<p>I en stor och komplex organisation kan det vara svårt att skapa sig en helhetsbild och se sitt arbete i relation till organisationens övergripande syfte. En sådan helhetsbild kan skapas genom att kartlägga och dokumentera aktivitetsflödet i organisationen. Processutveckling tillhandahåller verktyg för att eliminera dubbelarbete och spill och skapa bättre värde för organisationens kunder. Som resultat av detta förenklas arbetet, kostnader kan lättare reduceras och ledtider kan minskas. Allt detta sammantaget leder till ökad konkurrenskraft.</p><p>Syftet med detta examensarbete är att införa grunderna för processutveckling på Siemens GPMT. Vårt mål är att introducera och etablera ett processinriktat synsätt samt skapa verktyg för att avdelningen i framtiden själv skall kunna utveckla sin verksamhet.</p><p>Rapporten inleds med en presentation av företaget och den problembakgrund som har föranlett examensarbetet. Centrala teorier ochen allmänt applicerbar metodik för processutveckling beskrivs ingående. Slutligen presenteras de resultat vi kommit fram till under arbetets gång och en avslutande diskussion.</p><p>Vi har skapat beskrivningar av arbetet samt underlag för mätning och uppföljning av processernas prestanda. Dessutom har vi tagit fram en ledningsstruktur för fortsatt arbete med processutveckling.</p><p>Väldokumenterade processer och standardiserade arbetsrutiner är ingen garanti för goda resultat. De anger endast den befintliga kunskapsnivån som finns inom organisationen. Deras fulla potential kan endast utnyttjas om personalen verkligen tror på deras värde och arbetar för att utveckla och driva verksamheten framåt.</p><p>Vi är övertygade om att GPMT, genom att ta till sig de resonemang som vi presenterat under vårt arbete och arbetar aktivt med de metoder som vi beskrivit, kommer att utvecklas till att bli en förebild för alla andra avdelningar på Siemens.</p> / <p>In a large and complex organization, it is often difficult to obtain acomplete picture and be able to see individual contributions to the overall objectives of the organization.</p><p>A wide perspective can be created through mapping and documentation of the work-flow within the organization. Process management is a method containing tools that facilitates elimination of overlapping activities and waste, which leads to greater value for the customers. Through this method, work is simplified, costs can be reduced and lead-times shortened. The end result is an improved market position.</p><p>The purpose of this thesis work is to set up the fundamentals of process management at Siemens GPMT. Our goal is to introduce and establish a process oriented perspective and provide tools for the department to be able to improve their processes.</p><p>The report starts with a presentation of the company and the problembackground that has led to this thesis. Essential theories and methods for process management are thoroughly described. The results we have found under the project are presented along with a final discussion and conclusions.</p><p>We have created work descriptions along with tools for measuring and evaluating the performance of the processes. We have also created a structure for further work with process management.</p><p>Well documented processes and work standards are no guarantee for good results. They only present the current level of knowledge within the organization. Their full potential can only be utilized if the personnel really believe in their value and strive to continuously improve the business.</p><p>We are firmly convinced that GPMT, by adopting our recommendations and actively working with the methods we have described, will develop to be a role model for all other departments at Siemens.</p>

<p>Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka om och hur elever uppfattar begreppen omkrets</p><p>och area. Då vi båda studerar till matematiklärare anser vi att detta arbete kan stärka oss i vår</p><p>lärarroll samt utveckla oss inom arbetsområdet geometri.</p><p>Vi började med att göra en diagnos med ca 40 elever. Genom att djupintervjua tre av eleverna</p><p>fick vi en bättre förståelse för varför eleverna svarade som de gjorde på diagnosen.</p><p>Genom att göra en läromedelsgranskning av de aktuella läroböckerna ville vi se om dessa kan</p><p>spela roll när det gäller elevernas kunskap inom detta område.</p><p>Resultatet visar att de flesta eleverna klarade att räkna uppgifter inom området omkrets eller</p><p>area och använda sig av dessa begrepp när uppgiften var ”given”, på så sätt att eleverna får veta</p><p>vad som ska räknas ut (area eller omkrets). Problemen dyker upp när eleverna får svårare</p><p>uppgifter som är konstruerade på ett sådant sätt att de inte får en given metod att lösa uppgiften,</p><p>det vill säga när det är oklart hur eleverna ska angripa uppgiften.</p>

Algebra readiness has been a topic of much research and debate. This report summarizes findings pertaining to how researchers and experts in the field of mathematics education define the term algebra readiness. The Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) identified a list of readiness indicators for success in algebra. This list is explored. Finally, current teaching practices that have been found successful in helping students become algebra ready are detailed. / text

