Les champignons sont des biocontaminants courants des environnements intérieurs. De nombreuses études ont démontré leur rôle dans la dégradation des supports que ces microorganismes colonisent tels que les matériaux de construction, les ouvrages ou les œuvres d'art. De plus, ces biocontaminants sont susceptibles d'induire des allergies, des infections, des toxi-infections ou encore des irritations. Depuis 2005, une technique de détection de la croissance fongique, basée sur la recherche de traceurs chimiques spécifiques dans l'air, et un indice de contamination fongique (ICF), ont été développés et validés au cours de différentes campagnes de mesures dans l'habitat, les bureaux, les écoles, les crèches… L'objectivation d'une croissance fongique dans un environnement s'appuie sur des prélèvements par adsorption, une analyse chromatographique au laboratoire (GC/MS) et le calcul de l'ICF. Dans le cadre de la surveillance de la qualité microbiologique de l'air des environnements intérieurs, cette thèse a pour ambition de prolonger ces travaux en développant notamment un système de microcapteurs chimiques adapté à la mesure in situ. Cette recherche repose à la fois sur la méthode de détection fongique développée au CSTB et sur l'expertise scientifique et technique de l'ESIEE en matière de miniaturisation d'instruments de mesure, grâce à l'apport des microtechnologies. Le premier axe de cette étude a consisté à identifier expérimentalement les COV du métabolisme fongique spécifiques d'un développement sur des matériaux du patrimoine. Ces molécules ont permis de consolider l'ICF et de définir deux indices spécifiques à la problématique des sites patrimoniaux, validés dans des châteaux, musées, bibliothèques, grottes ornées… Le second axe porte, d'une part, sur la conception la réalisation et la caractérisation des briques élémentaires du microsystème d'analyse, à savoir un module de préconcentration (adsorption TENAX), un module de séparation (microGC) et un module de détection (capteurs polymères) et d'autre part sur les intégrations et pilotage de ces briques / Fungi are common microbial contaminants of indoor environments. Many studies have demonstrated their role in the partial or total degradation of materials they colonize such as building materials, or works of art. Moreover, those microbial contaminants are likely to lead to allergies, infections, poisoning or irritation. Since 2005, a new technique based on researching specific chemical tracers in the air, was developed and validated during different measurement campaigns. This approach is now applied to various indoor environments (houses, offices, schools, child care centers…) and allows the detection of recent and/or hidden contamination. The purpose of this work is to study and characterize a rapid and continuous air analysing microsystem for detection of fungal contamination in closed spaces. This study falls within the field of monitoring air microbiological quality in indoor environments. In addition to the time saved by the absence of any laboratory analysis, this system must provide a permanent monitoring of environments frequented by people, such as museums, schools, hospitals... This research is based both on the fungal detection method developed by CSTB and on scientific and technical expertise of ESIEE : specialised in design and manufacturing of miniaturized analysis systems obtained using microtechnology. The first step of this study was to define the compounds' nature to be detected for different cases of contamination along with the sampling strategy for the system. The second step focuses on the microstructures design and fabrication to be used in microanalytical system based on gas chromatography and the development of a miniaturised analysis system. So the first part of the study consisted in defining specific fungal contamination tracers for heritage conservation sites. This list allowed to reinforce a fungal contamination index for indoor environments and to define two specific indexes designed for heritage conservation sites. The validation of these different indexes allowed checking their compliance with those types of environments (castles, museums, libraries, decorated caves...) by detecting all cases of contamination, along with the control remediation of former contaminated environments. The second part of the study enabled the design and validation of three main modules constitutive of the microanalytical system based on gas chromatography. A miniaturised analysis system based on three modules has been developed

This thesis is interested in format of executable files EXE. It is focused on parts relevant for reverse engineering. It is interested in assembler, binary representation of instruction and disassembling. Follow I introduce converting from executables to control flow graph, basic structures (branches, cycles) detection.

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ВКР (магистерская диссертация) состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, библиографического списка, включающего 92 наименования, 10 приложений. Работа включает 11 таблиц и 6 рисунков. Общий объем ВКР (магистерской диссертации) – 96 страниц. Цель исследования – опираясь на теоретические и практические основы науки об экономическом аудите, проанализировать современные методы анализа проектов умных городов. Опираясь на опыт отечественных и зарубежных исследователей разработать авторских алгоритм аудита проектов умных городов. Научная новизна исследования состоит в разработке авторского алгоритма аудита проектов умных городов по эффективному управлению реализации проектов умных городов. Практическая значимость исследования заключается в применении авторского алгоритма в развитии проектов умных городов и получение объективных данных по проектам умного города. Эффективность рекомендаций – предложенные автором рекомендации по эффективному управлению реализацией проектов умных городов, помогут реально оценивать перспективы проекта и получить колоссальную экономию за счет сокращения издержек на реализацию. Рекомендации помогут выявлять эффективность реализации и факт нецелевого использования финансовых и материальных ресурсов. / The master's thesis (master's thesis) consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, a bibliography including 92 titles, 10 appendices. The work includes 11 tables and 6 figures. The total volume of the master's thesis (master's thesis) is 96 pages. The purpose of the study is to analyze modern methods of analyzing smart city projects based on the theoretical and practical foundations of the science of economic auditing. Based on the experience of domestic and foreign researchers, develop a proprietary algorithm for auditing smart city projects. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of the author's algorithm for auditing smart city projects for the effective management of the implementation of smart city projects. The practical significance of the study lies in the application of the author’s algorithm in the development of smart city projects and obtaining objective data on smart city projects. The effectiveness of recommendations - the recommendations proposed by the author for the effective management of the implementation of smart city projects will help to realistically assess the prospects of the project and obtain enormous savings by reducing implementation costs. The recommendations will help identify the effectiveness of implementation and the fact of inappropriate use of financial and material resources.

