A competência em gerenciamento de projetos (GP) é reconhecida como um fator crítico para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos e possuir sistemas de informação adequados é um quesito fundamental para apoiá-la. Há uma disponibilidade de ferramentas e em contrapartida, um número significativo de críticas à sua utilização, especialmente no caso de produtos inovadores e complexos. O trabalho tem por objetivo identificar os desafios a serem enfrentados para o desenvolvimento de ferramentas de software para apoiar práticas com esse enfoque. Empregou-se a revisão bibliográfica combinada com o estudo de caso múltiplo. Compilou-se os desafios apontados na literatura, revisando os temas: colaboração, gerenciamento ágil de projetos e softwares para gerenciamento de projetos. O resultado, organizado segundo as áreas de processo do PMI, foi comparado com problemas reais, coletados por meio do método de estudo de caso. O setor de bens de capital foi escolhido para garantir a complexidade dos projetos (número de peças do produto e presença de colaboração). A unidade de análise é o sistema de informação para gerenciamento dos projetos (SIGP) de cada empresa. Descreveu-se o SIGP e o papel dos softwares de GP, de forma a identificar os desafios e classificá-los segundo áreas de conhecimento de GP. Os instrumentos utilizados foram roteiros de entrevistas, observações e análise de documentos. Os desafios foram confrontados com o esforço da comunidade científica, identificado por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica, classificada segundo as mesmas áreas de GP. Ao final, comparam-se os desafios das empresas com a teoria e identifica-se uma lista de requisitos para o desenvolvimento de softwares na área. A análise indica também que as ferramentas de GP são utilizadas de forma restrita na indústria de bens de capital e que há discordâncias entre o esforço dos pesquisadores e necessidades dos profissionais da área. Por fim, esta pesquisa identifica como temas relevantes: a integração de dados, o desenvolvimento de funcionalidades de aquisição e de gerenciamento de interfaces, riscos, recursos e multiprojetos. / The project management competence has been recognized as a critical factor to develop new products. Information systems are a fundamental factor to support it. There is an exceptional amount of tools. In opposition there are a significant number of critics about its utilization, in special in projects like innovative and collaborative product projects. The critics pointed needs for new methods and practices to support the agile project management. This research aims to identify challenges of developing project management tool to support this approach. The method used combines a bibliographical review with a multiple case study. The literature challenges were compiled, reviewing the themes: collaboration, agile project management and project management software. The result, organized by PMI process areas, was compared with case study real problems. The capital goods (BK) sector was chosen to ensure the projects complexity (by the product and collaboration presence). The analysis unit is the project management information system (PMIS) of each company. The PMIS and the role of the project management software were described to identify the challenges and classify them according to project management areas. The data collection instruments are plan interview, non-participant observations and document analysis. The challenges were faced with the scientific community effort, identified through a literature review and classified according to the same areas of PM. Following, the challenges of companies was compared with the literature and a requirement list is identified to develop PM software. The analysis indicates that the PM tools used in the BK industry are restricted. There is a mismatch between the researcher efforts and necessities of professionals in the area. Finally, this research identifies as relevant themes: data integration, development of acquisition features, interfaces, risks, resources and multi-projects management.

The lack of knowledge regarding the perception of risks in agile project management is evident in research. With this knowledge, this study sets out to address this issue and close the gap in knowledge regarding this issue by identifying the individual perception of risk by a project leader, SCRUM master, and two system developers, and comparing the individual appetite matrices to a unified appetite matrix created by a Delphi panel. A case study at an IT consulting firm, working with several projects in parallel, in Sweden is conducted. A risk register is used to collect the data, with the principle of assisting in creation of the risk appetite matrices. The result shows that the individual risk appetites differ significantly from the group’s unified risk appetite. The group showed itself far more risk aggressive than the individual appetite which was risk aversive in relation to the group’s appetite. The lack of RM practices is evident in smaller IT firms such as these, as there are no clear standardized approaches to the mapping or classification of risks; a far more informal approach is taken.

