Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19045号 / 農博第2123号 / 新制||農||1032 / 31996 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 縄田 栄治, 教授 舟川 晋也, 准教授 赤松 美紀 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

In this thesis I investigated various factors that might affect species diversity and the relations between predator/parasitoid and host, using mainly insects as a model group. These factors were agricultural practices, landscape composition, climate change and invasive species.

Nitrogen (N) is critical to the quantity and quality of agricultural yields. Excess N fertilization is costly, both economically and environmentally (nitrate leaching, eutrophication, greenhouse gas release, soil degradation). This research identifies zones that could substitute the field-long N-rich strips by using spatial analysis of the nitrogen sufficiency index (NSI) and the relation with Apparent Electrical Conductivity (ECa), Elevation, Slope and Soil. NSI calculated from ECa grouped into three classes was capable of minimizing the effects on NDVI. Correlation coefficients (R) between three-class NSI and NSI calculated from the nearest ECA values were very high for all the fields with values between 0.82< R <0.94, with the highest coefficients associated with fields in 2005 and 2007. Meanwhile, three-class NSI coefficients were consistently significant in relation to the NSI reference, with an average of R=0.79 for all the fields. The highest coefficient was detected for 2007, with R=0.89, whereas the lowest values were associated with 2006 (R=0.67). In the case of elevation grouped into four classes, the correlation results were not statistically significant, with overall average values of R<0.70. The maps elaborated from the NSI for ECa grouped into three classes show a high level of accuracy compared to the NSI reference map. The new N-rich zones not only can contribute to mitigating the environmental impact of agricultural practices (reducing 77% of N inputs) but also be an accurate source of data for the analysis of NSI and within-field N variability.

In 2008 flooding occurred over a majority of Iowa, damaging homes, displacing residents, and taking lives. In the wake of this event, the Iowa Flood Center (IFC) was charged with the investigation of distributed flood mitigation strategies to reduce the frequency and magnitude of peak flows in Iowa. This dissertation is part of the several studies developed by the IFC and focused on the application of a coupled physics based modeling platform, to quantify the coupled benefits of distributed flood mitigation strategies on the reduction of peak flows in an agricultural watershed. Additional investigation into tile drainage and terraces, illustrated the hydrologic impact of each commonly applied agricultural practice. The effect of each practice was represented in numerical simulations through a parameter adjustment. Systems were analyzed at the field scale, to estimate representative parameters, and applied at the watershed scale. The impact of distributed flood mitigation wetlands reduced peak flows by 4 % to 17 % at the outlet of a 45 km2 watershed. Variability in reduction was a product of antecedent soil moisture, 24-hour design storm total depth, and initial structural storage capacity. The highest peak flow reductions occurred in scenarios with dry soil, empty project storage, and low rainfall depths. Peak flow reductions were estimated to dissipate beyond a total drainage area of 200 km2, approximately 2 km downstream of the small watershed outlet. A numerical tracer analysis identified the contribution of tile drainage to stream flow (QT/Q) which varied between 6 % and 71 % through an annual cycle. QT/Q responded directly to meteorological forcing. Precipitation driven events produced a strong positive logarithmic correlation between QT/Q and drainage area. The addition of precipitation into the system saturated near surface soils, increased lateral soil water movement, and reduced the contribution of instream tile flow. A negative logarithmic trend in QT/Q to drainage area persisted in non-event durations. Simulated gradient terraces reduced and delayed peak flows in subcatchments of less than 3 km2 of drainage area. The hydrographs were shifted responding to rainfall later than non-terraced scenarios, while retaining the total volumetric outflow over longer time periods. The effects of dense terrace systems quickly dissipated, and found to be inconsequential at a drainage area of 45 km2. Beyond the analysis of individual agricultural features, this work assembled a framework to analyze the feature at the field scale for implementation at the watershed scale. It showed large scale simulations reproduce field scale results well. The product of this work was, a systematic hydrologic characterization of distributed flood mitigation structures, pattern tile drainage, and terrace systems facilitating the simulation of each practices in a physically-based coupled surface-subsurface model.

The role of agriculture in the economy and society remains relevant as the industry provides 11% of employment and affordable access to healthy food which promote health and wellbeing. However, without adequate agricultural literacy, individuals may not be able to make safe and healthy food choices. To explore the level of agricultural literacy of college students, a 43-item questionnaire was developed and will be administered at a Liberal Arts University in the Southeastern United States. The aim of the study is to determine agricultural literacy scores and the importance of agricultural practices among college students who are not and will not be enrolled in agricultural courses and who do not plan to pursue a career in agriculture. Data collected will be examined to determine whether agricultural literacy is related to the importance of agricultural practices and whether relationships between demographic characteristics and agricultural literacy scores are present

