Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Los Angeles, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references.

The improvement of the teaching staff is a problem that constantly confronts every school department. Writers of leading books on school administration consider this problem so important that they almost universally devote one or two chapters to its discussion. Dr. Ellwood F. Cubberley suggests that the addition of a few young, well-trained teachers to the staff each year is one way of improving the work of a whole department. In recent years, however, many school departments have been unable to add new strength to their school systems by the addition of new teachers, for the reason that there were no new positions to fill. Teacher Tenure laws on the one hand and a dropping off in school enrollments on the other have forced many departments to rely upon an almost static teaching force. In order to improve the teaching staff in such a system a second way must be found and that is by improving the teachers who are already in the system. The salary schedule is one of the most potent instruments to bring about a desirable situation in regard to the training of teachers in service. Over fifty percent of the more than two billion dollars spent annual in the United States for education is devoted to teachers' salaries. How this amount of money is to be spent and how the salary schedule is to operate becomes a very vital and significant educational problem.

Over a period of several years the Alameda City Schools have been trying to develop a meaningful arithmetic program. Through special teacher workshops, supervision, and the adoption by the city schools of "Arithmetic We Use", before the series became adopted by the state, the functional program has progressed. The children in the low-sixth grade have used the above mentioned series since they were introduced to arithmetic books in the low-third grade.

This study addresses eighteenth-century illustrations of Mexico City's Alameda Park. The study reads views of Alameda Park for information about the cultural, political, and economic topographies of the colonial city. Alameda Park offered a place of leisure that was free and open to all members of society. It is argued that as a popular, public setting the Alameda represented a discursive space where cultural opinions were shaped. These beliefs found expression in physical objects: views of Alameda Park. Despite the informational value of these expressions, views of Alameda Park remain an untapped resource on account of the ambiguity surrounding their classification as either an objective map or an artful landscape. This study takes a visual culture approach; it calls attention to the ways views of Alameda Park utilize the conventions of both map and landscape. The study analyzes four views of the park. Each view illustrates a moment in colonial history. These include: the 1719 founding of a convent for Amerindian women—the first in two hundred years of colonial rule, the 1774 opening of the Hospicio de Pobres—a facility that incarcerated vagrants in order to rehabilitate them, the circa 1775 renovation of Alameda Park—a project joining citywide efforts to better police the population, and the 1778 promulgation of the Royal Pragmatic on Marriages—a bill designed to preserve Spanish hegemony in a racially-diverse context. Each view speaks a separate narrative; by reading the object, audiences gain detailed information about the shifting cultural landscape of eighteenth-century Mexico City.

The purpose of this study is to establish criteria that will be valid for the selection through evaluation of social studies materials for grades one through six in the Alameda Unified School District. The school system feels a need for a rich variety of audio-visual instructional materials for their program so that its teachers might enrich the curriculum of the learner. It is recognized that many varied experiences will increase learning on the part of the student and will help him better to meet life with what he is familiar and has perceived. Kingsley gives the secret of securing and maintaining attention as change, novelty, interest, and meeting a need. It is with this conception that the school system is seeking to develop a list of materials that will become an integral part of the social studies curriculum. Children learn more by seeing than by hearing. The sensory mechanism of the eye is quicker than that of the ear. Morgan states that the child is more susceptible to some stimuli than to others and not because some have more original significance. The United States Navy Department published a Training Aids Manual which indicates that students learn up to 35 per cent more in a given time and remember the facts learned up to 55 per cent longer when teachers use visual material. The Payne Fund Studies have shown that little children attending motion pictures will grasp three out of every five facts that an adult grasps. These children were tested three months from the time they first saw the picture. At the end of this period it was found that they still remembered 90 per cent of what they saw. This points to the conclusive evidence that learning with pictures is not only satisfying to the learner but also makes a lasting impression upon the physical receptors. The visual perceiving of a sound motion picture full of action combined with the sound effects, such as might be found in a film, showing the woodsman cutting the tree and then the terrific crash, is a dynamic way of teaching.

Carlos Morton is a prominent Chicano playwright that has contributed greatly to Chicano theatre, creatively and academically, since in 1970s. This thesis offers a feminist analysis of the gender representation in three of his works: Lilith (1977), La Malinche (1984), and Dreaming on a Sunday in the Alameda (1992). The female characters in these three plays possess a unique agency that allows them to challenge oppressive patriarchal standards imposed on their gender identity. The second chapter explores Morton's Lilith, a play based on a Jewish creation myth. In the play, Lilith possesses agency of her gender identity and forms a bond with Eve to fight the patriarchal gender norms used to restrict women in Chicano culture. La Malinche is an adaptation of Eurpides's Medea set in post-Conquest New Spain. Chapter three focuses on the agency displayed by La Malinche through her indigenous roots to fight for her own form of motherhood and freedom from patriarchy. The final play analyzed in this thesis is Dreaming on a Sunday in the Alameda, a dream-like play that is based on Diego Rivera's mural by the same name. Several female characters in the play demonstrate agency through their androgynous sexual identities as they unite to resist male character's sexualized perceptions and expectations of females within Mexican and Chicano culture.

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