From 1871 up to the 1920s, Alsace, a region on the border between France and Germany, was forced to change its national affiliation several times. How, in this context, did the cultural identity of Alsace evolve? With what, and with whom, did Alsatians identify with, and why? In my exploration I will focus on three case studies. Their selection is determined by three criteria: one is that it is of importance to consider issues a vast majority of the population could relate to. Secondly, these case studies will mostly focus on Strasbourg. This is the capital of the region, its cultural centre and the location that France and Germany engaged with most. Finally, the selection is aided by the consideration that cultural identity is closely linked with the appropriation of particular spaces that are reconfigured according to changing socio-political contexts. I will therefore first examine the historical development between 1871 and the 1920s, and embed into this the debate that surrounded the new imperial architecture in Strasbourg. This will be followed by an analysis of the promotional devices found in selected travel guides about Alsace that span several decades. Finally, I shall consider the more particular vision of Alsace promoted in caricatures by Hansi and Zislin, which draw upon regional attachments and national stereotypes and prejudices, but also determine clear and recognisable settings that Alsatians could easily engage with. These case studies will show how Alsatian identity was promoted and challenged in daily life (and in specific spaces), which included, at times, propagandistic discourses, in order to make an assessment of the extent to which Alsatian identity evolved during a period of conflicting loyalties for the population.

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Foram utilizados trinta cães do sexo masculino, da raça Pastor Alemão, adultos de diferentes idades. Os animais foram doados por Centros de Controle de Zoonoses, consultórios, clínicas e hospitais veterinários dos municípios de São Paulo (SP) e Petrolina (PE), sendo que os animais eram necropsiados no próprio local de coleta, onde eram previamente pesados e mensurados. Inicialmente, promovíamos uma incisão única, da região mentoniana ao períneo. As cavidades craniana, oral, torácica, abdominal e pélvica eram abertas, expondo seus respectivos órgãos, que tinham suas dimensões determinadas com o auxílio de paquímetro milimetrado e/ou fita métrica milimetrada, enquanto sua massa era aferida com o uso de balança analítica de precisão digital. Os resultados foram tabulados, os animais separados em três grupos, conforme as dimensões de altura e comprimento corporais, promoveu-se o teste de correlação linear de Pearson, sendo que com todas as variáveis que correlacionaram-se, efetuou-se as análises de variâncias para determinar a existência de diferença entre as médias. Foram cruzadas as variáveis dos órgãos com os parâmetros corporais e com a idade, além de confrontar dados referentes aos próprios órgãos e destes com órgãos homólogos ou com seus pares, como é o caso do globo ocular, dos lobos tireoideanos, dos rins, das glândulas adrenais, dos ureteres, dos testículos, dos ductos deferentes e dos lobos pancreáticos. Com relação aos dados corporais, obteve-se correlação significativa entre altura e comprimento corporais (resultado que demonstra padrão de longilinidade, onde seu esquadro corporal de perfil mostra-se retangular, sendo que quanto mais alto é o animal, mais longo ele será), altura corporal e altura do tórax, comprimento corporal e altura do tórax, altura corporal e altura abdominal, comprimento corporal e altura abdominal, largura do tórax e largura abdominal, altura corporal e altura da cabeça, comprimento corporal e altura da cabeça, largura do tórax e largura da cabeça, e altura abdominal com altura da cabeça. Com relação à organologia, foram obtidas as seguintes correlações: altura do globo ocular direito com altura do globo ocular esquerdo, comprimento do globo ocular direito com comprimento do globo ocular esquerdo, massa do globo ocular direito com massa do globo ocular esquerdo, altura com comprimento laríngeos, comprimento com largura laríngeos, comprimento com massa laríngeos, largura com massa laríngeos, altura com comprimento cardíacos, altura com massa cardíacas, comprimento com massa cardíacos, altura com largura da traquéia, comprimento com largura da traquéia, altura com massa da traquéia, largura com massa da traquéia, altura da traquéia com altura corporal, altura traqueal com comprimento corporal, comprimento da traquéia com altura corporal, largura traqueal com altura corporal, largura da traquéia com comprimento corporal, massa traqueal com comprimento corporal, altura com largura diafragmáticas, altura com massa diafragmáticas, largura com massa diafragmáticas, espessura com massa