A visão do produto é uma descrição sucinta, metafórica e desafiadora, que emerge em uma equipe de projeto e que serve como alinhamento frente ao produto obtido no final do desenvolvimento. Há tempos é tida como fator crítico de sucesso em áreas como desenvolvimento de produto, planejamento estratégico e gerenciamento ágil de projetos. Os teóricos dessas áreas propõem definições para visão do produto e métodos para concebê-la. As definições se mostram parciais de cada área e possuem limitações como, por exemplo, alto nível de abstração o que dificulta a operacionalização do conceito. Já os métodos propostos não são capazes de sistematizar o envolvimento do cliente no processo. A pesquisa utilizou uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática na busca de métodos para visão do produto e uma exploratória para as definições de visão. As revisões embasaram a criação de um modelo conceitual de visão de produto com o intuito de definir melhor o conceito e a proposta de método desta tese. Como a definição proposta congrega as características da visão, ela serve também como medida para a avaliação da visão gerada pelo método proposto. Avaliou-se o método com a aplicação em três estudos de caso, cujos dados foram analisados qualitativamente, pelo Índice de Concordância, e pelo Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse. Os resultados indicaram que o método proposto foi considerado de fácil aplicação e bem documentado. Os usuários também se mostraram inclinados para reutilizar e recomendar o método e, além disso, concordaram que ele foi útil na sistematização do envolvimento do cliente. Os resultados do Coeficiente de Concordância Intraclasse mostraram que o método conseguiu operacionalizar praticamente todas as propriedades da visão, exceto as propriedades clara, concisa e flexível. Estudos detalhados sobre a influência de uma propriedade na outra e seu real impacto na visão propriamente dita devem ser conduzidos. A contribuição do trabalho não se concentra somente na proposição do método, mas também no modelo conceitual que define melhor o conceito e serve como medida para avaliar visões geradas por métodos com o mesmo intuito do proposto neste trabalho. / The product vision is a concise, metaphorical and challenging description that emerges in a project team and serves as alignment with the product obtained at the end of development. It is seen as a critical succees factor in areas like new poduct development, strategic planning and agile project management. Theorists from these areas propose definitions and methods to conceive it. However partial definitions are shown in each area and have limitations, eg, high level of abstraction which makes difficult to operationalize the concept. Otherwise, the proposed methods are not able to systematize the customer engagement process. Moreover the proposed methods are unable to systematize the customer involvement in the process. This research used a systematic and exploratory literature review to search product vision´s definitions and methods. The reviews based the creation of a conceptual model of product vision in order to better define the concept and the proposed method of this thesis. The proposed definition encompasses the vision characteristics and therefore it also serves as a measure for evaluation of visions generated by the proposed method. It was evaluated by applying the method in three-case studies, that the data were analyzed qualitatively, by Within-Group Interrater Agreement and by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. The results indicated that the proposed method was considered easy to use and well documented. The users were also inclined to reuse and recommend the method and, moreover, they agreed that it was useful to systematize the customer involvement. The results of the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient showed that the method was able to generate almost all properties of vision, except the properties \"clear\", \"concise\" and \"flexible\". More detailed studies about the influence of a property in another and their real impact on the view itself should be conducted. The contribution of this work focuses not only on the proposition of the method, but also the conceptual model that best defines the concept and serves as a measure to evaluate visions generated by methods like the one proposed in this thesis.

