Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Paris, 1901.

Thesis (M. Div.)--Grace Theological Seminary, 1986. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-59).

Thesis (M. Div.)--Grace Theological Seminary, 1986. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-59).

The Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) was adopted to eliminate the illegitimate use of tradedistorting agricultural subsidies and thereby reduce and avoid the negative effects subsidies have on global agricultural trade. However, the AoA has been fashioned in a way that is enabling developed countries to continue high levels of protectionism through subsidization, whilst many developing countries are facing severe and often damaging competition from imports artificially cheapened through subsidies. The regulation of subsidies in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has been a highly sensitive issue. This is mainly due to the fear of compromising food security especially by developed countries. Developing countries have suffered negatively from the subsidy programmes of developed countries who continue to subsidize their agricultural sector. This position of the developing countries in the global trade system which has been described as weak, has drawn criticism that the WTO as it currently operates does not protect the interests of the weak developing nations, but rather strengthens the interests of the strong developed nations. The green box provisions which are specifically designed to regulate payments that are considered trade neutral or minimally trade distorting has grossly been manipulated by developed countries at the mercy of the AoA. Developed countries continue to provide trade distorting subsidies under the guise of green box support. This is defeating the aims and objectives of the AoA. The study examines the regulation of WTO agricultural subsidies from the developing countries’ belvedere. It looks at the problems WTO member states face with trade distorting subsidies, but focuses more on the impact these have on developing states. It scrutinizes the AoA’s provisions regulating subsidies with a view to identify any loopholes or shortcomings which undermine the interests and aspirations of developing countries. This is behind the background that some of the provisions of the AoA are lenient towards the needs of developed countries at the expense of developing countries.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (master's)--Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Sede Ecuador, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [119]-126).

A agricultura familiar caracteriza-se pela posse da propriedade e dos meios de produção, por trabalhadores rurais com grau de parentesco e pressupõe a distribuição igualitária da operacionalização na atividade produtiva. Dela provém a sua própria operacionalização nas relações sociais, sendo que tem por objetivo produzir, modificar e distribuir produtos, adaptando-se produtivamente diante de uma nova legislação, a Lei nº 11.947/2009. A investigação pretendeu compreender como o ofertante produtor rural da agricultura familiar, ante a Lei 11.947/2009 (PNAE), se adaptou e desenvolveu capacidades produtivas para ofertar alimentos. A análise procedida foi construída com base na concepção de realidade dos entrevistados e, em correlação com as abordagens teóricas sobre mudança e adaptação estratégica organizacional, buscou-se uma sustentação teórica adequada que pudesse explicar como essas adaptações ou mudanças ocorreram. Como estratégia de pesquisa, a entrevista presencial individual não estruturada e semiestruturada, como técnica de coleta de dados. Com base na identificação de teorias com os dados obtidos por meio da pesquisa de campo, coube ao trabalho científico de confrontamento os argumentos oferecidos, agrupando-os dentro de uma metodologia proposta, pela pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, de caráter exploratório. Os resultados evidenciam a convivência de elementos relacionados aos diferentes enfoques dos modelos de gestão da propriedade rural do agricultor familiar, com alternância dos mesmos quanto à oferta de atendimento à comercialização e outros que não possuem interesse algum em adaptar-se, ofertar ou negociar seus produtos conforme a Lei 11.947/2009. Entende o pesquisador que, adaptado e com estratégia definida, o produtor solidifica o movimento social pelo sim quanto à norma legal que o auxilia e lhe dá roupagem oportunizadora, processo verificado a partir da análise dos dados apresentação em entrevista semiestruturada. Espera-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do enfoque da temática, apresentando alternativas para entender as práticas de desenvolvimento dos meios de produção, através do cidadão produtor rural ante a legislação. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2015-02-06T15:37:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fabio Augusto Marin.pdf: 1086281 bytes, checksum: a5cdc6fb5f83cec91d8809070e444b0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-06T15:37:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fabio Augusto Marin.pdf: 1086281 bytes, checksum: a5cdc6fb5f83cec91d8809070e444b0e (MD5) / Family farming is characterized by the possession of property and means of production, by rural workers with kinship and the equal distribution of operationalization in productive activity. It comes to their own operation in social relations, and aims to produce, modify and distribute products, adapting productively on new legislation, specially Law no. 11.947/2009. The research sought to understand how the farmer family farming have adapted and developed productive capacities to offer food according to the Law 11.947/2009 (PNAE). The analysis performed was built on the concept of reality of the respondents and, in correlation with the theoretical approaches to organizational change and strategic adaptation, sought an appropriate theoretical framework that could explain how these adaptations or changes have occurred. As a research strategy and as a technique for data collection, individual personal interview unstructured and semistructured. Based on the identification of theories with data obtained through field research, that scientific work of confronting was the arguments offered by grouping them into a proposed methodology, the descriptive qualitative research, and exploratory level. The results show the coexistence of elements related to the different approaches of management models of rural property the family farmer , alternating with the same care as the provision of marketing and other that do not have any interest in adapting to, offer or negotiate their products according to the Law 11.947/2009. The researcher understand the producer, with adapted and defined strategies, solidifies the social movement for yes as the legal standard that helps and gives you opportunities to develop itself, a process found from the analysis of the data presentation in semistructured interviews. It is hoped that this research will contribute to a better comprehension of the thematic approach, and presents some alternatives to understand the practical development of the means of production by the farmer citizen in sequence of the law.