do fígado, comprimento com massa do duodeno descendente, massa do duodeno descendente com altura corporal, comprimento com massa do baço, espessura do lobo pancreático direito com espessura do lobo pancreático esquerdo, altura da glândula adrenal direita com altura da glândula adrenal esquerda, comprimento da glândula adrenal direita com altura da glândula adrenal esquerda, largura da glândula adrenal direita com largura da glândula adrenal esquerda, massa da glândula adrenal direita com massa da glândula adrenal esquerda, altura do rim direito com altura do rim esquerdo, comprimento do rim direito com comprimento do rim esquerdo, largura do rim direito com largura do rim esquerdo, massa do rim esquerdo com comprimento do rim direito, massa do rim direito com massa do rim esquerdo, comprimento do ureter direito com altura corporal, comprimento do ureter direito com comprimento corporal, diâmetro do ureter direito com diâmetro do ureter esquerdo, massa do ureter direito com massa do ureter esquerdo, largura com massa prostáticas, espessura da glande com espessura da raiz e do corpo penianos, altura do testículo esquerdo com altura do testículo direito, comprimento do testículo direito com comprimento do testículo esquerdo, comprimento do ducto deferente direito com comprimento do ducto deferente esquerdo, diâmetro do ducto deferente direito com diâmetro do ducto deferente esquerdo, massa do ducto deferente direito com massa do ducto deferente esquerdo. / They made use of 30 dogs, male, breed: German Shepherd, adults from different ages. The donation of the animals were done by Zoonoses, clinics, offices and veterinarian hospitals in São Paulo(SP) and Petrolinea (PE), being necropsyed at the same place of their collect where they were previously weighted and listed. Inicially was done just one incision from mentoniana to perineum. The skull cavity, oral, chest, abdominal and pelvic were opened exposing their respectives organs, that had their dimensons detemined by the auxiliary of a paquimeter and/or a millimetered measuring tape, while its mass was compared by the use of corporal lenght was done a linear correlation test of Pearson, as with all of the changeablewhich were correlated, the analyses were done by variancies. To determine the existence between the médium average difference. It was crossed the changeable of the organ to the corporal parameters in relation to the age, besides confronting the data referent to the own organs and from these to homologo organs or with their pairs, as the use of eye bail tireoideans lobes, kidneys, adicional glands, ureters, testicles from different ductos and pancreatics lobes. Refering to the corporal data, they obtained significative correlation between corporal height and lenght. Results that shows pattern of longilinity, where its outline corporal square shows itself retangular, as taller the animal is as longer it will be,corporal height, chest height, corporal lenght and chest height, corporal height and abdominal height, chest and abdominal width, corporal and head height, chest and head width, abdominal and head height. Referent to organologic , they obtained the following correlations: right eye bail height with left eye bail height, right eye bail lenght with left eye bail lenght,right eye bail mass with left eye bail mass, laringean lenght, laringeans lenght and width, lenght with laringeans mass, width with laringeos mass, height with cardiac lenght, height with cardiac mass, windpipe width, lenght width windpipe, height with windpipe mass, width with windpipe mass, height windpipe with corporal height, windpipe width with corporal lenght, windpipe mass with corporal lenght, diafragmatics height and width, height abd diafragmatic mass, width with diafragmatic mass. Thickness with mass descendent duodeno with corporal height, spleen mass, right panceatic lobe, thickness with left pancreatic lobe thickness, right adrenal gland height with left adrenal gland height, right adrenal gland lenght with left adrenal gland lenght, right adrenal gland width with left adrenal gland width, right adrenal gland mass with left adrenal gland mass, right kidney height with left kidney height, right kidney lenght with left kidney lenght, right kidney width with left kidney width, left kidney mass with right lidney lenght, right kidney mass with with left kidneymass, rightureter lenght mass, prostatic width mass, thickness of the gland with thickness root of the penial body, with the right ureter lenght with corporal lenght, right ureter diameter with left ureter diameter, right ureter mass with left testicle height with right testicle height, right testicle lenght with left testicle lenght, right deferent duct lenght, diameter of the right deferent duct with diameter of the left deferent duct lenght, mass of the right deferent duct with mass of the deferent duct.

