Due to the problem of obtaining the predicted mechanical properties for Al-Si alloys, especially after heat treatment, trial batches of sodium, strontium and unmodified alloys were cast. The alloys were cast using a standard test bar design. The material was solution treated, quenched and aged (at both increasing time and temperature) to obtain the best properties possible. Initial background information and theory was obtained at libraries to obtain a better working knowledge of the alloy...

Titanium alloys are widely used for aerospace and biomaterial applications since their high specific strength, and high corrosion resistivity. Besides these properties, titanium is an excellent biocompatible material widely used for internal body implants. Because the products have complex geometries in both applications, Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods have been recently applied for production. AM methods can process a direct 3-D shape of the final product, decrease total production time and cost. However, high residual stress of the final product limits the application of AM components, especially the ones that are exposed to cyclic loading. In the present study, the initial microstructures and impact toughness of Ti6Al4V processed by EBM and CMT, and CP:Ti processed by SLM were experimented. In addition to initial microstructure and impact toughness, their response to different heat treatments were examined. Gleeble® 3500 was used for rapid heat treatment process. The change of mechanical properties due to different heat treatments were monitored with impact tests. Phase transformation kinetics of CP:Ti and Ti6Al4V were investigated with a Differential Scanning Calorimeter at slow heating and cooling rates. Microstructure examination was done with a scanning electron microscope. EBSD data was used to analyze the microstructure behavior. It is observed that toughness of the samples that are produced by powder-based AM methods were improved. Overall, residual stress, strain values, and grain orientation are the key elements that affected impact toughness AM produced components.

Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si specimens were shaped by repeated cycles of heating (to 954 °C) and hammer or press forging followed by a solution anneal that varied from 968 to 998 °C. The coupons were originally extracted from billets forged below the beta trans us ( 1009 °C) and slow cooled to ambient temperature. Macroscopic and microstructural banding is observed in some forged and solution annealed coupons, that consists of regions of elongated primary alpha. More significant banding is observed subsequent to annealing at lower temperatures (968 °C), whereas much less microstructural banding is present after annealing at higher temperatures (998 °C). About the same level of banding is observed in hammer forged and press forged coupons. The observation of these bands is significant since they may lead to inhomogeneous mechanical properties. Specifically, at least some types of banding are reported to affect the high temperature creep properties of this alloy. The origin of these bands was therefore researched. Classically, banding in Ti-6242-0.1Si has been regarded as a result of adiabatic shear, chill zone formation or compositional inhomogeneity. High and low magnification metallography, electron microprobe analysis and microhardness tests were performed on forged and annealed specimens in this investigation. The composition inside the bands appears identical to that outside of the bands. The fraction of primary alpha is also found to be identical. The bands have higher microhardness. These results suggest that the bands are not related to composition gradients. The bands also do not appear to be a result of adiabatic shear or other localized deformation. The bands of this study appear to originate from the elongated primary alpha microstructure of the forged billet (from which test coupons were extracted). The deformation of the extracted coupon may be neither fully homogeneous nor sufficiently substantial and the coupon is only partly statically restored after a solution anneal. Areas not fully restored appear as "bands" with elongated primary alpha, that are remnant of the starting billet microstructure. Therefore, a source of banding in Ti-6242-0.1Si alloy, additional to the classic sources, is evident. This type of banding is likely removed by relatively high solution treatment temperatures and perhaps greater plastic deformation during forging. / Graduation date: 1992

