Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--Kiel. / Erscheinungsjahr an der Haupttitelstelle: 2003.

This thesis aims at a better mechanistic understanding of animal communities. Therefore, an allometry- and individual-based model has been developed which was used to simulate mammal and bird communities in heterogeneous landscapes, and to to better understand their response to landscape changes (habitat loss and fragmentation). / Diese Doktorarbeit strebt ein besseres mechanistisches Verständnis von Tiergemeinschaften an. Dafür wurde ein allometrie- und individuen-basiertes Modell entwickelt und dazu benutzt, Säugetier- und Vogelgemeinschaften in heterogenen Landschaften zu simulieren, und ihre Reaktion auf Landschaftsveränderungen (Habitatverlust und -fragmentierung) besser zu verstehen.

Hohenheim, Univ., Diss., 2007.

Stem diameter at breast height (D1.3m) and tree height (H) are commonly used measures of tree growth. Based on correlation analysis between biomass of stem, branches and leaves and stem diameter and height of tree we can identify allometric equation for predicting biomass and carbon sequestration of the vegetation. This study was carried out in the natural forests of Me Linh Station for biodiversity to develop allometric equation between biomass and diameter at breast height and height of tree. The study results indicated that twenty tree species dominate in natural forests in Me Linh Station for Biodiversity and they were selected for sampling. Through the 80 established linear equation models for above and below –ground biomass (AGB and BGB), we found that the biomass of tree species in Me Linh Station for Biodiversity were closely correlated with the diameter factor (R>0.902) and not clearly correlated with the height (correlation coefficient = 0.5498, R2< 0.549). Four regression equations were established, including: Pstem = 25.3051*(D1.3m)0.4627 (R2 : 9.661); Pbranch = 12.1043*( D1.3m)0.5416 (R2 : 9.8); Pleaves = 9.446*(D1.3m)0.5976 (R2 : 0.9363); P total biomass of forest = 25.882*D1.725 with R2: 0.8561) for estimating biomass and carbon sequestration of natural forest at the research site. / Đường kính ngang ngực (D1.3m) và chiều cao (H) cây là hai nhân tố thường được dùng để đánh giá sự phát triển của cây gỗ. Việc xây dựng các phương trình tương quan giữa sinh khối (SK) thân, cành, lá, sinh khối tầng cây gỗ, sinh khối của quần xã thực vật với đường kính và chiều cao cây góp phần rất lớn trong dự báo sinh khối và khả năng hấp thụ khí carbon của thảm thực vật. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy 20 loài cây gỗ chiếm ưu thế trong rừng tự nhiên và chúng được chọn để thu mẫu. Mối tương quan giữa sinh khối với 2 nhân tố điều tra rừng là đường kính ngang ngực và chiều cao cây đã đươc kiểm tra thông qua 80 phương trình tương quan. Nhìn chung, sinh khối có tương quan chặt chẽ với nhân tố đường kính (hệ số tương quan R > 0,902), và không tương quan rõ với nhân tố chiều cao (R < 0,5498). Bốn phương trình tính sinh khối cho thảm rừng tại khu vực nghiên cứu đã được thiết lập: SKthân = 25,3051*(D1,3m)0,4627 (R2: 9,661); SKcành: 12,1043*(D1,3m)0,5416 (R2: 9,8); SKlá: 9,446*(D1,3m)0,5976 (R2: 0,9363) và SKtổng = 25,882*D1,725 with R2: 0,8561).

No description available.

Bei vielen Laubheuschreckenarten produzieren nur die Männchen Gesänge, hauptsächlich um arteigene Weibchen anzulocken und sich mit Rivalen zu messen. Die Produktion der durch sexuelle Selektion ausgewählten akustischen Signale kostet das singende Männchen Energie. Die Gesangsleistung kann aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Körperqualität von Männchen zu Männchen variieren, was zu relevanten Konsequenzen für das Ergebnis der sexuellen Selektion führt. In dieser Arbeit soll die Auswirkung sexueller Selektion auf sekundäre Merkmale der Männchen untersucht werden, wie die Größe der Organe zur Schallproduktion und die Struktur akustischer Signale. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf den Faktoren, die die Qualität des Signalgebers und die Zusammensetzung des sozialen Umfelds bestimmen. Um diese Ziele zu erreichen, werden zwei Laubheuschreckenarten Poecilimon ampliatus und Poecilimon v. veluchianus untersucht. Die morphologischen Befunde zeigen, dass die positive Selektion auf klangproduzierende Strukturen mit der Präferenz von Weibchen für schwerere Männchen übereinstimmt und daher Rückschlüsse von der Körpermasse der Männchen auf die Größe der schallerzeugenden Organe gezogen werden können. Die Ergebnisse der akustischen Daten betonen die entscheidende Relevanz der Kombination verschiedener Umweltfaktoren. Sie zeigen, wie Männchen auf akustische Signale reagieren, die von benachbarten Konkurrenten erzeugt werden, indem sie ihre Signalerzeugung kohärent an die Stärke der Konkurrenz und ihren persönlichen energetischen Status anpassen. Männchen beider Arten zeigen eine interindividuelle Variation in der Fähigkeit, ihre Signalproduktion anzupassen, die sowohl durch Faktoren wie die Körpermasse des Männchens und der Populationsdichte beeinflusst wird. In zukünftigen Untersuchungen könnte der Frage nachgegangen werden, wie Männchen in der Natur von ihrer Kondition abhängige Signale und alternative Verhaltensstrategien entwickeln. / Behaviours and structures related to mating are under sexual selection. Due to their costs, these traits honestly reflect the quality of the signaller. Using structures located on the wings, bushcricket males signal to attract females and repel rivals. Sound performance can vary between individuals of different body conditions, leading to relevant consequences for the outcome of sexual selection. This thesis aims to investigate the effect of sexual selection on secondary male traits, such as the size of sound production organs and the structure of acoustic signals. The focus is on the factors that determine the quality of the signaller and the composition of the social environment. To fulfil the aims, two bushcrickets species were used: Poecilimon ampliatus and Poecilimon v. veluchianus. In P. ampliatus, sexual selection plays a role in determining the size of morphological structures that are responsible for producing female-preferred acoustic signals. A positive relationship between body condition and size of sound-producing organs was found. Heavier and larger males had larger wing and longer stridulatory file with disproportionally longer and less dense stridulatory teeth. A further effect of sexual selection is highlighted during the acoustic contest. In both species, only heavy males shown plasticity in acoustic behaviour. Moreover, the sound produced in competition honestly reflects the males’ body condition. In P. ampliatus heavier males signal at higher effort than lighter males and increased their activity when the light rival was placed at a closer distance. In P. v. veluchianus heavy males increased their signal activity only when the number of light rivals increased. Future endeavour will be to study how males in nature evolve condition-dependent signalling and alternative behavioural strategies.