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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Effets neuroprotecteurs de l'exercice volontaire et de modulateurs monoaminergiques chez le rat mâle stressé / Neuroprotective effects of voluntary exercise and monoaminergic modulators in stressed male rats

Lapmanee, Sarawut 07 June 2017 (has links)
L’excès de glucocorticoïdes lors d’un stress prolongé perturbe la neurotransmission monoaminergique et mène à des troubles de l’humeur et de la mémoire. La Venlafaxine (Vlx) et l’Agomelatine (Ago) sont utilisés pour traiter ces troubles. L’exercice physique volontaire est aussi bénéfique pour la santé mentale. Nous avons analysé 1. les changements de l’humeur induits par le stress en fonction du temps, 2. l’effet de l’exercice volontaire sur l’axe hypothalamo-pituitaire, 3. l’efficacité de l’Ago, de la Vlx et de l’exercice à prévenir les perturbations liées au stress et 4. la localisation des récepteurs MT1 et MT2 chez des souris rapportrices transgéniques. Nous démontrons que le stress induit des dérèglements physiques, émotionnels et comportementaux chez des rats stressés. Le prétraitement par l’Ago, la Vlx et l’exercice préviennent l’anxiété, la dépression et les déficits de mémoire. La cartographie des récepteurs MT1 et MT2 a identifié des sites d’action potentiels de l’Ago. / In long-term stress exposure, excess glucocorticoids disturb the balance of monoamine neurotransmitters leading to mood disorders and memory impairment. Venlafaxine and Agomelatin are currently used to treat these disorders. Voluntary exercise also has beneficial effects on mental health. In this work, we analyzed 1. the time-dependent changes in stress-induced mood disorders, 2. the modulating effect of voluntary exercise on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, 3. the effectiveness of Agomelatin, Venlafaxine and exercise to prevent stress-related behaviors and 4. the localization of MT1 and MT2 receptors in transgenic reporter mice. We demonstrate that stress caused physical, emotional and behavioral abnormalities in stressed rats. Pre-treatment with Agomelatin, Venlafaxine and exercise reduced the chronic stress-related behaviors and prevented anxiety, depression and memory deficits. The mapping of MT1 and MT2 receptors identified potential sites of action of Agomelatin.
12

Monitorização terapêutica da agomelatina, sertralina e venlafaxina / Therapeutic monitoring of agomelatine, sertraline and venlafaxine