Foram utilizados trinta cães do sexo masculino, da raça Pastor Alemão, adultos de diferentes idades. Os animais foram doados por Centros de Controle de Zoonoses, consultórios, clínicas e hospitais veterinários dos municípios de São Paulo (SP) e Petrolina (PE), sendo que os animais eram necropsiados no próprio local de coleta, onde eram previamente pesados e mensurados. Inicialmente, promovíamos uma incisão única, da região mentoniana ao períneo. As cavidades craniana, oral, torácica, abdominal e pélvica eram abertas, expondo seus respectivos órgãos, que tinham suas dimensões determinadas com o auxílio de paquímetro milimetrado e/ou fita métrica milimetrada, enquanto sua massa era aferida com o uso de balança analítica de precisão digital. Os resultados foram tabulados, os animais separados em três grupos, conforme as dimensões de altura e comprimento corporais, promoveu-se o teste de correlação linear de Pearson, sendo que com todas as variáveis que correlacionaram-se, efetuou-se as análises de variâncias para determinar a existência de diferença entre as médias. Foram cruzadas as variáveis dos órgãos com os parâmetros corporais e com a idade, além de confrontar dados referentes aos próprios órgãos e destes com órgãos homólogos ou com seus pares, como é o caso do globo ocular, dos lobos tireoideanos, dos rins, das glândulas adrenais, dos ureteres, dos testículos, dos ductos deferentes e dos lobos pancreáticos. Com relação aos dados corporais, obteve-se correlação significativa entre altura e comprimento corporais (resultado que demonstra padrão de longilinidade, onde seu esquadro corporal de perfil mostra-se retangular, sendo que quanto mais alto é o animal, mais longo ele será), altura corporal e altura do tórax, comprimento corporal e altura do tórax, altura corporal e altura abdominal, comprimento corporal e altura abdominal, largura do tórax e largura abdominal, altura corporal e altura da cabeça, comprimento corporal e altura da cabeça, largura do tórax e largura da cabeça, e altura abdominal com altura da cabeça. Com relação à organologia, foram obtidas as seguintes correlações: altura do globo ocular direito com altura do globo ocular esquerdo, comprimento do globo ocular direito com comprimento do globo ocular esquerdo, massa do globo ocular direito com massa do globo ocular esquerdo, altura com comprimento laríngeos, comprimento com largura laríngeos, comprimento com massa laríngeos, largura com massa laríngeos, altura com comprimento cardíacos, altura com massa cardíacas, comprimento com massa cardíacos, altura com largura da traquéia, comprimento com largura da traquéia, altura com massa da traquéia, largura com massa da traquéia, altura da traquéia com altura corporal, altura traqueal com comprimento corporal, comprimento da traquéia com altura corporal, largura traqueal com altura corporal, largura da traquéia com comprimento corporal, massa traqueal com comprimento corporal, altura com largura diafragmáticas, altura com massa diafragmáticas, largura com massa diafragmáticas, espessura com massa do fígado, comprimento com massa do duodeno descendente, massa do duodeno descendente com altura corporal, comprimento com massa do baço, espessura do lobo pancreático direito com espessura do lobo pancreático esquerdo, altura da glândula adrenal direita com altura da glândula adrenal esquerda, comprimento da glândula adrenal direita com altura da glândula adrenal esquerda, largura da glândula adrenal direita com largura da glândula adrenal esquerda, massa da glândula adrenal direita com massa da glândula adrenal esquerda, altura do rim direito com altura do rim esquerdo, comprimento do rim direito com comprimento do rim esquerdo, largura do rim direito com largura do rim esquerdo, massa do rim esquerdo com comprimento do rim direito, massa do rim direito com massa do rim esquerdo, comprimento do ureter direito com altura corporal, comprimento do ureter direito com comprimento corporal, diâmetro do