Com a expansão dos serviços digitais por meio de tecnologias móveis na última década observa-se a importância crescente da atitude de design para compreender o contexto de uso e as emergentes necessidades funcionais e emocionais dos usuários nas quais se baseia a percepção de uma boa experiência do usuário (UX). Levando em conta que a estratégia de negócio e a estrutura organizacional são determinantes para o resultado da experiência percebida pelo usuário e o consequente sucesso do serviço, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar as práticas de design nas dimensões operacional, tática e estratégica em diferentes empresas prestadoras de serviços digitais tendo em vista a identificação de padrões relacionados com a adoção da gestão de design e da estratégia de design, e qual o impacto desta adoção nas medidas de desempenho. Para isto, foi adotada como estratégia de pesquisa o levantamento teórico preliminar seguido da realização de estudos de casos múltiplos. Neste estudo de caso, foram investigadas empresas com designers e UX designers trabalhando no desenvolvimento de serviços digitais. As evidências compiladas a partir da teoria, combinadas com os padrões obtidos com os casos, resultaram em um modelo de referência sobre a geração de valor através do design, e em quatro proposições teóricas principais que mostram que as práticas de design executadas pelas áreas de experiência do usuário possuem um potencial de integração interdisciplinar e geração de novas ideias propício para melhorar a sinergia e o resultado de uma equipe ágil de projetos, gerando insumo para decisões estratégicas e potencialmente valorizando a determinação de métricas de uso e engajamento. / With the expansion of digital services through mobile technologies viewed on the last decade, it can be observed the growing importance of the design attitude to understand the context of use and the emerging functional and emotional needs of the users on which the perception of a good user experience (UX) is based on. Taking into account that the business strategy and the organizational structure are determinant to the result of the experience perceived by the user and the consequent success of the service, this research had as main objective to investigate the practices of design in the operational, tactical and strategic dimensions on different digital service companies in order to identify the standards related to the adoption of design management and design strategy, and the impact of this adoption on performance measures. Following this purpose, the preliminary theoretical survey followed by multiple case studies was adopted as a research strategy. In this case study, we investigated companies with designers and UX designers working on the development of digital services. Evidence compiled from the theory combined with the patterns obtained with the cases resulted in a reference model on value generation through design, and in four main theoretical propositions that shows that design practices performed by the user experience departments have the potential for interdisciplinary integration and generation of new ideas conducive to improving the synergy and the result of an agile project team, generating input for strategic decisions and potentially valuing the determination of metrics to follow use and engagement.

A visão do produto é uma descrição sucinta, metafórica e desafiadora, que emerge em uma equipe de projeto e que serve como alinhamento frente ao produto obtido no final do desenvolvimento. Há tempos é tida como fator crítico de sucesso em áreas como desenvolvimento de produto, planejamento estratégico e gerenciamento ágil de projetos. Os teóricos dessas áreas propõem definições para visão do produto e métodos para concebê-la. As definições se mostram parciais de cada área e possuem limitações como, por exemplo, alto nível de abstração o que dificulta a operacionalização do conceito. Já os métodos propostos não são capazes de sistematizar o envolvimento do cliente no processo. A pesquisa utilizou uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática na busca de métodos para visão do produto e uma exploratória para as definições de visão. As revisões embasaram a criação de um modelo conceitual de visão de produto com o intuito de definir melhor o conceito e a proposta de método desta tese. Como a definição proposta congrega as características da visão, ela serve também como medida para a avaliação da visão gerada pelo método proposto. Avaliou-se o método com a aplicação em três estudos de caso, cujos dados foram analisados qualitativamente, pelo Índice de Concordância, e pelo Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse. Os resultados indicaram que o método proposto foi considerado de fácil aplicação e bem documentado. Os usuários também se mostraram inclinados para reutilizar e recomendar o método e, além disso, concordaram que ele foi útil na sistematização do envolvimento do cliente. Os resultados do Coeficiente de Concordância Intraclasse mostraram que o método conseguiu operacionalizar praticamente todas as propriedades da visão, exceto as propriedades clara, concisa e flexível. Estudos detalhados sobre a influência de uma propriedade na outra e seu real impacto na visão propriamente dita devem ser conduzidos. A contribuição do trabalho não se concentra somente na proposição do método, mas também no modelo conceitual que define melhor o conceito e serve como medida para avaliar visões geradas por métodos com o mesmo intuito do proposto neste trabalho. / The product vision is a concise, metaphorical and challenging description that emerges in a project team and serves as alignment with the product obtained at the end of development. It is seen as a critical succees factor in areas like new poduct development, strategic planning and agile project management. Theorists from these areas propose definitions and methods to conceive it. However partial definitions are shown in each area and have limitations, eg, high level of abstraction which makes difficult to operationalize the concept. Otherwise, the proposed methods are not able to systematize the customer engagement process. Moreover the proposed methods are unable to systematize the customer involvement in the process. This research used a systematic and exploratory literature review to search product vision´s definitions and methods. The reviews based the creation of a conceptual model of product vision in order to better define the concept and the proposed method of this thesis. The proposed definition encompasses the vision characteristics and therefore it also serves as a measure for evaluation of visions generated by the proposed method. It was evaluated by applying the method in three-case studies, that the data were analyzed qualitatively, by Within-Group Interrater Agreement and by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. The results indicated that the proposed method was considered easy to use and well documented. The users were also inclined to reuse and recommend the method and, moreover, they agreed that it was useful to systematize the customer involvement. The results of the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient showed that the method was able to generate almost all properties of vision, except the properties \"clear\", \"concise\" and \"flexible\". More detailed studies about the influence of a property in another and their real impact on the view itself should be conducted. The contribution of this work focuses not only on the proposition of the method, but also the conceptual model that best defines the concept and serves as a measure to evaluate visions generated by methods like the one proposed in this thesis.

