A acelerada dinâmica de uso das terras e a elevada incidência de pontos de queimadas observadas na região da Amazônia Legal, na última década, atingiram proporções alarmantes, atraindo as atenções de políticos, ambientalistas e da sociedade em geral. Diferentes políticas, estratégias e ações de monitoramento e controle das queimadas foram propostas no decorrer desse período, com o objetivo de conter o deslocamento e o avanço da fronteira agrícola sobre as áreas de vegetação natural remanescente, mais especificamente sobre a Floresta Tropical Úmida. O Estado do Mato Grosso, localizado na região da Amazônia Legal, apresenta características especiais para o entendimento das relações entre a ocupação das terras e a incidência das queimadas, pois congrega em seu território uma importante diversidade ambiental e sócio econômica, favorecendo o desenvolvimento das análises propostas. Esta tese procurou identificar e mapear a dinâmica de queimadas no Estado do Mato Grosso e explicar suas principais condicionantes, baseando-se em análises espaciais e estatísticas, desenvolvidas com os dados de queimadas e de variáveis ambientais, econômicas e sociais. / The increasing dynamics in land use and the elevated incidence of fires observed during the last decade in the Legal Amazon have reached an alarming scale that attracted the attention of politicians, environmentalists and the society in general. Different policies, strategies and monitoring actions to the control of fires were proposed during this period, with the goal of restraining the movement and the advance of the agricultural frontier over the remaining natural vegetation, especially on areas of Tropical Rain Forrest. Mato Grosso State, located in the Legal Amazon, presents special characteristics for the understanding of the relationship between land occupation and the incidence of fires, for it congregates in its territory an important environmental and socioeconomic diversity. Based on spatial and statistical analyzes developed from fire data, as well as on environmental, economical and social variables, this thesis focuses on the identification, mapping and explanation of the main driving forces of fire dynamics in Mato Grosso State.

Submitted by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-06-10T12:58:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Adriano Knippelberg de Moraes.pdf: 1473908 bytes, checksum: 77b644b7098c01c934c8e5564697f53d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-06-10T16:39:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Adriano Knippelberg de Moraes.pdf: 1473908 bytes, checksum: 77b644b7098c01c934c8e5564697f53d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-10T16:39:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2015_Adriano Knippelberg de Moraes.pdf: 1473908 bytes, checksum: 77b644b7098c01c934c8e5564697f53d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-09 / CAPES / Estudamos as transformações territoriais ocorridas no Centro-Norte, durante o período civil-militar (1964-1981), mais precisamente o Projeto de Colonização Canarana I, que veio a ser desenvolvido no município mato-grossense de Barra do Garças, no ano de 1972. Este projeto foi planejado e executado pela Cooperativa de Colonização 31 de Março LTDA (COOPERCOL), que reuniu pequenos agricultores de Tenente Portela, no Rio Grande do Sul e auxiliou lhes a migrar para o Mato Grosso. Este projeto e outros que foram implantados na Amazônia Legal, só foram possíveis devido a criação de um conjunto de leis e linhas de créditos que favoreceram aqueles que desejassem “adentrar a imensidão vazia” do território brasileiro. / We studying the territorial transformations occurred in North Central during the civil-military period (1964-1981), more precisely the Colonization Project Canarana I, who came to be developed in Mato Grosso city of Barra do Garças in 1972. This project was planned and executed by the Cooperative of Colonization March 31 LTDA (COOPERCOL), which brought together small farmers Tenente Portela, in Rio Grande do Sul and helped them to migrate to the Mato Grosso. This project and others that have been deployed in the Legal Amazon, were only possible due to the creation of a set of laws and credit lines that favored those who wished to "enter the empty immensity" of Brazil.

