<b>Transition Metal Catalyzed Alkylation</b> We have reported methodology for the use of methanol as an alkylation reagent using catalytic rhodium or iridium species for the formation of branched products from methyl ketones. The synthetic utility of the dialkylated products was enhanced by performing a regioselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidation which allowed access to ester products. A range of different phosphine ligands were screened, and sterically hindered and electron rich phosphine ligands were found to favour the formation of enone and methoxy adducts under an O2 atmosphere. This interrupted hydrogen borrowing reaction enabled the in situ addition of a nucleophile to give more complex products. A range of tetrasubsitituted pyridines were then synthesized from 1, 5-dicarbonyl compounds formed in the methylenation/conjugate addition sequence. Finally, deuteration experiments suggest that the reaction proceeds via a monohydride mechanism, and the possibilities for the beneficial effect of O2 were discussed. <b>Synthesis of biotin derivatives</b> The streptavidin-biotin system was chosen for the studies of protein/ligand interactions at molecular level. A series of modified biotin ligands were designed and synthesized to introduce repulsive interations with streptavidin. The protein/ligand complexes were analyzed at high resolution by X-ray crystallography.

Thesis advisor: Amir H. Hoveyda / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2008. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Chemistry.

Thesis advisor: James P. Morken / Platinum-catalyzed enantioselective 1,4-diboration of cyclic 1,3-dienes is reported, providing enantioenriched 1,4-bis(boronic) esters in good yield and up to 96:4 er. The analogous diboration reaction of imines generated enantioenriched alpha-amino boronic esters, which are valuable therapeutic candidates and useful synthetic building blocks. Alpha-substituted allyl bis(boronic) esters, which are derived from 1,2-diboration of 1,3-dienes, undergo double allylation with 1,4-dicarbonyls to afford cyclic 1,4-diols bearing four contiguous stereocenters in a one-pot fashion with moderate to excellent diastereoselectivity. The development of a synthesis of geminal bis(boronic) esters is disclosed. These unique compounds were utilized in an alkoxide-promoted deborylative alkylation to access primary, secondary and tertiary boronic esters. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Chemistry.

This thesis describes the development of a more economical catalytic system for the N-alkylation of amines by “borrowing hydrogen” and its application in the synthesis of a variety of amines including the dopamine agonist Piribedil and the antihistamine agents Antergan and Tripelennamine. <b>Chapter 2</b> describes the development of the ruthenium-catalysed N-alkylation of primary amines with primary alcohols by “borrowing hydrogen”. <b>Chapter 3</b> describes the application of the ruthenium-catalysed N-alkylation of secondary amines with primary alcohols by “borrowing hydrogen”. The ruthenium-catalysed synthesis of dimethylamines by “borrowing hydrogen” is also described and a mechanistic proposal for the N-alkylation of alcohols with amines has been proposed. <b>Chapter 4</b> describes the role of amines in pharmaceuticals and the ruthenium-catalysed synthesis of Piribedil, Antergan and Tripelennamine by “borrowing hydrogen”.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Sete novos precursores de a-aminoÃcidos foram preparados atravÃs da reaÃÃo de alquilaÃÃo do acetoamidocianoacetato de etila 112 utilizando bromo-hexano, cloreto de benzila, brometo de alila, 9-(clorometil)-antraceno, brometo de 3-nitrobenzila, brometo de 4-nitrobenzila, brometo de 4- metoxibenzila e brometo de 2-metilnaftaleno como agentes alquilantes via CatÃlise de TransferÃncia de Fase (CTF). Tais reaÃÃes foram realizadas a 70oC, utilizando cloreto de benziltributilamÃnio como catalisador. ApÃs 5h de reaÃÃo, foram obtidos os compostos 113a-h com rendimentos que variaram de moderados a bons (24-74%), (Esquema I). A reaÃÃo de alquilaÃÃo do acetoamidocianoacetato de etila 112 com cloreto de benzila foi realizada utilizando os seguintes catalisadores quirais: Brometo de N-benzilmetilefedrÃnio (31a), Cloreto de (8R,9S)-N-9-metilantracenilcinchonidÃnio (34b), Cloreto de (8S,9R)-N-9-metilantracenilquinÃnio (34a), Cloreto de (8R,9S)-N-benzilmetilcinchonidÃnio (32b), Brometo de N-(benzilmetil)-O-alil-efedrÃnio (31g), Cloreto de (8S,9R)-NbenzilmetilcinchonÃnio (33b), Brometo de N-(9-metilantracenil)-O-alilcinchonidÃnio (34e) e Cloreto de (8S,9R)-N-9-metilantracenilcinchonÃnio (34d). NÃo foi observada induÃÃo assimÃtrica para as reaÃÃes utilizando os catalisadores supracitados na produÃÃo do precursor de a-aminoÃcido 113b. Ainda que nÃo tenha ocorrido induÃÃo assimÃtrica, bons rendimentos (83%) foram obtidos com os catalisadores 34e e 34d. Com base nos resultados obtidos a partir do programa de modelagem molecular Gaussian 03 foi possÃvel propor um modelo de aproximaÃÃo enolato-catalisador que justifica a falta de induÃÃo assimÃtrica observada com a utilizaÃÃo dos catalisadores quirais testados.a-aminoÃcidos 114 foram obtidos a partir dos precursores 113 atravÃs de hidrÃlise Ãcida, em rendimentos que variaram de moderados a bons (68-93%), (Esquema II). / Seven novel a-aminoacids precursors were prepared by the alkylation reaction of ethyl acetamidocyanoacetate 112 using bromohexane, benzyl chloride, allyl bromide, 9-(chloro-methyl)antracene, 3-nitrobenzyl bromide, 4-nitrobenzyl bromide, 4-metoxibenzyl bromide and 2-methyl-naphtyl bromide as alkylating agents via Phase Transfer Catalysis (PTC). These reaction were performed at 70oC using benzyltributyl ammonium chloride as catalyst. After 5h, compounds 113a-h were obtained in moderated to good yields (24-74%), Scheme I. The alkylation reaction of ethyl acetamidocyanoacetate 112 with benzyl chloride was carried out using chiral catalysts phase transfer as: Nbenzylmethylephedrinium bromide (31a), (8R,9S)-N-9-methylantracenylcinchonidinium chloride (34b), (8S,9R)-N-9-methylantracenylquininium chloride (34a), (8R,9S)-Nbenzylmethylcinchonidinium chloride (32b), N-(benzilmethyl)-O-allylephedrinium bromide (31g), (8S,9R)-N-benzylmethylcinchoninium chloride (33b), N-(9-methylantracenyl)-O-allyl-cinchonidinium bromide (34e) and (8R,9S)-N-9-methylantracenylcinchoninium chloride (34d). No asymmetric induction was observed using the aforementioned catalysts for the production of a-aminoacid optically active precursor 113b. Although no asymmetric induction was observed, good yields (83%) were obtained with catalysts 34e and 34d.Based on the data obtained from molecular modeling program Gaussian 03, it was possible to propose a model for the enolate-catalyst pair, that is in accordance with the lack of asymmetric induction for the reactions performed in the presence of the chiral catalysts. a-aminoacids 114 were obtained from precursors 113 by acid hydrolysis with moderate to good yields (68-93%), (Scheme II).

Bibliography: leaves 213-223.

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Graduation date: 1995

Thèse de doctorat : Chimie organique : Paris 12 : 2006. / Version électronique uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Pagination : 231 p. Bibliogr. : 328 réf.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-134).