ureter direito com diâmetro do ureter esquerdo, massa do ureter direito com massa do ureter esquerdo, largura com massa prostáticas, espessura da glande com espessura da raiz e do corpo penianos, altura do testículo esquerdo com altura do testículo direito, comprimento do testículo direito com comprimento do testículo esquerdo, comprimento do ducto deferente direito com comprimento do ducto deferente esquerdo, diâmetro do ducto deferente direito com diâmetro do ducto deferente esquerdo, massa do ducto deferente direito com massa do ducto deferente esquerdo. / They made use of 30 dogs, male, breed: German Shepherd, adults from different ages. The donation of the animals were done by Zoonoses, clinics, offices and veterinarian hospitals in São Paulo(SP) and Petrolinea (PE), being necropsyed at the same place of their collect where they were previously weighted and listed. Inicially was done just one incision from mentoniana to perineum. The skull cavity, oral, chest, abdominal and pelvic were opened exposing their respectives organs, that had their dimensons detemined by the auxiliary of a paquimeter and/or a millimetered measuring tape, while its mass was compared by the use of corporal lenght was done a linear correlation test of Pearson, as with all of the changeablewhich were correlated, the analyses were done by variancies. To determine the existence between the médium average difference. It was crossed the changeable of the organ to the corporal parameters in relation to the age, besides confronting the data referent to the own organs and from these to homologo organs or with their pairs, as the use of eye bail tireoideans lobes, kidneys, adicional glands, ureters, testicles from different ductos and pancreatics lobes. Refering to the corporal data, they obtained significative correlation between corporal height and lenght. Results that shows pattern of longilinity, where its outline corporal square shows itself retangular, as taller the animal is as longer it will be,corporal height, chest height, corporal lenght and chest height, corporal height and abdominal height, chest and abdominal width, corporal and head height, chest and head width, abdominal and head height. Referent to organologic , they obtained the following correlations: right eye bail height with left eye bail height, right eye bail lenght with left eye bail lenght,right eye bail mass with left eye bail mass, laringean lenght, laringeans lenght and width, lenght with laringeans mass, width with laringeos mass, height with cardiac lenght, height with cardiac mass, windpipe width, lenght width windpipe, height with windpipe mass, width with windpipe mass, height windpipe with corporal height, windpipe width with corporal lenght, windpipe mass with corporal lenght, diafragmatics height and width, height abd diafragmatic mass, width with diafragmatic mass. Thickness with mass descendent duodeno with corporal height, spleen mass, right panceatic lobe, thickness with left pancreatic lobe thickness, right adrenal gland height with left adrenal gland height, right adrenal gland lenght with left adrenal gland lenght, right adrenal gland width with left adrenal gland width, right adrenal gland mass with left adrenal gland mass, right kidney height with left kidney height, right kidney lenght with left kidney lenght, right kidney width with left kidney width, left kidney mass with right lidney lenght, right kidney mass with with left kidneymass, rightureter lenght mass, prostatic width mass, thickness of the gland with thickness root of the penial body, with the right ureter lenght with corporal lenght, right ureter diameter with left ureter diameter, right ureter mass with left testicle height with right testicle height, right testicle lenght with left testicle lenght, right deferent duct lenght, diameter of the right deferent duct with diameter of the left deferent duct lenght, mass of the right deferent duct with mass of the deferent duct.

