Taiwan became the 144th member of the WTO on Jan. 1, 2002 and as a result, the customs on agricultural products were reduced year by year, the agricultural market was open to the world and subsidies to local farmers were cancelled. A wild development in Taiwanese agriculture was anticipated. The study aims to understand the relation between rural villages and agriculture in the development process as well as the current transformation problems by analyzing data and a case study. It tries to determine the orientation and direction of the agricultural policy in the related development process. The target and strategy of the agricultural policy in various developing stages were compared and it is hoped that the available proposals for the trend in free trade will be used as a references for companies and governmental authorities. The present agricultural problems are classified into three factors: agriculture, rural villages, and farmers. Its influence on land, labor, capital, and management are implicative of each other. The population in rural villages has dropped largely due to migration and farmers¡¦ incomes are low and many are aging. Rural and urban development in regions cannot be balanced. A breakthrough in development has to be made. However, agricultural specialties have to be planned based on the regional features; products that possess high economic value have to be promoted; farm management techniques must move from functional to strategic. Products can be made based on the needs of consumers. Agricultural management has to be professionalized. Supply and demand can be adjusted by market access mechanisms. Sustainability management can help achieve long term profits. Managing efficiency and product image are both key to successful marketing. By analyzing the success of kiwis imported from New Zealand, we know that the agriculture problem in Taiwan is not due to production technique but marketing. A national managing organization was established by the government of New Zealand for promoting their agricultural products to the world. It integrates the industry and culture and lifts product quality to a refined level. The marketing not only emphasizes brand, but also research and development of new products as well as its accessory products so that more business opportunities can be made. Increased innovative value-added products are linked with the international competitiveness of Taiwanese agricultural products. The crises can only be a transition and it is the time that we should bring agriculture management into a new age.

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Mykel Taylor / Agriculture subsidization policies have a long history and have been criticized, reformed and heavily discussed multiple times over the last centuries. However, most countries in the world use farm subsidies as a policy instrument and spend billions every year. Especially highly developed and wealthy countries seem to have a tendency to subsidize production agriculture and the agricultural industry. The objective of this thesis is to improve understanding of the impact direct payments or subsidies may have on farm land values via farmers paying higher dollars for ground they rent and capitalization of those higher rents. Analysis is done by comparing the allocation of subsidy dollars from the Common Agricultural Policy on two wheat farms in Germany and Czech Republic, which are member countries of the European Union, to wheat farms in the United States and Australia, countries with relatively lower subsidy levels. Data for the farms include their cost structures, total revenues, and total direct payments. Comparisons of their relative land values and rental rates paid will provide evidence to test the hypothesis that direct subsidies are likely to increase land values. Based on the economic costs of production for the farms in Germany and Czech Republic, the value of land is not necessarily the residual claimant for the direct payments paid out through Europe’s Common Agricultural Policy. Possible explanations for this include restrictions on farmland use and farmland ownership structures held over in former communist countries where farms were owned by the state. These factors are likely to affect potential farmland owners’ perceptions of property rights and their willingness to pay a full market value for land.

