的需求，於民國八十九年准許上市公司實施員工股票選擇權制度，此制度開放後，勢必影響到我國企業對於員工長短期激勵誘因的最適決策。 　本文的主要目的在於利用訊息理論中的「代理模型」，探討股東與員工雙方在「訊息不對稱」下，股東如何設計最適的員工激勵契約。站在股東極大化期望財富的立場，建構一套綜合現金、股票以及股票選擇權的理論模型，並經由模型運算推演，試圖達到下列的研究目的：(1) 在長短期激勵誘因契約下，分別推導出最適員工誘因強度、最適基本薪資以及最適員工努力水準；(2) 比較長短期激勵誘因的最適員工努力水準，驗證股票選擇權制度是否具有提高員工努力程度的激勵效果；(3) 站在股東與員工各自追求期望財富極大化的立場，探討雙方對長短期誘因制度的偏好。 　經由模型分析，可得到以下幾點結論：(1) 員工努力程度不受長短期激勵誘因的影響，股票選擇權的作用或許只在於留住人才以及加深員工對公司的忠誠度；(2) 股東在擬定最適長短期激勵誘因強度時，必須考量公司股本大小、員工對風險的趨避態度、努力投入的成本係數以及景氣波動對公司未來收益的影響；(3) 影響員工最適認股權證比率的大小，除了上述提到的因素外，還包括認股權證的避險比率，股東可以藉由觀察公司股價的高低，以協助長短期激勵誘因的決策擬定；(4) 股東與員工基於期望財富極大化的立場，對於長短期誘因契約的偏好會產生利益不一致的現象，雙方面臨的是一場無法達到雙贏局面的零合遊戲。

South Africa adopted the democratic decentralisation governance model in 1994 with the aim of improving, inter alia, service delivery. The adoption of this model resulted in the establishment of three spheres of government, namely, national, provincial and local. These three government spheres are distinctive, interdependent, interrelated and autonomous. Power and responsibilities are devolved from the national to the provincial and then to the local government spheres. Cooperative government and intergovernmental relations structures in the three spheres of government were established in order to improve service delivery and to assist in the execution of the devolved powers. However, the results of this study revealed that the structures which had been established were not effective in addressing the housing challenges facing the Bushbuckridge Local Municipality (BLM). The results also revealed that each government sphere executed its housing mandatory responsibilities only when a housing project was launched or implemented in the BLM. During housing project implementation, the BLM was responsible for evaluation, the Mpumalanga Provincial Department of Human Settlements (MPDHS) was responsible for contracting a housing service provider and for payments while the National Department of Human Settlements (NDHS) was responsible for quality of the houses and compliance to national housing standards. In addition, the BLM had an inspection unit and the NDHS was supposed to work closely with the National Home Builders Registration Council (NHBRC). However, the houses provided had defects ranging from cracked walls and floors, leaking roofs, leaking pipes to fading paint. The main role of the NHBRC is to check the quality or adequacy of public houses before they are allocated to the targeted beneficiaries. / Public Administration / D. Admin. (Public Administration)