Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in African Languages in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 2017. / Lolu cwaningo lunezahluko eziyisithupha: Isahluko sokuqala siyisethulo socwaningo. Sehlukaniswe izigatshana eziyisishiyagalombili. Isingeniso sethula amasiko esiZulu nendlela axoveke ngayo. Kunempikiswano nokungaboni ngaso linye esizweni ngamasiko. Phakathi kwalawo masiko okuphikiswana ngawo kuyabalwa nokuzila. Izimbangela zokulahleka kwamasiko ziningi. Enye yazo ukuncikana kwamaZulu nezinye izizwe. Enye yazo ukubuswa ngezinye izizwe ezinezinhloso ezishayisana nezesizwe samaZulu. Intshisekelo yocwaningo yadalwa ukuba umcwaningi athole ukuthi amasiko aphathelene nokuzila agcinwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kwenye inkathi lezi zindlela ziyashayisana. Inhloso enkulu ngalolu cwaningo ukuhlola ukuthi ukuzila kuyisiko noma umkhuba nje. Enye inhloso ukwethulela umphakathi imvulamehlo ngamasiko, ikakhulukazi awokuzila. Umklamo wocwaningo umayelana namasiko lapho kuzilwa khona. Kuphawuliwe ngokuzilela ukufa ngaphambi nangemuva komngcwabo. Ibaluliwe imigonqo ngokwahlukana kwayo. Ucwaningo lwenziwe ikakhulukazi eMbumbulu. Lokho akumvimbanga nokho umcwaningi ukuba aye nakwezinye izindawo. Ukuzila yisiko lesizwe sonke ngakhoke umklamo ngokwendawo yokuqhuba ucwaningo uvulekile. Isahluko sesibili sehlukaniseke iminxa emibili emikhulu. Kuchazwe amagama asetshenziswe ocwaningweni. Kufakwane umlomo nawongoti abehlukene. Kukhulunywe nawongoti abanolwazi lwasesikoleni ngobugugu namasiko. Abanye babo bafundisa kwaNgqondonkulu. Iningi labo lifundisa isiZulu nobugugu. Kuthintwe ongoti abathintana ngqo nokuzila. Izinyanga nezangoma zinolwazi oluthe thuthu ngemigonqo nokunye okwenziwa ngamathwasa. Kuthintwe ngisho abaholi bamabandla. Isizathu esimqoka salaba baholi ukuthi amakholwa angamaKhristu ayabaleka ekuphikeni amasiko. vi Isahluko sesithathu sicacisa ngezindlela zokuqhuba ucwaningo. Kumele kucace ukuthi umcwaningi uluthola kanjani ulwazi. Usebenzise izincwadi azithola emitapweni yezincwadi. Ufunde amaphephandaba. Ulalele imisakazo. Ubuke umabonakude. Ufunde imiqulu yabanye abacwaningi asebecwaningile ngamasiko esiZulu. Kubhekwe nezinsizakuhlaziya ezintathu ezihambisana nokuzila esiZulwini. Isahluko sesine singokuzilela isifo. Kukhulunywe ngokukhala lapho kufiwe. Ukuhambelana lapho kufiwe kwenzeka kusaphalalwe umkhosi ngesifo, kwenzeke nasemuva komngcwabo. Ukuzila kwehlukene ngemikhakha. Kuyenzeka kuqalwe kusagulwa. Kuyashiyana ukuzila kwamalungu omndeni. Abafelokazi bazila isikhathi eside kunawo wonke amalungu omndeni. Amadoda avamise ukuzila ngenhliziyo. Esinye sezizathu zokuzila kwawo ngenhliziyo ukuba nesithembu. Umnumzane onesithembu akakwazi ukuzilela lo oshonile bebe besaphila abanye. Isahluko sesihlanu sididiyele ukugonqa nokugoya. Kwehlukanisiwe ukugonqa nokugoya. Ukugoya kwenziwa umalokazane emveni kokuchanguza emzini. Ukugonqa imikhuleko lapho kuthonjiswa khona izingane, kwemuliswa, ngomncamo nangomkhehlo. Umgonqo othe ukwehluka ngowamathwasa. Ukugonqa okuningi kulapho kukhuliswa khona izingane. Zigonqa kakhulu nakaningana izingane ezingamantombazane kunezingabafana. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi umuntu wesifazane nguyena oqiniswayo. Uneqhaza elikhulu emasikweni esiZulu. Yibona abesifazane abalinda isidumbu ubusuku nemini. Banenimba nesineke sokukhulisa izingane. Banesineke sokweluleka izingane ngakho-ke kumele bawulungele lo msebenzi wokwakha isizwe. Yibona abesifazane abathwala izingane izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye.