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Orientador: Carlos Roberto Grandini / Banca: Antonio Augusto Couto / Banca: José Eduardo Spinelli / Resumo: A busca dos materiais que possuam determinadas características e atendam certas funcionalidades e aplicações é motivo de pesquisa em Ciência de Materiais. Dentre os materiais metálicos com aplicações na indústria aeroespacial, indústria química e aplicações médicas, o titânio e suas ligas tem se destacado por atender a requisitos necessários para estas aplicações. Um sitema bastante estudado para aplicações como biomaterial é o de ligas binárias Ti-Mo. Neste trabalho foram preparadas ligas de titânio com concentração de molibdênio acima de 20% em peso, com o objetivo de analisar a microestrutura, as propriedades mecânicas e o comportamento do elemento intersticial oxigênio. As ligas Ti-25Mo e Ti-30Mo foram preparadas por meio de um forno a arco voltaico. Posteriormente, as ligas foram submetidas a um tratamento térmico de homogeneização e depois foram laminadas, recozidas, e submetidas a tratamentos térmicos em atmosfera de oxigênio com o intuito de variar a quantidade deste elemento. As ligas foram caracterizadas por análise química, espectroscopia por energia dispersiva (EDS), medidas de densidade, difração de raios X, com análise por Rietveld microscopias ópticas e eletrônica de varredura, microdureza e módulo de elasticidade. Os resultados indicam que as ligas possuem boa homegeneidade química e microestructural, possuindo estrutura cúbica de corpo centrado. As amostras de Ti30Mo possuem durezae maior módulo de elasticidade em relação a Ti-25Mo. A microdureza das ligas não foi afetada pelas variações de oxigênio, e sim pelas condições de processamento. O módulo de elasticidade não sofreu variação significativa com relação ao oxigênio e ao processamento / Abstract: The search for materials that possess certain characteristics and meet certain features and applications is a cause of research in materials science. Among the metallic materials with applications in the aerospace and chemical industry, and medical applications, titanium and its alloys deserve attention meet the necessary requirements for these applications. A quite studied system for applications such as biomaterial is the binary Ti-Mo. In this work, titanium alloys, were prepared with molybdenum concentration higher than20 wt%, with the purpose of analyzing the microstructure, mechanical properties and the behavior of interstitial oxygen. Ti-25Mo and Ti-30Mo alloys were prepared using ar-furnace in argon atmosphere. Later, the ingots were subjected to homogenization heat treatment and cold-work (rolling), new amnealing, and to heat treatments in oxygen atmosphere in order to vary the amount of this element. The samples were characterized by chemical analysis, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), density, x-ray diffraction with analysis by Rietveld method, optical and scanning electron microscopies, microhardness and elastic modulus. The results indicate that the alloys have good chemical and microstructural homogeneity, with body-centered cubic structure. Ti-30Mo samples have lower microhardness values and elastic modulus than Ti-25Mo alloy. The microhardness of the alloys was not affected by oxygen content variations, but by processing conditions. The elastic modulus was not affected by other oxygen presence or processing / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-08-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:40:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_ro_me_bauru_prot.pdf: 4250387 bytes, checksum: 5bb5887f248cdf7e9028406718b61694 (MD5) / A busca dos materiais que possuam determinadas características e atendam certas funcionalidades e aplicações é motivo de pesquisa em Ciência de Materiais. Dentre os materiais metálicos com aplicações na indústria aeroespacial, indústria química e aplicações médicas, o titânio e suas ligas tem se destacado por atender a requisitos necessários para estas aplicações. Um sitema bastante estudado para aplicações como biomaterial é o de ligas binárias Ti-Mo. Neste trabalho foram preparadas ligas de titânio com concentração de molibdênio acima de 20% em peso, com o objetivo de analisar a microestrutura, as propriedades mecânicas e o comportamento do elemento intersticial oxigênio. As ligas Ti-25Mo e Ti-30Mo foram preparadas por meio de um forno a arco voltaico. Posteriormente, as ligas foram submetidas a um tratamento térmico de homogeneização e depois foram laminadas, recozidas, e submetidas a tratamentos térmicos em atmosfera de oxigênio com o intuito de variar a quantidade deste elemento. As ligas foram caracterizadas por análise química, espectroscopia por energia dispersiva (EDS), medidas de densidade, difração de raios X, com análise por Rietveld microscopias ópticas e eletrônica de varredura, microdureza e módulo de elasticidade. Os resultados indicam que as ligas possuem boa homegeneidade química e microestructural, possuindo estrutura cúbica de corpo centrado. As amostras de Ti30Mo possuem durezae maior módulo de elasticidade em relação a Ti-25Mo. A microdureza das ligas não foi afetada pelas variações de oxigênio, e sim pelas condições de processamento. O módulo de elasticidade não sofreu variação significativa com relação ao oxigênio e ao processamento / The search for materials that possess certain characteristics and meet certain features and applications is a cause of research in materials science. Among the metallic materials with applications in the aerospace and chemical industry, and medical applications, titanium and its alloys deserve attention meet the necessary requirements for these applications. A quite studied system for applications such as biomaterial is the binary Ti-Mo. In this work, titanium alloys, were prepared with molybdenum concentration higher than20 wt%, with the purpose of analyzing the microstructure, mechanical properties and the behavior of interstitial oxygen. Ti-25Mo and Ti-30Mo alloys were prepared using ar-furnace in argon atmosphere. Later, the ingots were subjected to homogenization heat treatment and cold-work (rolling), new amnealing, and to heat treatments in oxygen atmosphere in order to vary the amount of this element. The samples were characterized by chemical analysis, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), density, x-ray diffraction with analysis by Rietveld method, optical and scanning electron microscopies, microhardness and elastic modulus. The results indicate that the alloys have good chemical and microstructural homogeneity, with body-centered cubic structure. Ti-30Mo samples have lower microhardness values and elastic modulus than Ti-25Mo alloy. The microhardness of the alloys was not affected by oxygen content variations, but by processing conditions. The elastic modulus was not affected by other oxygen presence or processing

A shape memory alloy (SMA) is an intermetallic compound able to recover, in a continuous and reversible way, a predetermined shape during a thermal cycle while generating mechanical work. In this thesis, its use in developing an actuator for a machining process is investigated. The actuator is to drive the tool cross feed into an aluminium workpiece in a finishing lathe operation. The actuator structure was designed with an output shaft to transfer the movement and force of the SMA wire outside the device. The actuator was fabricated and the experimental setup was assembled which also included a power supply control circuit, displacement sensor, temperature sensor and current sensor for feedback, and data collection and monitoring within software. PID control was implemented within the software that regulated the power supplied to the SMA, thereby providing the position control. This study covers the mechatronics system design and development of the actuator, the experiments carried out to determine performance and the results. Open loop tests were conducted to determine the maximum stroke, the effect of cooling and response to radial forces. These tests revealed the expected non-linearity of the SMA. The actuator achieved the rated maximum stroke of 3-4 percent. The forced cooling test showed a general improvement of approximately 65 percent with fans. The radial force tests showed the value of the maximum stroke remained unaffected by force. The results from the closed loop tests responses with a tuned PID controller produced a stable system for various displacement setpoints. The actuator had a feed rate of 0.25 mm/s and an accuracy of 0.0153mm, which was within the acceptable accuracy for turning operations. The system was deemed accurate for a conventional lathe machine cross feed.

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No description available.