Este estudo busca propor uma análise do fenômeno de desmatamento ilegal da Reserva Legal, objetivando compreender os fatores que condicionaram o baixo enforcement exercido pelo Estado acerca do cumprimento das regras de conservação da Reserva Legal instituídas pela Lei nº 4.771 de 15 de setembro de 1965 e suas alterações (Código Florestal). Para tanto, foi necessário conhecer o estado da arte dos trabalhos científicos que abordam assuntos relacionados ao desmatamento ilegal da Reserva Legal, enfatizando pesquisas realizadas na Amazônia Legal, em particular no Estado de Mato Grosso, e ao mesmo tempo entender o ambiente institucional de criação e construção das regras de conservação da vegetação nativa dentro da propriedade rural, sobretudo a Lei 4.771 de 15 de setembro de 1965 (Código Florestal). Sendo assim, assumindo a análise da relação do Estado com a sociedade como um fator crucial ao entendimento da pergunta central do trabalho, apropriou-se de alguns conceitos da Teoria do Estado capitalista de Nicos Poulantzas, como modo de produção, classe social e poder, sob a ótica que o Estado não é sujeito tão pouco coisa ou objeto de uma determinada classe ou frações de classe, mas sim a condensação das contradições existentes entre as diversas práticas de classe numa formação social, permitindo a manutenção ou subversão da unidade desta formação. Neste sentido, optou-se por uma primeira aproximação acerca da formação econômico-social do Estado de Mato Grosso, pois diversas propriedades rurais localizadas nesta porção do território brasileiro ainda apresentam o mesmo proprietário que realizara a retirada da vegetação nativa para o estabelecimento do monocultivo. Com efeito, buscando uma contextualização do estudo em questão em virtude de evidências empíricas de áreas de Reserva Legal inferiores ao limite mínimo exigido em lei, optou-se pela análise de propriedades rurais localizadas no município de Sorriso, Mato Grosso. Todas as propriedades rurais dos sojicutores entrevistados que realizaram o desmatamento até 1995 apresentaram passivo ambiental em relação à Reserva Legal. Assim, justifica-se o reduzido enforcement do Estado em relação ao cumprimento da regra acerca da Reserva Legal no município de Sorriso, ao período do início da colonização privada da década de 1970 até a primeira metade da década de 1990, pela permanência dos interesses da classe latifundiária e dos grandes produtores no poder do Estado. Desta maneira, não fazia parte no horizonte dos seus interesses dentro de sua prática de classe, permitir que sua principal atividade fosse obliterada pelas regras de conservação da Reserva Legal. Importante lembrar que no Estado de Mato Grosso, os interesses ambientalistas passaram a ter força social e ser representados como classe lutando pelos seus interesses no seio do poder do Estado, a partir da década de 1990. / This study expects to set an analysis about the illegal deforestation phenomenum of the Legal Reserve in many brazilian rural properties in order to clarify the driven factors of the lack State enforcement related to formal rules conservation of natural cover vegetation inside rural propertires instituted by the federal law 4.771, September 15, 1965 (Brazilian Forest Code). Thus it was necessary to access the actual state of the art in scientific research related to the illegal deforestation of Legal Reserve, aiming scientific studies developed in the Legal Amazon, in particular in the State of Mato Grosso. At the same time, it was needed to understand the institutional environment related to the creation of natural vegetation conservation rules for rural properties, in particular the institution of the Brazilian Forest Code. Assuming the analysis of the State and society relation as a key factor to solve the main question of this dissertation, a theoretical framework proposed by Nicos Poulantzas to explain the Capitalist State was chosen. In fact some key concepts based on his theory, such as social class, power and means of production were aplied in a case study (rural properties from Sorriso, State of Mato Grosso) structured on his proposal that the State does not mean the subject or the object of some specific class, but the contradictions consolidation from the class conflicts in a social formation. The State of Mato Grosso was chosen as a result of many rural properties there still have the same owner which provided the deforestation of natural cover vegetation. This fact was empirically observed in some rural properties of Sorriso, where levels of Legal Reserve conservation were below than permitted by the Brazilian Forest Code. Nevertheless, in order to give a scientific basis to the case study, an analysis of the economic and social formation of the State of Mato Grosso was constructed. The levels of Legal Reserve in all rural properties analised were bellow than the legal limities related to the Forest Code. Then, the lack State enforcement of formal rules related to conservation of natural cover vegetation inside rural propertires for the analised period can be explained by the continue presence in the State power of the landlord class and big farm producers interests. Based on the last observation, the class strugle in the State power would not aloud to have it´s mains activity constrained by the conservation rules of the Forest Code. It´s important to remember that environmental interests became to have a class representation in the State of Mato Grosso in the early nineties decade.