A agricultura familiar caracteriza-se pela posse da propriedade e dos meios de produção, por trabalhadores rurais com grau de parentesco e pressupõe a distribuição igualitária da operacionalização na atividade produtiva. Dela provém a sua própria operacionalização nas relações sociais, sendo que tem por objetivo produzir, modificar e distribuir produtos, adaptando-se produtivamente diante de uma nova legislação, a Lei nº 11.947/2009. A investigação pretendeu compreender como o ofertante produtor rural da agricultura familiar, ante a Lei 11.947/2009 (PNAE), se adaptou e desenvolveu capacidades produtivas para ofertar alimentos. A análise procedida foi construída com base na concepção de realidade dos entrevistados e, em correlação com as abordagens teóricas sobre mudança e adaptação estratégica organizacional, buscou-se uma sustentação teórica adequada que pudesse explicar como essas adaptações ou mudanças ocorreram. Como estratégia de pesquisa, a entrevista presencial individual não estruturada e semiestruturada, como técnica de coleta de dados. Com base na identificação de teorias com os dados obtidos por meio da pesquisa de campo, coube ao trabalho científico de confrontamento os argumentos oferecidos, agrupando-os dentro de uma metodologia proposta, pela pesquisa qualitativa descritiva, de caráter exploratório. Os resultados evidenciam a convivência de elementos relacionados aos diferentes enfoques dos modelos de gestão da propriedade rural do agricultor familiar, com alternância dos mesmos quanto à oferta de atendimento à comercialização e outros que não possuem interesse algum em adaptar-se, ofertar ou negociar seus produtos conforme a Lei 11.947/2009. Entende o pesquisador que, adaptado e com estratégia definida, o produtor solidifica o movimento social pelo sim quanto à norma legal que o auxilia e lhe dá roupagem oportunizadora, processo verificado a partir da análise dos dados apresentação em entrevista semiestruturada. Espera-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do enfoque da temática, apresentando alternativas para entender as práticas de desenvolvimento dos meios de produção, através do cidadão produtor rural ante a legislação. / Family farming is characterized by the possession of property and means of production, by rural workers with kinship and the equal distribution of operationalization in productive activity. It comes to their own operation in social relations, and aims to produce, modify and distribute products, adapting productively on new legislation, specially Law no. 11.947/2009. The research sought to understand how the farmer family farming have adapted and developed productive capacities to offer food according to the Law 11.947/2009 (PNAE). The analysis performed was built on the concept of reality of the respondents and, in correlation with the theoretical approaches to organizational change and strategic adaptation, sought an appropriate theoretical framework that could explain how these adaptations or changes have occurred. As a research strategy and as a technique for data collection, individual personal interview unstructured and semistructured. Based on the identification of theories with data obtained through field research, that scientific work of confronting was the arguments offered by grouping them into a proposed methodology, the descriptive qualitative research, and exploratory level. The results show the coexistence of elements related to the different approaches of management models of rural property the family farmer , alternating with the same care as the provision of marketing and other that do not have any interest in adapting to, offer or negotiate their products according to the Law 11.947/2009. The researcher understand the producer, with adapted and defined strategies, solidifies the social movement for yes as the legal standard that helps and gives you opportunities to develop itself, a process found from the analysis of the data presentation in semistructured interviews. It is hoped that this research will contribute to a better comprehension of the thematic approach, and presents some alternatives to understand the practical development of the means of production by the farmer citizen in sequence of the law.

