Lic.-avh. Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Titel från omslag.

NY, Cornell Univ., Diss.--Itaca, 2004. / Kopie, ersch. im Verl. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Chemnitz, Techn. Univ., [Belegarb. "Social Presence in Virtual Environments", WS 2006/2007].

Motivation is a key factor influencing an individual to become a volunteer. This study examines the motivation Czech volunteers to work on development projects, based on data obtained from the survey and scientific articles. The survey was conducted on 80 Czech volunteers from various Czech NGOs, 40 out of 80 were volunteers working for Kintari organization in Indonesia. The main motivation for volunteering were divided into five sections according to orientation; altruism, culture, philanthropy, traveling and socializing. Differences were identified among respondents when Kintari volunteers chose culture and travel, which is closely related to their length of stay, while volunteers from other Czech NGOs selected altruism and philanthropy. Subsequently, based on the test of factor analysis (FA) was created a domains consisting of the items questionnaire. In the statistical measurements and indicators were using factor analysis which was deemed appropriate, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which verified the estimate of the level of internal consistency and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measurement to determine the suitability of the selected data. The calculation used t-test for socio-demographic attributes excluded the thesis that females are more altruistically motivated than males. Respondents confirmed altruistic and egoistic gain experience from volunteering, including the development of communication skills, stress management, development of empathic skills, understanding of the local community, opportunities to participate in social events, work in a multicultural team and the ability to be part of social groups. Kintari volunteers cause on the project preferentially associate with opportunities to experience the culture and travel, while other volunteers from the Czech NGOs travelled mainly due to work and own education, which is closely related to the fact that they had more previous experience from other projects. The general rule confirmed that a shorter stay affects more altruism, socialization and desire to travel. As an area of weakness, Kintari volunteers market communication and cooperation with the management organization (missing feedback), and insufficient provision of educational aids.

The usual definition of empathy that can be found in books is that is a charakter, condition and process. It is considered the basic precondition of effective nursing practice and a means for reaching goals of treatment. Communication is unrepeatable in nursing in particular. The qualitative method of data collection - a semi-directed interview - was chosen for the research investigation. The interviews were conducted with the research set of twelve nurses and twelve patients. Two goals of the diploma thesis were defined; the first one was to map out what nurses and patients think about manifestation of empathy in nursing. The other goal was to compare the opinions of nurses and patients and to describe the differences ascertained.

My diploma paper is concerned with problems of consumer's relationship to the communal waste. The aim of my work is to identify which factors influence the consumer's decision making about how to dispose of the communal waste. I focus on both economic and noneconomic incentives like social norms, altruism, motivation or information. Which role does the state play? I follow with legislative problems and different ways of waste disposal in the Czech republic with the comperison with the European Union. I focus more on recycling both the positive and negative view. In the second, practical part of my work I use the questionnaire. The results will be used for analysis of factors which influence the consumer's decision making.

In einem wichtigen Beitrag „on self-interest and greed“ hat Gebhard Kirchgässner im Journal of Business Economics die zu beobachtende Verhaltensvielfalt von Wirtschaftssubjekten hinterfragt. Die ökonomische Standardannahme rationalen, egoistischen Verhaltens trifft die Realität nicht immer. Menschen handeln auch irrational, teils sozialorientiert und teils sozial desinteressiert, teils unmoralisch-gierig, teils aber auch altruistisch-großzügig. Welches Modell erklärt die Vielfalt? In diesem Beitrag wird die von Kirchgässner aufgezeigte Verhaltensvielfalt mit den Erkenntnissen abgeglichen, die sich aus der Hamiltonschen Fitnessthese und den Ergänzungen durch Trivers, Fiske und de Botton ergeben. Damit kann gezeigt werden, dass sich je nach Gruppe, in welcher sich ein Mensch bewegt, Verhaltensweisen einstellen, die von extrem prosozialem Verhalten (z.B. zur Statussicherung durch Vorbild oder aus Angst vor Sanktionen) bis zu sehr unsozial „gierigem“ Verhalten reichen. Der Nutzen dieser Sichtweise für die Ökonomik wird aufgezeigt. Es sind nur drei exogene Mechanismen nötig, die Verhaltensvielfalt zu erzeugen. / In an important article „on self-interest and greed” in the Journal of Business Economics, Gebhard Kirchgässner questioned the variety observed in the behavior of economic subjects. The economic standard assumption of rational, egoist behavior does not comply with reality in many cases. People act irrationally, socially oriented as well as socially uninterested, immorally-greedy as well as altruistically-generously. The variety is immense. The question occurs: which model is capable of explaining the diversity? In this article, the variety of human behavior is being compared to findings that emerge from Hamilton’s Fitness Thesis and extensions by Trivers, Fiske and de Botton. The Fitness Thesis lays the ground. Depending on the social group to which an individual belongs in a certain situation, behavior can vary from extremely prosocial (e. g. to maintain status or to avoid sanctions) to very unsocial-greedy. As any individual is part of many groups he or she can act prosocially with respect to one group and unsocially-greedy with respect to another, will say: greed and altruism is not a question of character but a consequence of the specific situation in which an individual acts. Merely three exogenous mechanisms are required to create the observed variety in behavior.

Soldier caste is the oldest altruistic caste in termites, highly specialized for defensive tasks. Therefore, a number of adaptations in anatomy and behaviour can be observed in soldier, lacking in other termite castes. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that in disturbed groups the soldiers will prefer to stand by and defend the reproductives, the most valuable individuals. Therefore, I studied in two species of the genus Prorhinotermes (P. simplex and P. canalifrons) the ability of soldiers to discriminate neotenic reproductives and provide them with defence. In agreement with the initial hypothesis, the soldiers of both species prooved to be able of an instantaneous recognition of reproductives and remained close to them. In P. simplex, the neotenic female was the most attractive individual, while in P. canalifrons, neotenics of both sexes were equally attractive. The observed preference of reproductives appears to occur only with a certain age of the reproductives in incipient colonies, along with their sexual maturation. Caste specificity of cuticular lipids supports the presumption that the caste recognition is based on olphactoric cues in the cuticle of reproductives.

This thesis "The motivation for volunteering in the program of secondary prevention" is conceived as theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part of thesis aims to identify the motives leading to the decision to participate in voluntary activities and what motivates volunteers in its execution. It deals with the basic concepts of volunteering, its historical background and with the analysis of the psychological aspects of motivation for voluntary activity, which is seen as a manifestation of altruism and prosocial behavior. It tries to find the reason that may cause underdevelopment of volunteering while offering possible solutions, which can help to overcome the outlined barriers. Consequently, acquaints readers with a preventive program Five P. Base of empirical part consists of empirical investigation. The aim is to find techniques to reveal the personality characteristics of volunteers in Five P program. In conclusion, author examines the use of acquired knowledge in practice. Keywords motivation, volunteering, volunteer, altruism, secondary prevention program

This diploma thesis deals with the issues of the blood donation and the regulation of trade in blood and blood derivatives. It is generally known that the blood taking is in the majority based upon altruism of donors. Society perceives paid blood taking donations as an unethical and an immoral. Besides, paid donations are in violation of a worldwide long term efforts that have been trying to prohibit a monetary remuneration. A related question is whether the unpaid donations can satisfy the increasing demand for blood, and what sort of problems a state regulation bears. The first part of this work provides us a brief historical development of blood transfusion, which is further connected to economic theory and modified to the market in blood; particularly to the theory of price regulation and product (quality). The second part focuses on a comparison of three different markets and discussion of altruism and donations issue.