Magistriniame darbe, naudojant mokslinės literatūros, aprašomąjį analitinį, teisės aktų ir dokumentų analizės metodus bei pusiau struktūruotą interviu, analizuojamas ES bendrosios žemės ūkio politikos įgyvendinimas linininkystės sektoriuje pasirenkant ir ištiriant konkretų probleminį Lietuvos atvejį. Siekiant atsakyti į išsikeltus uždavinius, pirmojoje darbo dalyje ES bendroji žemės ūkio politika bei Lietuvos prisijungimas prie jos aiškinami tarpvyriausybiškumo teorijos kontekste, aptariant sąlygiškumo nuostatą ir panagrinėjant ES interesų grupių įtaką sprendimų priėmimui. Antrojoje darbo dalyje analizuojami svarbiausi ES bendrosios linų rinkos teisiniai dokumentai, išskiriami buvę ir esami paramos šiam sektoriui modeliai, nagrinėjama kaip linininkystė reguliuota ir subsidijuota Lietuvoje nepriklausomybės laikotarpiu iki prisijungiant prie ES ir po 2004 m. Trečiasis darbo skyrius skirtas Lietuvos linininkystės sektoriaus vystymosi, administravimo ir finansavimo aptarimui. Išsiaiškinta, jog linų ūkio sektoriaus regreso tendencijos Lietuvoje pastebėtos dar prieš prisijungimą prie ES. Ketvirtajame svarbiausiame šio darbo skyriuje, atlikus pusiau struktūrinį interviu, pasitelkus Lietuvos linų sektoriaus atstovų ir ekspertų nuomones, nusakomos giluminės linininkystės krizės priežastys analizuojant, kodėl šio sektoriaus prisijungimas prie ES bendrosios žemės ūkio politikos sukėlė negatyvius padarinius. Identifikuojama, jog Lietuvos linininkystės sektoriaus krizinė situacija... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The master thesis, using the scientific literature, descriptive analytical and document analysis methods as well as semi-structural interview, analyses the implementation of the common agriculture policy of the EU in the sector of flax culture choosing a particular case in Lithuania. Seeking to fulfill the set tasks, the first part of the theoretical part of the thesis, the common agriculture policy of the EU as well as the joining of Lithuania to it are explained in the intergovernmental theory context, discussing the provisions of conditionality and analyzing the influence of the EU interest groups upon the decision making. The second part of the thesis analyses the most important legal documents of the common linen market of the EU, the former and present models of the support for this sector are distinguished, the analysis is provided on how the flax culture was regulated and subsidized during the period of independence of Lithuania till the accession to the EU and after the year of 2004. The third sector of the thesis is devoted to the discussion of the development, administration and financing of the flax culture sector of Lithuania. The conclusion was made that the tendencies of the regress of the flax culture sector were distinguished before the accession to the EU. The fourth sector, with the help of the opinions of the representatives and experts of the flax sector of Lithuania, the deeper reasons of the linen market crisis of Lithuania are outlined, after... [to full text]

Climate change will impact food systems around the world by creating new ecological threats to crops and challenging the massive energy inputs required by modern industrial agriculture. The severity of these threats suggests that British Columbia's food system is unprepared for the adverse effects of climate change. The province currently produces 48% of its food requirements, much of which is allocated to export markets, and expansion of this system will be difficult as only 1% of provincial land is considered “prime” farmland. One way to prepare a food system for climate threats is to enhance the system’s resilience. A resilient system can quickly adapt to new external problems while maintaining its structure and productivity. A resilient food system is built on three important attributes: internal strength, diversity and flexibility. While there are numerous policy options to enhance resilience, this thesis focuses on role of small-scale agriculture and local food systems. This thesis will argue that provincial and local governments in British Columbia should pursue policies designed to expand small-scale food production and strengthen local food economies, as these scales of agriculture offer the most practical and politically feasible way to create a more resilient food system. To gather policy options that can achieve this goal, this thesis relies on ideas and insights gathered from sixteen interviews with a diverse group of small-scale farmers throughout B.C. These on-farm perspectives are then evaluated within the complex policy environment that impacts agriculture policy. Agriculture policy in B.C. is influenced by multiple variables, including established policies and financial investments that support large-scale and international agriculture, limited government budgets, challenging relations between provincial and local governments, and bureaucratic challenges with implementing and operating agriculture programs. Despite these challenges, there are numerous policy opportunities and partners that can help policies to support small-scale production succeed. This thesis analyses these obstacles and opportunities, and puts forward a comprehensive list of policy options organized by their political practicality. / Graduate / w.mattdell@gmail.com

No description available.

This diploma thesis deals with reasons for agriculture support and offers an overview of basic subsidies which are supported in Czech Republic. The practical part of the thesis solves situation when a part of some other agricultural unit is bought and merged with main company which is analyzed by the thesis. This company is a receiver of some basic subsidies apparatus which also bring some difficulties such as question in which moment can subsidies show up in accountant. An agriculture company has to choose an account method, different in case of receiving subsidies for processes costs, financial costs and investment costs. The subsidies have an influence for agricultural company financial health which has to be qualified in a longer time period according to a nine economical financing analysis indicators. The thesis count indicators in case of acceptance and non-acceptance of the subsidies. Gained subsidies are further impacted by Czech Republic actual tax system (VAT and corporate income tax). Diploma thesis tries to quantify influence of these taxes to total agricultural company subsidies income.

