A produção de microssistemas de análises totais (µTAS) tem sido objeto de esforços intensos pela comunidade científica. A necessidade de produção de uma plataforma que realize extração, amplificação e separação de DNA--um verdadeiro \"lab on a chip\"--é impulsionada pelas vantagens associadas com as análises em plataformas miniaturizadas. Esta Tese foca no desenvolvimento de métodos para análises de DNA em dispositivos microfluídicos que podem ser associados em µTAS. Inicialmente, foi feito o desenvolvimento de um novo método de extração em fase sólida em que a eficiência de extração depende da manipulação magnética das partículas e não do fluxo da solução através da fase sólida. A utilidade desta técnica em isolar DNA puro de alta qualidade (amplificável) a partir de uma amostra biológica complexa foi demonstrada através da purificação de DNA a partir de sangue total e a subsequente amplificação do fragmento do gene β-globina. A técnica descrita é rápida, simples e eficiente, permitindo uma recuperação de mais de 60% de DNA a partir de 600 nL de sangue em concentração suficiente para amplificação via reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Após o desenvolvimento da extração dinâmica de DNA em fase sólida (dSPE) em microchip de vidro, o método foi adaptado para o uso em microchips de poliéster-toner (PT). Além da extração, a amplificação e separação de DNA também foram realizadas em microchips de PT. O processo convencional de fabricação dos dispositivos de PT produz canais com 12 µm de profundidade. Este trabalho descreve um novo processo de fabricação dos microchips de PT com canais mais profundos. Uma cortadora a laser de CO2 é usada para definir a estrutura desejada no filme de poliéster recoberto com toner. Estes filmes de poliéster recobertos com toner e os canais recortados são utilizados com partes intermediárias no microchip. A tampa e a base (filmes de poliéster) são laminadas juntamente com as partes intermediárias. Desta forma microchips com canais mais profundos podem ser criados. Microchips com 4 filmes de poliéster (base, tampa, e dois filmes centrais) foram utilizados para realizar dSPE. Estes microchips possuem canais com ~270 µm de profundidade. A dSPE adaptada para os microchips de PT demonstrou ser capaz de extrair eficientemente DNA (~65%), e o DNA purificado apresentou qualidade suficiente para PCR. A PCR realizada em microchips de PT demonstrou que os dispositivos de PT são compatíveis com os reagentes da PCR e o sucesso da reação de PCR foi demonstrado através da amplificação do fragmento de 520 pares de bases do λ-DNA. A possibilidade de manipular diferentes soluções que são necessárias para realizar a extração e a PCR demonstra o grande potencial desta plataforma para realizar análises genéticas. Além da extração e amplificação, a separação também foi demonstrada nos dispositivos de PT. Duas integrações foram feitas nos microchips de PT, dSPE-PCR e PCR-separação. Na primeira integração a dSPE e PCR foram realizadas em uma única câmara, e a amplificação do fragmento de 520 pb do λ-DNA foi demonstrada. Na segunda integração, o dispositivo foi fabricado com espessuras diferentes para os diferentes domínios. No domínio da PCR as câmaras possuem profundidade de ~270 µm de profundidade, e para o domínio da eletroforese os canais apresentam 12 µm de profundidade. A integração realizada sem válvulas foi demonstrada através da amplificação e detecção do fragmento de 520 pb do λ-DNA em um mesmo microchip. Este trabalho demonstra o grande potencial dos microchips de PT para produzir dispositivos descartáveis totalmente integrados para análise genética. / Efforts to develop a microfluidic-based total analysis system (µTAS) have been intense in the scientific community. The goal of achieving a device comprising DNA extraction, amplification, and detection in a single device, a true \"lab on a chip,\" is driven by the substantial advantages associated with such a device. This Thesis focus on development of methods for DNA analysis on microdevices, that can be associated with µTAS. Sequentially, the first step was the development of a novel solid-phase extraction technique in which DNA is bound and eluted from magnetic silica beads in a manner that efficiency is dependent on the magnetic manipulation of the beads and not on the flow of solution through a packed bed. The utility of this technique in the isolation of reasonably pure, PCR-amplifiable DNA from complex samples is shown by isolating DNA from whole human blood, and subsequently amplifying a fragment of the β-globin gene. The technique described here is rapid, simple, and efficient, allowing for recovery of more than 60% of DNA from 600 nL of blood at a concentration which is suitable for PCR amplification. The second step was the use of polyester-toner (PT) microchips for DNA analysis (extraction, PCR and separation). The laser-printing of toner onto polyester films has been shown to be effective for generating PT microfluidic devices with channel depths on the order of 12 µm. We describe a novel and innovative process that allows for the production of multilayer PT microdevices with substantially larger channel depths. Utilizing a CO2 laser to create the microchannel in polyester sheets containing a uniform layer of printed toner, multilayer devices can easily be constructed by sandwiching the channel layer between uncoated cover sheets of polyester containing precut access holes. The process allows for the fabrication of channels several hundred microns in depth, with ~270 µm deep microchannels utilized here to demonstrate the effectiveness of multilayer PT microchips for dynamic solid phase extraction (dSPE) and PCR amplification. Dynamic SPE adapted for PT microchip was able to recover more than 65% of DNA from 600 nL of blood and the DNA was compatible with downstream microchip-based PCR amplification. The compatibility of PT microchips was demonstrated by successful amplification of a 520 bp fragment of λ-phage DNA. The ability to handle the diverse chemistries associated with DNA purtification and extraction is a testimony to potential utility of PT microchips beyond separations, and presents a promising new platform for genetic analysis that is low cost and easy to fabricate. Two integrations were carrying out on PT microchip, dSPE - PCR and PCR-ME. The first integration was made in a single chamber and the amplification of 520 bp fragment of λ-phage was demonstrated. The second integration describes a process that allows the production of a multidomain microchip with different channel depths for the different domains for genetic analysis. The final device was made by the conventional sandwiching of the four polyester films of the PCR domain with the two polyester films for the electrophoresis domain. The successful valveless integration of PCR and separation was demonstrated by amplification and detection of a 520 bp fragment of λ-phage DNA. This work shows the enormous potential of PT microchips to be used for total genetic analysis.