<p>AbstractPurposeTo study which and how project management methodologies are applied in consulting firmsApproachThe study begins by reviewing literature on Traditional Project Management (TPM) andAgile Project Management (APM) methodologies ending with characteristics of the twomethodologies that identify a project as applying one methodology or another. The literaturethen reviews the nature of consulting firms emphasising on elements such as the professional,professional services and professional service firms before reviewing how projects areimplemented in consulting firms. A case study design is adopted and semi-structuredinterviews were conducted with PricewaterhouseCoopers-Ghana staff. Patterns from theinterviews are identified and compared with the characteristics of both Traditional and Agileproject management before drawing conclusions on which methodologies are applied andhow they are applied. Since APM is presumed to deal with problems of TPM in complexenvironments, challenges in applying TPM in consulting firms are assessed and the extent towhich APM responds to those challenges are also discussed.FindingsThe findings indicate that TPM is applied in consulting firms mainly for structured projects,whilst APM methods are also applied for some structured projects but very much forunstructured and ‘executory’ projects. APM also deals with some challenges of TPM butthose which are organisation related are not solved by applying APM methods.Research limitationThe limited number of people interviewed for this research is one key issue that limitsgeneralization to all consulting firms. However, it is hoped that this work serves as a basis forfurther research in this field.Practical implicationsThe study shows that whilst TPM will continuously be applied in consulting firms due to thenature of some projects, APM can also be applied to the benefit of consulting projects that areunstructured and ‘executory’. Therefore consulting firms do not need to ‘force’ structure intoall projects.Paper typeMasters Thesis – Research paperKeywordsTraditional project management, agile project management, consulting firms, professional,professional service, professional service firms</p>

AbstractPurposeTo study which and how project management methodologies are applied in consulting firmsApproachThe study begins by reviewing literature on Traditional Project Management (TPM) andAgile Project Management (APM) methodologies ending with characteristics of the twomethodologies that identify a project as applying one methodology or another. The literaturethen reviews the nature of consulting firms emphasising on elements such as the professional,professional services and professional service firms before reviewing how projects areimplemented in consulting firms. A case study design is adopted and semi-structuredinterviews were conducted with PricewaterhouseCoopers-Ghana staff. Patterns from theinterviews are identified and compared with the characteristics of both Traditional and Agileproject management before drawing conclusions on which methodologies are applied andhow they are applied. Since APM is presumed to deal with problems of TPM in complexenvironments, challenges in applying TPM in consulting firms are assessed and the extent towhich APM responds to those challenges are also discussed.FindingsThe findings indicate that TPM is applied in consulting firms mainly for structured projects,whilst APM methods are also applied for some structured projects but very much forunstructured and ‘executory’ projects. APM also deals with some challenges of TPM butthose which are organisation related are not solved by applying APM methods.Research limitationThe limited number of people interviewed for this research is one key issue that limitsgeneralization to all consulting firms. However, it is hoped that this work serves as a basis forfurther research in this field.Practical implicationsThe study shows that whilst TPM will continuously be applied in consulting firms due to thenature of some projects, APM can also be applied to the benefit of consulting projects that areunstructured and ‘executory’. Therefore consulting firms do not need to ‘force’ structure intoall projects.Paper typeMasters Thesis – Research paperKeywordsTraditional project management, agile project management, consulting firms, professional,professional service, professional service firms

Within Scrum framework the role of the product owner is critical for the success of a Scrum project. Today, there exist little empirical evidence of how the role of product owner is practiced and the challenges they are faced with. This research seeks through a multiple-case study approach to explore the role of product owners. The aim of the research was to investigate the existence of a gap between theory and practice in terms of the product owner role. Qualitative data collection consisted of eight semi-structured interviews with product owners and agile coaches which then was analyzed according to what theory of the role suggests. Results showed partly multiple factors confirming a gap, for example regarding vision, prioritizing and communication, and challenges that arise from the gap, for example concerning decision-making.