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The thesis is mainly concerned with properties of the concept "σ-purity" introduced by J. Lambek in "Torsion Theories, Additive Semantics and Rings of Quotients", (Springer-Verlag, 1971). In particular we are interested in modul es M for which every exact sequence of the form O→M→K→L→O (or O→K→M→L→O or O→K→L→M→O) is σ-pure exact. Modules of the first type turn out to be precisely the σ- injective modules of O. Goldman (J. Algebra 13, (1969), 10-47). This characterization allows us to study σ- injectivity from the perspective of purity. Similarly the demand that every short exact sequence of modules of the form O→K→M→L→O or O→K→L→M→O be σ-pure exact leads to concepts which generalize regularity and flatness respectively. The questions of which properties of regularity and flatness extend to these more general concepts of σ- regularity and σ-flatness are investigated. For various classes of rings R and torsion radicals σ on R-mod, certain conditions equivalent to the σ-regularity and the σ-injectivity of R are found. We also introduce some new dimensions and study semi-σ-flat and semi-σ-injective modules (defined by suitably restricting conditions on σ-flat and σ-injective modules). We further characterize those rings R for which every R-module is semi- σ-flat. The related concepts of a projective cover and a perfect ring (introduced by H. Bass in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 95, (1960), 466-488) are extended in a 'natural way and, inter alia , we obtain a generalization of a famous theorem of Bass. Lastly, we develop a relativized version of the Jacobson Radical which is shown to have properties analogous to both the classical Jacobson Radical and a radical due to J.S. Golan. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, 1992.

The Wedderburn-Artin Theorem (1927) characterised semisimple Artinian rings as finite direct products of matrix rings over division rings. In attempting to generalise Wedderburn's theorem, the natural starting point will be to assume R/RadR is semisimple Artinian. Such rings are called semilocal. They have not been completely characterised to date. If additional conditions are imposed on the radical then more is known about the structure of R. Semiprimary and perfect rings are those rings in which the radical is nilpotent and T-nilpotent respectively. In both these cases the radical is nil, and in rings in which the radical is nil, idempotents lift modulo the radical. Rings which have the latter property are called semiperfect. The characterisation problem of such rings has received much attention in the last few decades. We study semiperfect rings with a somewhat strong condition arising out of the status of generators in the module categories. More specifically, a ring R is CFPF iff every homomorphic image of R has the property that every finitely generated faithful module over it generates the corresponding module category. The objective of this thesis is to develop the theory that leads to the complete characterisation of semiperfect right CFPF rings. It will be shown (Theorem 6.3.17) that these rings are precisely finite products of full matrix rings over right duo right VR right a-cyclic right CFPF rings. As far as possible theorems proved in Lambek [16] or Fuller and Anderson [12] have not been reproved in this thesis and these texts will serve as basic reference texts. The basis for this thesis was inspired by results contained in the first two chapters of the excellent LMS publication "FPF Ring Theory" by Carl Faith and Stanley Page [11]. Its results can be traced to the works of G. Azumaya [23], K. Morita [18], Nakayama [20;21], H. Bass [4;5], Carl Faith [8;9;10], S. Page [24;25] and B. Osofsky [22]. Our task is to bring the researcher to the frontiers of FPF ring theory, not so much to present anything new. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1987.

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There has been much interest in algebras which have a basis consisting of diagrams, which are multiplied in some natural diagrammatic way. Examples of these so-called diagram algebras include the partition, Brauer and Temperley-Lieb algebras. These three examples all have the property that the product of two diagram basis elements is always a scalar multiple of another basis element. Motivated by this observation, we find that these algebras are examples of twisted semigroup algebras. Such algebras are an obvious extension of twisted group algebras, which arise naturally in various contexts; examples include the complex numbers and the quaternions, considered as algebras over the real numbers. The concept of a cellular algebra was introduced in a famous paper of Graham and Lehrer; an algebra is called cellular if it has a basis of a certain form, in which case the general theory of cellular algebras allows us to easily derive information about the semisimplicity of the algebra and about its representation theory, even in the non-semisimple case. Many diagram algebras (including the above three examples) are known to be cellular. The aim of this thesis is to deduce the cellularity of these examples (and others) by proving a general result about the cellularity of twisted semigroup algebras. This will extend a recent result of East. In Chapters 2 and 3 we discuss semigroup theory and twisted semigroup algebras, and realise the above three examples as twisted semigroup algebras. Chapters 4 to 7 detail and extend slightly the theory of cellular algebras. In Chapter 8 we state and prove the main theorem, which shows that certain twisted semigroup algebras are cellular. Under the assumptions of the main theorem, we explore the cell representations of twisted semigroup algebras in Chapter 9. Finally in Chapter 10, we apply the theorem to various examples, including the three diagram algebras mentioned above.

Univ., Diss., 2001--Liverpool