Bruna Cordeiro Santos de Moura 04 December 2014 (has links)
Atualmente, a quantidade de pacientes que são diagnosticados com alguma forma de depressão, entre elas, o transtorno depressivo maior, aumenta consideravelmente, quer seja em razão de diagnósticos mais precisos ou pela própria epidemiologia da doença. Acresça-se o fato de que muitos pacientes, apesar da quantidade de tipos de antidepressivos atualmente disponíveis para a terapêutica, são refratários ao tratamento prescrito, em razão dos efeitos adversos apresentados ou ainda em razão de simplesmente não se observar melhora com a prescrição. Em razão disso, novos tratamentos farmacológicos são disponibilizados. Para auxiliar na máxima eficácia em sua utilização, esse trabalho propôs o desenvolvimento de metodologia analítica para a determinação simultânea de antidepressivos tricíclicos e não tricíclicos, a saber: moclobemida, venlafaxina, citalopram, agomelatina, duloxetina, amitriptilina e sertralina em plasma humano por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC), para posteriormente ser aplicada na monitorização de pacientes depressivos. O método consistiu na extração líquido-líquido com recuperação entre 73% a 86%, exceto para a moclobemida (55%). A separação foi obtida usando uma coluna em fase reversa LiChrospher® 60 RP-select B em LichroCART 250mm x 4mm, 5 ?m de diâmetro interno, Merck sob condições isocráticas com detecção em UV em 230 nm, com fase móvel composta por 35% de uma mistura de acetonitrila/metanol 55/5 v/v e 65% de tampão acetato 0,25M pH 4,4. As curvas padrão foram lineares em uma faixa de trabalho de 2,5-1000 ng/mL para moclobemida, 5-2000 ng/mL para venlafaxina, citalopram, agomelatina, duloxetina e amitriptilina, 10-2000 ng/mL para sertralina. A precisão intra e interensaios foi efetuada em 3 concentrações (50, 200 e 500 ng/mL). Os coeficientes de variação para a precisão intraensaio foram menores que 8,8% para todos os compostos e os coeficientes de variação para a precisão interensaios foram menores que 8,6%. Os limites de quantificação foram de 2,5 ng/mL para a moclobemida, 5 ng/mL para venlafaxina, citalopram, duloxetina, agomelatina, amitriptilina e 10 ng/mL para sertralina com a etidocaína como padrão interno. Não se observou qualquer interferência das drogas normalmente associadas com antidepressivos. O método desenvolvido foi aplicado na monitorização de 79 pacientes em tratamento prolongado com amitriptilina, sertralina e venlafaxina. Paralelamente, foram avaliadas as concentrações plasmáticas de pacientes voluntários sadios submetidos a tratamento em dose única com agomelatina. A monitorização terapêutica se faz necessária para monitorar adesão ao tratamento já que a depressão está entre as principais causas mundiais de morbidade por incapacitação social e estimativa de prevalência crescente até 2030; caracterizando-se como um dos maiores e mais onerosos problemas de saúde pública. / Currently, the number of patients who are diagnosed with some form of depression, among them, major depressive disorder, increases considerably, either because of more accurate diagnosis or by the epidemiology of the disease. One should add the fact that many patients, despite the amount of types of antidepressants currently available for therapy are refractory to the treatment prescribed, because of the adverse effects appear, or their toxic effects, or by simply not observed improvement then the prescription. Therefore, new pharmacological treatments are available. To assist in maximum effectiveness in its use, this paper presents a methodology on HPLC for simultaneous determination of seven antidepressants, tricyclic and non-tricyclic, moclobemide, venlafaxine, citalopram, agomelatine, duloxetine, amitriptyline and sertraline in human plasma, later to be applied in monitoring depressed patients. The simple and accurate method of sample preparation consists of the liquid-liquid extraction with recovery between 73% to 86% (except for moclobemide, 55%). Separation was achieved using a reverse phase column Lichrospher® 60 RP-select B LiChroCART 4mm x 250mm, 5?m internal diameter, Merck, under isocratic conditions, with UV detection at 230nm, with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of 35% acetonitrile:methanol 55/5 (v/v) and 65% 0.25M acetate buffer, pH 4.4. The standard curves were linear in the working range of 2,5-1000 ng/mL for moclobemide, 5-2000 ng/mL to venlafaxine, citalopram, agomelatine, duloxetine and amitriptyline and 10-2000ng/mL to sertraline. The intra and interassay precisions were performed at three concentrations (50, 200 and 500 ng/mL). The coefficients of variation for intra-assay precision were less than 8.6% for all compounds and the coefficients of variation for interassay precision were lower than 8.5%. The limits of quantification were 2.5 ng/mL for moclobemide, 5 ng/mL for venlafaxine, citalopram, duloxetine, agomelatine, amitriptyline and 10 ng/mL for sertraline. No interference of drugs normally associated with antidepressants was observed. The developed method was applied to the monitoring of 79 patients receiving prolonged treatment with amitriptyline, sertraline and venlafaxine. And, the plasma concentrations of healthy volunteer patients undergoing single dose agomelatine were evaluated. Therapeutic drug monitoring, is to ensure maximum clinical efficacy coupled with minimal adverse effects in patients undergoing long-term therapy is needed and to monitor adherence to treatment since depression is among the major causes of morbidity and social disability increasing prevalence estimate of 2030; characterized as one of the largest and most costly public health problems

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