Este estudo busca propor uma análise do fenômeno de desmatamento ilegal da Reserva Legal, objetivando compreender os fatores que condicionaram o baixo enforcement exercido pelo Estado acerca do cumprimento das regras de conservação da Reserva Legal instituídas pela Lei nº 4.771 de 15 de setembro de 1965 e suas alterações (Código Florestal). Para tanto, foi necessário conhecer o estado da arte dos trabalhos científicos que abordam assuntos relacionados ao desmatamento ilegal da Reserva Legal, enfatizando pesquisas realizadas na Amazônia Legal, em particular no Estado de Mato Grosso, e ao mesmo tempo entender o ambiente institucional de criação e construção das regras de conservação da vegetação nativa dentro da propriedade rural, sobretudo a Lei 4.771 de 15 de setembro de 1965 (Código Florestal). Sendo assim, assumindo a análise da relação do Estado com a sociedade como um fator crucial ao entendimento da pergunta central do trabalho, apropriou-se de alguns conceitos da Teoria do Estado capitalista de Nicos Poulantzas, como modo de produção, classe social e poder, sob a ótica que o Estado não é sujeito tão pouco coisa ou objeto de uma determinada classe ou frações de classe, mas sim a condensação das contradições existentes entre as diversas práticas de classe numa formação social, permitindo a manutenção ou subversão da unidade desta formação. Neste sentido, optou-se por uma primeira aproximação acerca da formação econômico-social do Estado de Mato Grosso, pois diversas propriedades rurais localizadas nesta porção do território brasileiro ainda apresentam o mesmo proprietário que realizara a retirada da vegetação nativa para o estabelecimento do monocultivo. Com efeito, buscando uma contextualização do estudo em questão em virtude de evidências empíricas de áreas de Reserva Legal inferiores ao limite mínimo exigido em lei, optou-se pela análise de propriedades rurais localizadas no município de Sorriso, Mato Grosso. Todas as propriedades rurais dos sojicutores entrevistados que realizaram o desmatamento até 1995 apresentaram passivo ambiental em relação à Reserva Legal. Assim, justifica-se o reduzido enforcement do Estado em relação ao cumprimento da regra acerca da Reserva Legal no município de Sorriso, ao período do início da colonização privada da década de 1970 até a primeira metade da década de 1990, pela permanência dos interesses da classe latifundiária e dos grandes produtores no poder do Estado. Desta maneira, não fazia parte no horizonte dos seus interesses dentro de sua prática de classe, permitir que sua principal atividade fosse obliterada pelas regras de conservação da Reserva Legal. Importante lembrar que no Estado de Mato Grosso, os interesses ambientalistas passaram a ter força social e ser representados como classe lutando pelos seus interesses no seio do poder do Estado, a partir da década de 1990. / This study expects to set an analysis about the illegal deforestation phenomenum of the Legal Reserve in many brazilian rural properties in order to clarify the driven factors of the lack State enforcement related to formal rules conservation of natural cover vegetation inside rural propertires instituted by the federal law 4.771, September 15, 1965 (Brazilian Forest Code). Thus it was necessary to access the actual state of the art in scientific research related to the illegal deforestation of Legal Reserve, aiming scientific studies developed in the Legal Amazon, in particular in the State of Mato Grosso. At the same time, it was needed to understand the institutional environment related to the creation of natural vegetation conservation rules for rural properties, in particular the institution of the Brazilian Forest Code. Assuming the analysis of the State and society relation as a key factor to solve the main question of this dissertation, a theoretical framework proposed by Nicos Poulantzas to explain the Capitalist State was chosen. In fact some key concepts based on his theory, such as social class, power and means of production were aplied in a case study (rural properties from Sorriso, State of Mato Grosso) structured on his proposal that the State does not mean the subject or the object of some specific class, but the contradictions consolidation from the class conflicts in a social formation. The State of Mato Grosso was chosen as a result of many rural properties there still have the same owner which provided the deforestation of natural cover vegetation. This fact was empirically observed in some rural properties of Sorriso, where levels of Legal Reserve conservation were below than permitted by the Brazilian Forest Code. Nevertheless, in order to give a scientific basis to the case study, an analysis of the economic and social formation of the State of Mato Grosso was constructed. The levels of Legal Reserve in all rural properties analised were bellow than the legal limities related to the Forest Code. Then, the lack State enforcement of formal rules related to conservation of natural cover vegetation inside rural propertires for the analised period can be explained by the continue presence in the State power of the landlord class and big farm producers interests. Based on the last observation, the class strugle in the State power would not aloud to have it´s mains activity constrained by the conservation rules of the Forest Code. It´s important to remember that environmental interests became to have a class representation in the State of Mato Grosso in the early nineties decade.

