Ce mémoire s’intéresse aux transformations littéraires et poétiques mises en œuvre par le mouvement de la Beat Generation au milieu du vingtième siècle en Amérique du Nord. En me penchant sur le recueil de poésie « Howl and Other Poems » du poète Allen Ginsberg, le texte emblématique de cette révolution littéraire, je montre comment le mouvement des Beats représente une transformation dans la tradition littéraire et poétique américaine, occidentale, en ce qui concerne à la fois la forme, les sujets abordés et la pratique d’écriture. Dans un premier temps, j’étudie l’histoire de ces changements en examinant la réception de « Howl », qui a bouleversé les attentes du milieu littéraire de l’époque à cause de son approche inclusive qui accueille tout dans la représentation. Mon deuxième chapitre se penche sur la vision du poète, la vision poétique. Je montre comment la perspective du poète face au monde change chez Ginsberg et les Beats. Au lieu de concevoir la transcendance, l’universel, comme quelque chose d’éloigné du particulier, comme le véhicule la tradition poétique occidentale, les Beats voient l’universel partout, dans tout. Enfin, je m’intéresse à la place du langage dans l’expression de cette nouvelle vision. J’observe comment Ginsberg et les Beats, en s’inspirant de la poésie de Walt Whitman, développent un langage spontané ne relevant plus de la maîtrise de soi. / This study investigates the literary and poetic transformations set in motion by the Beat Generation literary movement in mid-twentieth-century North America. In focusing on "Howl and Other Poems" by the poet Allen Ginsberg, the iconic text of this literary revolution, I show how the Beats represent a transformation in the American and Western literary and poetic tradition, with regard to form, theme and writing practice. In the first place, I study the history of these changes by examining the reception of "Howl," which upset the expectations of the literary establishment of the time because of its approach that includes everything, without distinction, in the representation. My second chapter focuses on the poet’s point of view, the poetic vision. I show how the poet’s perspective vis-à-vis the world changes with Ginsberg and the Beats. Instead of conceiving transcendence, the universal, as something far-removed from the particular, as presupposed by the Western poetic tradition, the Beats see transcendence everywhere, in everything. Ultimately, I turn to the place of language in expressing this new vision. I observe how Ginsberg and the Beats, inspired by the poetry of Walt Whitman, develop a spontaneous language no longer emanating from self-mastery.

The diploma thesis Jan Zábrana, translator and poet - translating poetry while inspired by it? examines the relationship between the original works of Jan Zábrana and his translations, taking into account the similar thematic and formal inclinations of all the authors and the sociocultural context, preventing Jan Zábrana from publishing his own poetry. Based on the analysis of three variants of Zábrana's poem collections Utkvělé černé ikony, Stránky z deníku and Samosoud and his translations of poems by Allen Ginsberg, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Gregory Corso and Kenneth Patchen, the thesis aims at finding the tendencies and models present both in Zábrana's original poems and his translations.

L`Inde a constitué un lieu de voyage pour beaucoup d`écrivains occidentaux, en particulier, pendant les années 60-70, pour cinq intelllectuels éuropéens et americains, qui ont voyagé et écrit différents textes. Pasolini, Moravia, Paz, Ginsberg et Duras ont parlé de l`Inde en utilisant différents languages pour décrire leur réncontre avec l`Autre au délà des catégories binaires occidentales. / India in the 60 and 70 has been the destination of the journey of five European and American writers who have stayed and wrote about it. Pasolini, Moravia, Ginsberg, Paz and Duras wrote of India using different languages from the travel documents, to the notes, to the essay, to the diaries up to the cinematic language. They described their encounter with the Other trying to go over the exotic stereotypes of western discourse into a space opaque and fragmented. / L’India ha costituito negli anni sessanta e settanta la destinazione dela viaggio di cinque scrittori europei e american che vi hanno soggiornato e ne hanno scritto. Pasolini, Moravia, Ginsberg, Paz e Duras hanno scritto dell’India e sull’India usando linguaggi diversi che vanno dal racconto di viaggio agli appunti al diario al saggio fino ad arrivare al linguaggio cinematografico. Attraverso questi multiformi linguaggi essi descrivono il loro incontro con l’Altro andando al di là dello stereotipo e delle categorie binarie del pensiero occidentale, captando l’Altro attraverso un discorso che diventa opaco e frammentario.