This thesis describes issues of Agriculture of the European Union, with focus on its socioeconomic and economic aspects. It also describes issues of EU's international trade with agriculture products.

No description available.

Cette thèse, réalisée au Cameroun, analyse les stratégies et les trajectoires d’accumulation en surfaces cacaoyères de trois générations de planteurs couvrant la période 1910-2010. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé des entretiens semi directifs auprès d’un échantillon de 82 planteurs représentatifs des différentes tailles d’exploitations cacaoyères. L’analyse des trajectoires montre que si l’accumulation en surfaces cacaoyères est de quelques hectares pour les deux premières générations de planteurs, la génération actuelle conduit depuis trente ans, surtout dans les zones de fronts pionniers, des processus d’accumulation pouvant atteindre plusieurs dizaines d’hectares. Ces hauts niveaux d’accumulation en surfaces cacaoyères sont majoritairement le fait d’exploitants disposant d’importants volumes de capitaux financiers provenant d’activités non agricoles, généralement urbaines. La mobilité spatiale, vers les fronts pionniers ou vers la ville, et la mobilité professionnelle, qui permet de mêler activités agricoles et non agricoles, apparaissent ainsi comme les stratégies les plus performantes pour accumuler d’importantes surfaces cacaoyères. Ces stratégies conduisent au développement de grandes exploitations cacaoyères patronales ou capitalistes qui renforcent les processus de marchandisation de la terre et de la force de travail. Ces grandes exploitations entrent en concurrence pour l’accès au foncier avec les petites exploitations familiales et conduisent à une prolétarisation d’une partie des agriculteurs les plus pauvres. Ces résultats incitent à développer des politiques de recherche moins centrées sur l’amélioration des pratiques techniques et des rendements et plus attentives à la mobilité de la force de travail et des capitaux financiers entre les différents secteurs de l’économie nationale et du territoire. Ils invitent aussi L’Etat à ne pas abandonner au seul jeu du marché la gestion et le devenir des hommes et des territoires. / This thesis, which was undertaken in Cameroon, analyses the cocoa surface area accumulation trajectories and strategies of three generations of cocoa planters, covering the period 1910-2010. To do so, we carried out semi-structured interviews with a sample of 82 planters representing different sized cocoa plantations. The analysis of their trajectories shows that while the first two generations of planters accumulated just a few hectares of cocoa land, over the past thirty years, the current generation has accumulated several dozens of hectares, particularly in the frontier areas. Farmers with large amounts of financial capital generated through non-agricultural, and generally urban, activities mainly are responsible for these high levels of accumulation of cacao land. Spatial mobility, in the direction of the frontier regions or towards the city, and professional mobility, which allows agricultural and non-agricultural activities to be mixed, thus appears to be the most effective strategy for accumulating large surface areas for cocoa production. These strategies lead to the development of large capitalist and enterprise cocoa plantations that reinforce the commoditization of land and labour. These large plantations compete with small family farms over land, leading to the proletarianisation of some of the poorest farmers. These results suggest that there is a need to develop research policies which focus less on improving technical practices and yields and more on the mobility of the labour force and of financial capital between the different sectors of the national economy and between regions. The results also indicate that the government should not abandon the management and future of these people and territories to the free market alone.

Submitted diploma work deals with the Common Agricultural Policy of European Union and its influence on the Czech international trade with agrarian products. Main objective of this thesis is to highlight the changes in agricultural international trade after the Czech Republic's EU accession, which also meant a full adoption of principles of the Common Agriculture Policy. First, the work is focused on historical development and working of the whole mechanism of the common agriculture policy of the EU. All the reforms up to now are given afterwards. The second half of this diploma work is analyzing the Czech agriculture and regarding the comparison of "pre-accession" period with "post-accession" period it shows the changes that have occurred in the Czech agricultural international trade.