Summaries in English and Afrikkans / The aim of this thesis is to investigate the labour law position of South African farm workers. For three and a half centuries farm workers constituted the most neglected group in the South African labour force. Consequently, an understanding of their present position can only be obtained by investigating their labour history. As in other parts of the world, farm workers in South Africa held a subordinate position to agricultural employers. Discrimination against black persons added to the inferior socio-economic and political position of South African farm workers. White farmers occupied a strong political position during most of the time under investigation, which enabled them to institute and apply discriminatory legislation and informal methods to overcome labour shortages. The freedom of movement of black people and their access to land were restricted to create a cheap immobile labour force. During the 20th century farmers prevented the inclusion of farm workers in labour legislation by exercising their political influence. Pressure by industrial trade unions and encouragement by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) resulted in the adoption of the Agricultural Labour Act which made labour legislation applicable to farm workers, but precluded them from striking and made allowance for longer working hours than for industrial workers. The new political dispensation facilitated the inclusion of farm workers in general labour legislation without any discriminatory exceptions and land reform legislation now protects farm workers against arbitrary evictions. A bill of rights furthermore guarantees the rights of farm workers which were previously violated. It would superficially seem that farm workers' problems are something of the past. Farm workers, however, remain handicapped in exercising their new rights by historical factors and circumstances peculiar to the agricultural sector. Legal comparison with Ontario and California confirms that legislation alone is insufficient to empower farm workers. It is recommended that the government amend existing legislation to accommodate the special needs of farm workers and that relevant ILO conventions, especially Convention 141 of 1975, be ratified to aid the development of unions for farm workers. This will contribute to the empowerment of and social justice for farm workers. / Die doel van hierdie tesis is om die arbeidsregtelike posisie van Suid-Afrikaanse plaaswerkers te ondersoek. Plaaswerkers was vir drie en 'n half eeue die mees afgeskeepte groep in die Suid-Afrikaanse werksmag. Om die huidige posisie van plaaswerkers te begryp is dus slegs moontlik deur 'n bestudering van die regsgeskiedenis van plaaswerkers. Soos in ander werelddele beklee plaaswerkers in Suid-Afrika 'n minderwaardige posisie teenoor landbouwerkgewers. Diskriminasie teenoor swartpersonehet bygedra tot die sosio-ekonomiese en polities minderwaardige posisie van Suid-Afrikaanse plaaswerkers. Blanke boere het gedurende die grootste deel van die tydperk onder bespreking 'n sterk politiese posisie beklee wat hulle in staat gestel het om diskriminerende wetgewing en informele metodes aan te wend om arbeidstekorte te bowe te kom. Swart persone se bewegingsvryheid en toegang tot grond is beperk om 'n goedkoop immobiele werksmag te vorm. Gedurende die 20ste eeu het boere se sterk politiese posisie hulle in staat gestel om te verhoed dat plaaswerkers by arbeidswetgewing ingesluit word. Druk deur industriele vakbonde en aanmoediging deur die Intemasionale Arbeidsorganisasie (IAO) het gelei tot die Wet op Landbou-arbeid waardeur arbeidswetgewing op plaaswerkers van toepassing gemaak is, maar wat plaaswerkers verbied het om te staak en wat voorsiening gemaak het vir langer werkure as vir industriele werkers. 'n Nuwe politieke bedeling het gelei tot die insluiting van plaaswerkers in algemene arbeidswetgewing sonder enige diskriminerende uitsonderings en grondhervormingswetgewing beskerm plaaswerkers nou teen arbitrere uitsettings. 'n Handves van menseregte waarborg verder die regte van plaaswerkers wat voorheen misken is. Oenskynlik is die probleme van plaaswerkers nou iets van die verlede. Plaaswerkers word egter steeds in die uitoefening van hulle nuwe regte gestrem deur historiese faktore en die eiesoortige omstandighede van die landbousektor. Regsvergelyking met Kalifomie en Ontario het aangetoon <lat wetgewing alleen nie voldoende is om plaaswerkers te bemagtig nie. Daar word aanbeveel dat die regering bestaande wetgewing wysig om voorsiening te maak vir die spesiale behoeftes van plaaswerkers en dat relevante IA0 konvensies, veral Konvensie 141 van 197 5 geratifiseer word om die ontwikkeling van vakbonde vir plaaswerkers te bevorder. Dit sal bydra tot die bemagtiging van en tot sosiale geregtigheid vir plaaswerkers / Law / LL.D.