isiZulu text / Esahlukweni sokuqala, besingenisa ucwaningo lonkana futhi sethula nenjongo yalolu cwaningo ukuze ofundayo asheshe abe nesithombe ngokuzolandela ezahlukweni ezilandelayo. Sizamile ukuveza isisekelo nokubaluleka kwalolu cwaningo njengoba sivezile ukuthi isicwaningwe kakhulu imibhalo yabesilisa ngakho-ke sizoke sibheke eyabesifazane neyabesilisa sicubungula ukuthi yibaphi abethula abalingiswa besifazane kangcono kunabanye. Sibe sesibheka nezindlela zokuhluza imibhalo. Kuso lesi sahluko sethule isakhiwo socwaningo lapho siveze zonke izahluko nokuthi yini umongo wesahluko ngasinye. Esahlukweni sesibili, bese singena-ke sigxila kuzo izindlela zokucubungula imibhalo ezikhethelwe lolu cwaningo. Kulolu cwaningo sigxile kakhulu kuyiwumanizimu nesemiyothikhi. Sizichazile-ke lezi zindlela zokucubungula imibhalo. Isemiyothikhi inezimpawu eziningi ezithinta abalingiswa emibhalweni esiyivezile sayichaza kafuphi. Esahlukweni sesithathu, sibe sesiqala wona umshikashika wokucubungula imibhalo engamanoveli ebhalwe ngabesifazane. Kuningi ebe kade singakubheka emanovelini kodwa ngoba injongo yalolu cwaningo lwethu ukubheka ukuthi abesifazane bethulwe kanjani nezinto ezibathintayo sisebenzise izimpawu ezimbalwa. Sibone kuzosiza ukuqale siyifingqe indaba yonke bese sidingida lezo zinto esizibone zithinta abesifazane enovelini. Esahlukweni sesine, sicubungule amanoveli abhalwe ngabesilisa ngenhloso yokuthola ukuthi bavezwe kanjani abesifazane ngababhali besilisa. Besifisa ukubona ukuthi ukonakala okuye kuvezwe ngabesilisa emibhalweni ngabesifazane kukuliphi izinga. Esahlukweni sesihlanu, bese sisonga, sincoma sibuka esikwenzile esahlukweni ngasinye. Kubuye kwabaluleka ukuba sibheke ukuthi empeleni yibaphi ababhali phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa abaveza abalingiswa besifazane kangcono sisho nezizathu ezenza sithi uhlobo lwababhali oluthize lubethula kangcono abalingiswa besifazane. Ake sijeqeze kancane khona ukwethulwa kwabalingiswa sesisonga lolu cwaningo lwethu. / Chapter 1 is introducing the research and introduces its aim so that it could be easy for the reader to depict what the whole study will be about. This chapter has also laid the background to the study as it has been said that lot of research has been done with books written by males. The focus will be on both male and female writers trying to find out who portrays female characters better. We therefore looked at the ways of analyzing literature and the structure and the gist of each chapters. Chapter 2 we engaged in theory or the ways of analyzing literature that is used in this research. The study will mostly embark on womanism and semiotics which have been described. Chapter 3 focuses on analyzing novels written by female writers Msimang Nelisile, Shange Maphili, Langa Zakithi and Zulu Nelisiwe. The focus is on the women portrayal. The chapter starts with a summary. Chapter 4 has its focus on analyzing novels written by male writers Molefe Lawrence and Wanda Mjajisi. The aim was also to find out how women are portrayed by male authors. We wanted to find out the extent of the corruption of female characters as portrayed by males in their literature. Chapter 5 this chapter summarizes and appreciates what has been done in other chapters. There was also a need to compare between the male and female writers, who portrayed females better than the other and give reasons for that judgment. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