Ce travail de thèse est consacré à l’étude des programmes télévisuels diffusés sur la chaîne de télévision publique France 3 Alsace, de 1966 à 2008. Quel est le sens social, voire identitaire, de la présence de telles émissions, alors que la grande majorité des téléspectateurs potentiels comprend au moins une langue standard ? En quoi ces émissions sont-elles un reflet du plurilinguisme régional ? Quelle image de l’Alsace véhiculent-elles, notamment par le biais de la langue ? L’étude s’appuie sur un corpus de plus de 2000 émissions mis à notre disposition par l’Institut Nationale de l’Audiovisuel (INA), dont nous présentons le contenu en retraçant l’histoire de la télévision régionale. Après avoir élaboré un cadre théorique à la croisée de disciplines tant linguistiques (dialectologie, sociolinguistique) que sociologique (sociologie des médias, sciences de l’information et de la communication), nous présentons la démarche méthodologique employée pour l’exploitation de notre corpus. A l’issue de cette étape, nous retenons sept émissions, transcrites et analysées sur les plans formels et linguistiques, de manière à obtenir des éléments de réponse à nos questions de recherche. / This doctor’s thesis aims at discussing the programs in dialect on the Alsatian public television network (France 3 Alsace), from 1966 to 2008. The following questions are dealt with: what sense does their presence make, since most of the regional audience understands one or more standard languages? To what extent do these programs reflect the regional multilingualism? What do they show of the Alsatian region, especially through the use of the dialects? This study is based on a corpus of more than 2000 programs archived by the National Audiovisual Institute (INA), which we introduce by telling the story of the regional television. After building a theoretical framework mixing linguistic and sociologic approaches, we discuss the methodological issues about how to define a « dialectal program », and which ones are going to be analysed in a (socio)linguistic way. We then proceed to the formal and linguistic analysis of a selection of 7 programs that are transcripted and commented on with a special focus on social representations, in order to get answers to our main research questions.

Les Alsaciens ont, quand ils parlent français, un accent caractéristique. Ce phénomène peut être considéré, au niveau de la production de la parole, comme une perturbation qui engendre un certain nombre de variations des formes phonétiques attendues en français, notamment au niveau de la gestion temporelle des consonnes occlusives. Dans une lecture fondée sur l’importance du geste en tant qu’unité de base en production de la parole, il est possible d’analyser la plasticité de la gestion temporelle des sujets parlants, spécifiquement dans le cadre du bilinguisme. En effet, les gestes sont accomplis dans le but d’atteindre des cibles, avec néanmoins un certain degré de liberté et de variabilité visible tant au niveau articulatoire qu’acoustique. Il s’agit de respecter certaines contraintes, permettant de considérer le système de production / perception de la parole comme un ensemble ayant pour objectif l’émergence de solutions linguistiquement viables. Nous avons mené trois expériences, concernant la gestion temporelle des occlusives. Différents indices acoustiques ont été analysés, propres à l’alsacien, au français parlé en Alsace et à la parole de locuteurs imitant l’accent des Alsaciens. Les résultats obtenus sont analysés dans le cadre de la Théorie de la Viabilité, qui permet de mettre au jour le fonctionnement du système de production / perception de la parole, entre perturbation et réajustement. / French spoken by Alsatians has a clearly distinct accent. This could be regarded, from a speech production standpoint, as resulting from a perturbation which entails a number of variations of expected phonetic forms in French, especially with regards to timing of stops. Premised on the assumption that viewing gestures as the basic units in speech production is essential, the plasticity of speakers’ productions, more specifically within the context of bilingualism, was analysed in this study. Gestures are executed with the aim of reaching targets, with some degree of observable flexibility and variability, both articulatory and acoustic. Some constraints need to be respected, with the view that speech production and perception, as a coupled system, is geared towards a common objective : enable linguistically viable solutions to emerge. Three experiments were conducted pertaining to the temporal organisation of stops. Acoustic cues unique to Alsatian, to French spoken by Alsatians and to French speakers imitating Alsatians were analysed. Obtained results, were rationalised within the Viability Theory in order to highlight speech functioning, with reference to production and perception, that is, between perturbation and readjustment strategies.