The purpose of this work was to present and apply an analytical tool to the flows of goods and income between economic agents and the environment that allows us to calculate the Environmental Gross Domestic Product (EGDP) for Brazilian Legal Amazon. In order to achieve this goal the Environmental Social Accounting Matrix (ESAM) was developed. The model was developed from the traditional Social Accounting Matrix, the Environmental Input-Output Analysis Models, and from the United Nations handbook on the System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accountings. The EGDP was calculated from the Environmental Input-Output Analysis, since the unavailability of data did not allow the application of the model of ESAM. The flows between the economy and the environment considered were the emissions of green house gases (depreciation of natural capital) and the investment needed to return the air to the same quality it had before being polluted. The results showed that the inclusion of depreciation of natural capital in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and in the added value (AV) calculation for each industry of the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region diminished the AV significantly in the industries of cattle (235%), soybean (77%), and other activities of livestock and agricultural (24%). In the Rest of Brazil, the industries with the highest impact of depreciation of natural capital on AV were soybean (30%), cattle (15%) and sugarcane (13%). The total EGDP of the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region was 15% smaller than its total GDP, whereas this difference for the rest of Brazil was 1%. Considering that the GDP is a component of economic wellbeing, the results show a significant reduction in economic wellbeing due to green house gas emissions released into the air by economic activities, mainly due to land use changes. The Environmental Social Accounting Matrix Model is a useful tool to help decision makers since it offers an analytical instrument for economic behavior and the impacts of economic activities on the environment. / The purpose of this work was to present and apply an analytical tool to the flows of goods and income between economic agents and the environment that allows us to calculate the Environmental Gross Domestic Product (EGDP) for Brazilian Legal Amazon. In order to achieve this goal the Environmental Social Accounting Matrix (ESAM) was developed. The model was developed from the traditional Social Accounting Matrix, the Environmental Input-Output Analysis Models, and from the United Nations handbook on the System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accountings. The EGDP was calculated from the Environmental Input-Output Analysis, since the unavailability of data did not allow the application of the model of ESAM. The flows between the economy and the environment considered were the emissions of green house gases (depreciation of natural capital) and the investment needed to return the air to the same quality it had before being polluted. The results showed that the inclusion of depreciation of natural capital in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and in the added value (AV) calculation for each industry of the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region diminished the AV significantly in the industries of cattle (235%), soybean (77%), and other activities of livestock and agricultural (24%). In the Rest of Brazil, the industries with the highest impact of depreciation of natural capital on AV were soybean (30%), cattle (15%) and sugarcane (13%). The total EGDP of the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region was 15% smaller than its total GDP, whereas this difference for the rest of Brazil was 1%. Considering that the GDP is a component of economic wellbeing, the results show a significant reduction in economic wellbeing due to green house gas emissions released into the air by economic activities, mainly due to land use changes. The Environmental Social Accounting Matrix Model is a useful tool to help decision makers since it offers an analytical instrument for economic behavior and the impacts of economic activities on the environment.

The purpose of this work was to present and apply an analytical tool to the flows of goods and income between economic agents and the environment that allows us to calculate the Environmental Gross Domestic Product (EGDP) for Brazilian Legal Amazon. In order to achieve this goal the Environmental Social Accounting Matrix (ESAM) was developed. The model was developed from the traditional Social Accounting Matrix, the Environmental Input-Output Analysis Models, and from the United Nations handbook on the System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accountings. The EGDP was calculated from the Environmental Input-Output Analysis, since the unavailability of data did not allow the application of the model of ESAM. The flows between the economy and the environment considered were the emissions of green house gases (depreciation of natural capital) and the investment needed to return the air to the same quality it had before being polluted. The results showed that the inclusion of depreciation of natural capital in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and in the added value (AV) calculation for each industry of the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region diminished the AV significantly in the industries of cattle (235%), soybean (77%), and other activities of livestock and agricultural (24%). In the Rest of Brazil, the industries with the highest impact of depreciation of natural capital on AV were soybean (30%), cattle (15%) and sugarcane (13%). The total EGDP of the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region was 15% smaller than its total GDP, whereas this difference for the rest of Brazil was 1%. Considering that the GDP is a component of economic wellbeing, the results show a significant reduction in economic wellbeing due to green house gas emissions released into the air by economic activities, mainly due to land use changes. The Environmental Social Accounting Matrix Model is a useful tool to help decision makers since it offers an analytical instrument for economic behavior and the impacts of economic activities on the environment. / The purpose of this work was to present and apply an analytical tool to the flows of goods and income between economic agents and the environment that allows us to calculate the Environmental Gross Domestic Product (EGDP) for Brazilian Legal Amazon. In order to achieve this goal the Environmental Social Accounting Matrix (ESAM) was developed. The model was developed from the traditional Social Accounting Matrix, the Environmental Input-Output Analysis Models, and from the United Nations handbook on the System of Integrated Environmental and Economic Accountings. The EGDP was calculated from the Environmental Input-Output Analysis, since the unavailability of data did not allow the application of the model of ESAM. The flows between the economy and the environment considered were the emissions of green house gases (depreciation of natural capital) and the investment needed to return the air to the same quality it had before being polluted. The results showed that the inclusion of depreciation of natural capital in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and in the added value (AV) calculation for each industry of the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region diminished the AV significantly in the industries of cattle (235%), soybean (77%), and other activities of livestock and agricultural (24%). In the Rest of Brazil, the industries with the highest impact of depreciation of natural capital on AV were soybean (30%), cattle (15%) and sugarcane (13%). The total EGDP of the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region was 15% smaller than its total GDP, whereas this difference for the rest of Brazil was 1%. Considering that the GDP is a component of economic wellbeing, the results show a significant reduction in economic wellbeing due to green house gas emissions released into the air by economic activities, mainly due to land use changes. The Environmental Social Accounting Matrix Model is a useful tool to help decision makers since it offers an analytical instrument for economic behavior and the impacts of economic activities on the environment.