isiZulu text / Esahlukweni sokuqala, besingenisa ucwaningo lonkana futhi sethula nenjongo yalolu cwaningo ukuze ofundayo asheshe abe nesithombe ngokuzolandela ezahlukweni ezilandelayo. Sizamile ukuveza isisekelo nokubaluleka kwalolu cwaningo njengoba sivezile ukuthi isicwaningwe kakhulu imibhalo yabesilisa ngakho-ke sizoke sibheke eyabesifazane neyabesilisa sicubungula ukuthi yibaphi abethula abalingiswa besifazane kangcono kunabanye. Sibe sesibheka nezindlela zokuhluza imibhalo. Kuso lesi sahluko sethule isakhiwo socwaningo lapho siveze zonke izahluko nokuthi yini umongo wesahluko ngasinye. Esahlukweni sesibili, bese singena-ke sigxila kuzo izindlela zokucubungula imibhalo ezikhethelwe lolu cwaningo. Kulolu cwaningo sigxile kakhulu kuyiwumanizimu nesemiyothikhi. Sizichazile-ke lezi zindlela zokucubungula imibhalo. Isemiyothikhi inezimpawu eziningi ezithinta abalingiswa emibhalweni esiyivezile sayichaza kafuphi. Esahlukweni sesithathu, sibe sesiqala wona umshikashika wokucubungula imibhalo engamanoveli ebhalwe ngabesifazane. Kuningi ebe kade singakubheka emanovelini kodwa ngoba injongo yalolu cwaningo lwethu ukubheka ukuthi abesifazane bethulwe kanjani nezinto ezibathintayo sisebenzise izimpawu ezimbalwa. Sibone kuzosiza ukuqale siyifingqe indaba yonke bese sidingida lezo zinto esizibone zithinta abesifazane enovelini. Esahlukweni sesine, sicubungule amanoveli abhalwe ngabesilisa ngenhloso yokuthola ukuthi bavezwe kanjani abesifazane ngababhali besilisa. Besifisa ukubona ukuthi ukonakala okuye kuvezwe ngabesilisa emibhalweni ngabesifazane kukuliphi izinga. Esahlukweni sesihlanu, bese sisonga, sincoma sibuka esikwenzile esahlukweni ngasinye. Kubuye kwabaluleka ukuba sibheke ukuthi empeleni yibaphi ababhali phakathi kwabesifazane nabesilisa abaveza abalingiswa besifazane kangcono sisho nezizathu ezenza sithi uhlobo lwababhali oluthize lubethula kangcono abalingiswa besifazane. Ake sijeqeze kancane khona ukwethulwa kwabalingiswa sesisonga lolu cwaningo lwethu. / Chapter 1 is introducing the research and introduces its aim so that it could be easy for the reader to depict what the whole study will be about. This chapter has also laid the background to the study as it has been said that lot of research has been done with books written by males. The focus will be on both male and female writers trying to find out who portrays female characters better. We therefore looked at the ways of analyzing literature and the structure and the gist of each chapters. Chapter 2 we engaged in theory or the ways of analyzing literature that is used in this research. The study will mostly embark on womanism and semiotics which have been described. Chapter 3 focuses on analyzing novels written by female writers Msimang Nelisile, Shange Maphili, Langa Zakithi and Zulu Nelisiwe. The focus is on the women portrayal. The chapter starts with a summary. Chapter 4 has its focus on analyzing novels written by male writers Molefe Lawrence and Wanda Mjajisi. The aim was also to find out how women are portrayed by male authors. We wanted to find out the extent of the corruption of female characters as portrayed by males in their literature. Chapter 5 this chapter summarizes and appreciates what has been done in other chapters. There was also a need to compare between the male and female writers, who portrayed females better than the other and give reasons for that judgment. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)