The master’s thesis is concerned with the evaluation of financial situation of a company. The first part of the work is focused on the presentation of activities of the company as well as on the determination of its present-day state. The master’s thesis uses mainly financial analysis methods whose theoretical basis is introduced in the second part, being followed by the practical application on the situation in the company. Based on the achieved findings, some steps are put forward to help to improve the financial condition of the company.

In this thesis an ionospheric tomographic algorithm called Multi-Instrument Data Anal- ysis System (MIDAS) is used to reconstruct electron density profiles using the Global Positioning System (GPS) data recorded from 53 GPS receivers over the South African region. MIDAS, developed by the Invert group at the University of Bath in the UK, is an inversion algorithm that produces a time dependent 3D image of the electron density of the ionosphere. GPS receivers record the time delay and phase advance of the trans- ionospheric GPS signals that traverse through the ionosphere from which the ionospheric parameter called Total Electron Content (TEC) can be computed. TEC, the line integral of the electron density along the satellite-receiver signal path, is ingested by ionospheric tomographic algorithms such as MIDAS to produce a time dependent 3D electron density profile. In order to validate electron density profiles from MIDAS, MIDAS derived NmF2 values were compared with ionosonde derived NmF2 values extracted from their respective 1D electron density profiles at 15 minute intervals for all four South African ionosonde stations (Grahamstown, Hermanus, Louisvale, and Madimbo). MIDAS 2D images of the electron density showed good diurnal and seasonal patterns; where a comparison of the 2D images at 12h00 UT for all the validation days exhibited maximum electron concentration during the autumn and summer and a minimum during the winter. A root mean square error (rmse) value as small as 0.88x 10¹¹[el=m³] was calculated for the Louisvale ionosonde station during the winter season and a maximum rmse value of 1.92x 10¹¹[el=m³] was ob- tained during the autumn season. The r² values were the least during the autumn and relatively large during summer and winter; similarly the rmse values were found to be a maximum during the autumn and a minimum during the winter indicating that MIDAS performs better during the winter than during the autumn and spring seasons. It is also observed that MIDAS performs better at Louisvale and Madimbo than at Grahamstown and Hermanus. In conclusion, the MIDAS reconstruction has showed good agreement with the ionosonde measurements; therefore, MIDAS can be considered a useful tool to study the ionosphere over the South African region.

Orientador: José Maria Campos dos Santos / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T18:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_ElsonCesar_D.pdf: 11465202 bytes, checksum: 1ad71136d449760c1a551cda489beaca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, estudam-se fenômenos de propagação de ondas acústicas em cavidades unidimensionais e bidimensionais e se propõe uma metodologia para a análise do comportamento acústico com o objetivo de identificar a propagação de onda nessas estruturas em médias e altas frequências. Para isso se utilizou os métodos originados da Análise de Fluxo de Energia (EFA) que têm como variáveis primárias a densidade de energia e fluxo de energia. Duas formulações foram usadas para resolver as equações diferenciais de energia aproximada derivada do EFA: o Método dos Elementos Finitos de Energia (EFEM) e o Método do Elemento Espectral de Energia (ESEM). O Método do Elemento Espectral (SEM) foi outra formulação estudada para resolver as equações diferenciais de propagações de ondas em cavidades acústicas unidimensionais, bem como para validar a metodologia proposta. Diferentes tipos de cavidades acústicas unidimensionais foram investigadas e implementas tais como: guia de onda simples, guia de onda com descontinuidade geométrica e guia de onda com descontinuidade das propriedades médias. Para isso, desenvolveu-se relações de acoplamento que descrevem essas descontinuidades acústicas. Um exemplo simulado envolvendo uma cavidade acústica retangular fechada é analisado com ESEM e os resultados são comparados com aqueles obtidos pelo EFA, EFEM e a Solução Analítica Acústica (SAA) da equação forçada de Helmholtz para cavidades retangulares bidimensionais fechadas. Uma investigação experimental do comportamento acústico de uma cavidade acústica bidimensional fechada foi realizada para verificar e validar os resultados do ESEM. De maneira geral, se observou que os resultados obtidos pelos modelos simulados apresentaram um comportamento semelhante ao resultado encontrado experimentalmente / Abstract: In this research, propagation phenomena of acoustic waves in one-dimensional and two-dimensional cavities is investigated and a methodology, based on energy methods, is proposed to predict acoustic response of these structures, at mid and high frequencies. These methods, originated from Energy Flow Analysis, use as primary variables the energy density and the energy flow. Two methodologies are used to solve approximated energy differential equations derived from EFA: Energy Finite Element Method (EFEM) and Energy Spectral Element Method (ESEM). The Spectral Element Method (SEM), is used to solve the wave propagation differential equations of acoustic in one-dimensional cavities, moreover this method is applied to validate the proposed methodology. Different acoustics cavities were investigated, such as simple waveguide, waveguide with geometric discontinuity and waveguide with discontinuity of the average properties. To this purpose, coupling relationships that represent those discontinuities are developed. A simulated example involving a closed rectangular acoustic cavity is analyzed with ESEM and the results are compared with those obtained by EFA, the Energy Finite Element Method (EFEM) and the acoustic analytical solution (SAA) of forced Helmholtz equation for rectangular two-dimensional closed cavities. An experimental investigation of acoustic response of a closed two-dimensional acoustic cavity was performed to verify the results of ESEM. The simulated models results, calculated in terms of energy variables, to analyze cavity, showed a good agreement with the experimental result / Doutorado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