A challenge in Lean Construction is how to make it applicable when there is a high degree of complexity and uncertainty. In many construction projects there are changing project requirements, unique products and a need for actions that are highly focused on meeting customer/client expectations. Such scenarios require management methods that are characterised by being flexible and able to react to change. The aim of this thesis is to introduce a method that has such characteristics. Project Management, Lean and Agile paradigms are merged through the application of the fission and fusion approach of nuclear physics. This research is facilitated through a sequential explorative method. In the first instance, interviews with 22 practitioners in the fields of construction project management, Lean and Agile have been conducted. Then a quantitative self-administered questionnaire with 213 useful responses has been utilised to validate the transferability of the interview findings. It is concluded that Lean is not ideally suited to dealing with the dynamic nature of construction projects. Agile methods, which were developed to cope with the high levels of uncertainty inherent to IT projects, are more flexible and able to react to change. Hence utilising Agile-based methods might be the key to the successful utilization of Lean in construction. Therefore a management method based on combining Lean and Agile approaches has potential. Such an approach needs creative thinking to develop a solution that is different to that of “Leagile”. Leagile uses Lean and Agile methods in the execution phase sequentially, through using a decoupling point model to separate the two. This thesis introduces a new paradigm in which such a decoupling or separation does not take place. Rather, project management, Lean and Agile have been merged together to develop a new holistic and strategic framework. The paradigm presented in this thesis is termed “AgiLean Project Management”.

Com a expansão dos serviços digitais por meio de tecnologias móveis na última década observa-se a importância crescente da atitude de design para compreender o contexto de uso e as emergentes necessidades funcionais e emocionais dos usuários nas quais se baseia a percepção de uma boa experiência do usuário (UX). Levando em conta que a estratégia de negócio e a estrutura organizacional são determinantes para o resultado da experiência percebida pelo usuário e o consequente sucesso do serviço, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar as práticas de design nas dimensões operacional, tática e estratégica em diferentes empresas prestadoras de serviços digitais tendo em vista a identificação de padrões relacionados com a adoção da gestão de design e da estratégia de design, e qual o impacto desta adoção nas medidas de desempenho. Para isto, foi adotada como estratégia de pesquisa o levantamento teórico preliminar seguido da realização de estudos de casos múltiplos. Neste estudo de caso, foram investigadas empresas com designers e UX designers trabalhando no desenvolvimento de serviços digitais. As evidências compiladas a partir da teoria, combinadas com os padrões obtidos com os casos, resultaram em um modelo de referência sobre a geração de valor através do design, e em quatro proposições teóricas principais que mostram que as práticas de design executadas pelas áreas de experiência do usuário possuem um potencial de integração interdisciplinar e geração de novas ideias propício para melhorar a sinergia e o resultado de uma equipe ágil de projetos, gerando insumo para decisões estratégicas e potencialmente valorizando a determinação de métricas de uso e engajamento. / With the expansion of digital services through mobile technologies viewed on the last decade, it can be observed the growing importance of the design attitude to understand the context of use and the emerging functional and emotional needs of the users on which the perception of a good user experience (UX) is based on. Taking into account that the business strategy and the organizational structure are determinant to the result of the experience perceived by the user and the consequent success of the service, this research had as main objective to investigate the practices of design in the operational, tactical and strategic dimensions on different digital service companies in order to identify the standards related to the adoption of design management and design strategy, and the impact of this adoption on performance measures. Following this purpose, the preliminary theoretical survey followed by multiple case studies was adopted as a research strategy. In this case study, we investigated companies with designers and UX designers working on the development of digital services. Evidence compiled from the theory combined with the patterns obtained with the cases resulted in a reference model on value generation through design, and in four main theoretical propositions that shows that design practices performed by the user experience departments have the potential for interdisciplinary integration and generation of new ideas conducive to improving the synergy and the result of an agile project team, generating input for strategic decisions and potentially valuing the determination of metrics to follow use and engagement.