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / Peru’s pomegranate productivity is 10.3 tons, which is almost a third of that produced by Turkey (27.5 tons) and almost half of that produced by Spain (20 tons). In this sense, it is necessary that the organizations know the importance of quality management to monitor and maintain product quality. It is important to consider the appropriate methods to adopt and implement quality management so that MSEs may develop a better understanding of how quality management systems should be implemented and the significant, positive impact they generate. This document proposes a model based on quality management and good practices, which frames a series of activities and criteria to provide an objective diagnosis. This model was developed based on information gathered from SMEs in the district of Santiago de Ica.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第19045号 / 農博第2123号 / 新制||農||1032(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H27||N4927(農学部図書室) / 31996 / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 縄田 栄治, 教授 舟川 晋也, 准教授 赤松 美紀 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:31:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janice_Costa_da_Silva.pdf: 1517975 bytes, checksum: c3393750f9cefea56774dadfb01ef50c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-20 / This study aimed to analyze the agricultural activities that occur in the areas surrounding the Iguassu National Park, in the band corresponding to the municipality of São Miguel do Iguaçu. The central focus of the discussion is based on the need for regularization of the use of the natural environment, considered important for environmental conservation. The Iguazu National Park is a conservation of protected areas, where the activities have to comply with its management plan, particularly in the range called the buffer zone (or transition environment) that must have a radius of ten (10) km surrounding the park. That management plan does not allow cultivation of transgenic crops in its buffer zone causing much discussion among the owners. This impediment is discussed and justified by the farmers who criticize the application of these laws. They, in their discussions, they ask that the law is changed, or rather it is licensed for a minimum planting of transgenic crops, which means changing the rules of protection of areas around the National Park. This information subsidize this research, which seeks to facilitate a greater awareness on how to use and exploitation of natural resources, especially close to the environmental reserve, considering the current agricultural techniques that hinder environmental sustainability. At the end of the study it was found that environmental changes, considered more significant in the study area are related to human behavior and economic activities. / Este estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar as atividades agrícolas que ocorrem nas áreas do entorno do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, na faixa correspondente ao município de São Miguel do Iguaçu. O foco central da reflexão está pautado na necessidade de regularizações do uso do meio natural, consideradas importantes, para a conservação ambiental. O Parque Nacional do Iguaçu é uma unidade de conservação de proteção integral, onde as atividades desenvolvidas têm de respeitar seu plano de manejo, particularmente na faixa denominada de zona de amortecimento (entorno ou de transição) que deve ter um raio de 10 (dez) quilômetros circundante ao Parque. O referido plano de manejo não prevê a possibilidade de cultivo de transgênicos em sua zona de amortecimento o que causa muita discussão entre os proprietários. Esse impedimento é debatido e justificado pelos agricultores que fazem críticas sobre a aplicação dessas leis. Os mesmos, nas suas discussões, solicitam que a lei seja alterada, ou melhor, que seja licenciada uma distância mínima para o plantio de transgênicos, o que significa alterar as normas de proteção das áreas do entorno do Parque Nacional. Essas informações subsidiam esta pesquisa, que procura viabilizar uma maior conscientização quanto à forma de uso e exploração dos recursos naturais, particularmente, próximo à reserva ambiental, considerando as técnicas agrícolas atuais que dificultam a sustentabilidade ambiental. Ao final do estudo foi possível identificar que as alterações ambientais, consideradas mais significativas da área de estudo, estão relacionadas ao comportamento humano e as atividades econômicas.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janice_Costa_da_Silva.pdf: 1517975 bytes, checksum: c3393750f9cefea56774dadfb01ef50c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-20 / This study aimed to analyze the agricultural activities that occur in the areas surrounding the Iguassu National Park, in the band corresponding to the municipality of São Miguel do Iguaçu. The central focus of the discussion is based on the need for regularization of the use of the natural environment, considered important for environmental conservation. The Iguazu National Park is a conservation of protected areas, where the activities have to comply with its management plan, particularly in the range called the buffer zone (or transition environment) that must have a radius of ten (10) km surrounding the park. That management plan does not allow cultivation of transgenic crops in its buffer zone causing much discussion among the owners. This impediment is discussed and justified by the farmers who criticize the application of these laws. They, in their discussions, they ask that the law is changed, or rather it is licensed for a minimum planting of transgenic crops, which means changing the rules of protection of areas around the National Park. This information subsidize this research, which seeks to facilitate a greater awareness on how to use and exploitation of natural resources, especially close to the environmental reserve, considering the current agricultural techniques that hinder environmental sustainability. At the end of the study it was found that environmental changes, considered more significant in the study area are related to human behavior and economic activities. / Este estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar as atividades agrícolas que ocorrem nas áreas do entorno do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, na faixa correspondente ao município de São Miguel do Iguaçu. O foco central da reflexão está pautado na necessidade de regularizações do uso do meio natural, consideradas importantes, para a conservação ambiental. O Parque Nacional do Iguaçu é uma unidade de conservação de proteção integral, onde as atividades desenvolvidas têm de respeitar seu plano de manejo, particularmente na faixa denominada de zona de amortecimento (entorno ou de transição) que deve ter um raio de 10 (dez) quilômetros circundante ao Parque. O referido plano de manejo não prevê a possibilidade de cultivo de transgênicos em sua zona de amortecimento o que causa muita discussão entre os proprietários. Esse impedimento é debatido e justificado pelos agricultores que fazem críticas sobre a aplicação dessas leis. Os mesmos, nas suas discussões, solicitam que a lei seja alterada, ou melhor, que seja licenciada uma distância mínima para o plantio de transgênicos, o que significa alterar as normas de proteção das áreas do entorno do Parque Nacional. Essas informações subsidiam esta pesquisa, que procura viabilizar uma maior conscientização quanto à forma de uso e exploração dos recursos naturais, particularmente, próximo à reserva ambiental, considerando as técnicas agrícolas atuais que dificultam a sustentabilidade ambiental. Ao final do estudo foi possível identificar que as alterações ambientais, consideradas mais significativas da área de estudo, estão relacionadas ao comportamento humano e as atividades econômicas.