The master’s thesis is concerned with analysis of the financial situation of international company Step Agency s.r.o.. This thesis is divided into three parts. In the theoretical part, individual methods and indicators of financial analysis are defined. In the practical part, these indicators are calculated and achieved results are interpreted. In the final part are introduced suggestions that will lead into improvement of the total state of company and company productivity.

This thesis uses system approach methodology to information security. It performs analysis of the company, and based on the result, creates security manual for ISMS implementation.

This master's thesis deals with the geographic information systems   with an emphasis on so - called vector analysis . The aim of the thesis is to create a library that implements the internal representation   of geographic data and performs analytical operation over them .  The thesis describes the logical structure of the application and the hierarchy of abstract classes . In the form of pseudo -code is shown a set of individual computing operations . Work is strongly based on geographic system GRASS. This GIS is connectable through  import and export vector data in shapefile format. Concept of   storing layers is designed for ease of data manipulation and  their portability . The main idea behind the application is to split the library into individual modules . These modules are  independent , but also can benefit from each other's functions . In conclusion are demonstrated implemented vector analysis and  representation of their calculation .

This work describes the SCAP standards (Security Content Automation Protocol) determining the level of computer security and the OpenSCAP library providing a framework to the SCAP standards. It also describes the way of designing and creating security tool using the OpenSCAP library. This tool enables to search for known, potential system vulnerabilities and check the system configuration according to previously set criteria.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) is an emerging technology which is the initial step for the forthcoming generation of communication. It uses Labels in order to identify the packets unlike the conventional IP Routing Mechanism which uses the routing table at each router to route the packet. MPLS uses the techniques of FRR with the help of RSVP/CR-LDP to overcome the link and/or node failures in the network. On the other hand there are certain limitations/drawbacks of using the above mechanisms for Failure Detection and Recovery which are multiple protocols such as RSVP/CR-LDP over OSPF/IS-IS and complex algorithms to generate backup paths since each router works individually in order to create a backup tunnel. So to overcome the listed limitations, this paper discusses a new technique for MPLS Networks which is Source Routing \cite{48}. Source Routing is the technique in which the source plays the role of directing the packet to the destination and no other router plays the role of routing the packet in the network. Using the OPNET Modeler 17.5 tool for implementing source routing when there is a network failure is performed and the results are compared by implementing RSVP/CR-LDP over the same failed network. The comparative results show that the network performance is best in the case of Source Routing implementation as compared to the RSVP and CR-LDP signaling over the MPLS Networks.

Das Thema behandelt die Analyse stochastischer technischer Systeme mittels Regressionsrechnung. Ausgehend von einer Modellbildung erfolgt eine Messdatenerfassung der Eingangs- und Ausgangsparameter in einer Messreihe. Die Messdaten werden einer Polynomregression unterworfen. Über die Berechnung des Bestimmtheitsmaßes erfolgt die Beurteilung der Güte der Anpassung der Regressionsfunktion an das Datenmaterial. Der Polynomgrad kann variiert werden um die Güte der Anpassung zu beeinflussen. Der Geltungsbereich der Regressionsfunktion wird festgelegt. Als Beispiel wird die Analyse eines Dampferzeugers vorgenommen. Die ermittelte Regressionsfunktion stellt die Übertragungsfunktion des Dampferzeugers dar, mit der weitere Eigenschaften des Systems (Wirkungsgradverlauf, Verlustleistungsverlauf) abgeleitet und dargestellt werden. Zur mathematischen Bearbeitung wird das Computer-Algebra-System MathCAD verwendet.