近年來，由於醫學技術進步使世界各國人民帄均壽命延長，加上通貨膨脹的影響，使得老年人在退休時是否擁有充足的財富來因應生活支出成為退休規劃中的重要議題。而由於年金兩難(Annuity Puzzle)的問題，個人積蓄在退休時點就立即用於購買年金保險是否為一個好的退休規劃仍有待考慮。故本文中提出遞延購買年金策略，退休人可考慮進行自我資產配置一段期間後再年金化，並進一步分析資產配置期間長度改變或消費水準改變時的影響。 本文為退休者建立兩種效用函數，第一種為未來單一時點之效用、第二種為多期折現之加總效用，並分別探討由各效用求出的退休後最適資產配置。本文並參考Lee, Yung-Tsung (2009)推導出兩效用函數之理論值，以取代模擬值，並利用格子點分析縮小求解的範圍。 第一種效用關注於每一給定的未來時點上，我們可用於推估最佳年金化時點及其資產配置。由類似mean-variance的形式組成此效用函數，並考慮隨年紀增長而提高風險趨避程度。令最適投資之效用與一完全購買年金者之帳戶價值於各個時點上相比，便可決定何時為最佳年金化時點。我們並分析不同風險態度的退休者的結果，越風險趨避者越適宜較早年金化。 第二種效用則先決定資產配置計畫的長度，所求得之最適投資將考慮到計畫過程中的要求，而非只有最後一點的目標。我們將分析資產配置計畫過程中、不同計畫長度下，以及不同消費水準時最適投資比例的變化。 兩種效用函數下皆有採用Regular Rebalance及Multiple Period Rebalance的投資策略。Multiple Period Rebalance並未明顯帶來更好的效用，因此選擇以Regular Rebalance進行各項參數敏感度的格子點分析。 / When people retire, purchasing the annuity insurances using their retirement fund is one way against the longevity risk. However, it has some shortcoming; the annual payment may be insufficient for daily life consumption, can’t be adjusted for any urgent need (liquidity risk), and moreover, if the policyholders unfortunately pass away early, they couldn’t leave the rest policy account value as bequest. Under these considerations, many people won’t purchase the annuity insurances right away at retirement; they can do their consumption choices and do asset allocation at the mean time like as ―self-annuitization‖(the ―investment/consumption plan‖, 2006, Gerrard, Haberman and Vigna), and then convert their portfolios into annuity pension on an adequate moment post-retirement to solve the longevity problem. This paper constructs two kinds of retiree’s utility functions according a time-series of safety level. The first one focuses on one future timing, and we use it to investigate the adequate annuitization timing. The more risk taker a retiree is, the later he annuitizes. The second one summarizes the utilities each timing during a period after retirement, and we use it to analysis the sensitivities for the optimal asset allocation. Both of the two analyses are discussed under two investment strategies, regular rebalance and multiple-period rebalance.

Este trabalho tem por finalidade apontar determinados aspectos que nortearam algumas das principais especulações realizadas no campo da nova vocalidade na música escrita no despontar do século XX. A prática da voz inserida no mundo moderno se desenvolve com as bruscas mudanças que alteram os parâmetros da produção musical e da compreensão dos elementos de musicalidade que surgem nas primeiras décadas do século passado. Sucintamente, aborda o espectro de percepções estéticas e cognitivas que um ouvinte carrega em seu intelecto e o ambiente histórico de uma obra que são fundamentos para a contemplação, reflexão e que permitem entender a voz. Essa prática que se foi acrescendo paulatinamente de \"novos\" recursos tomados \"emprestados\" da prática da emissão vocal na fala e no canto cotidiano traz nova oralidade e vocalidade, fazendo surgir uma \"nova\" sonoridade que futuramente se intensificará em múltiplas tendências, principalmente a partir do final dos anos 50 e início dos 60 do século XX. O seu florescimento estende-se até os dias atuais teve como ponto de partida muitas das reflexões e pesquisas que a Segunda Escola de Viena trouxe para a música. Para embasar este estudo foi levantado um conjunto de obras vocais de Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg e Edward Steuermann, que tem como ferramenta de análise a Teoria dos Conjuntos de Joseph Straus. / This paper aims at pointing out specific aspects that guided some of the main theories made in the field of new vocality in writing music that happened in the beginning of the 20th century. At that period the practice of speech inserted in the modern world was also developed by the sudden changes that altered the parameters of music production and the understanding of the elements of musicality. Shortly, this paper also discusses the spectrum of aesthetic and cognitive perceptions that a listener carries in his/her intellect and the historic setting which are grounds for contemplation and reflection for they allow the listener to understand the voice, and even extend the appreciation and understanding of the sound. Such practice gradually added to itself new features taken from vocal speech and everyday singing bringing new orality and voicing. This activity generated a \"new\" sound that would appear in multiple trends, mainly in the late 50s and early 60s of the 20th century. It is there up to the present days and it had as a starting point reflections and researches that the Second Viennese School brought to the music. To support this study a number of vocal works of Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg and Edward Steuermann, were taken into consideration, which use Joseph Straus\' Theory of Groups as tool for analysis

Este trabalho tem por finalidade apontar determinados aspectos que nortearam algumas das principais especulações realizadas no campo da nova vocalidade na música escrita no despontar do século XX. A prática da voz inserida no mundo moderno se desenvolve com as bruscas mudanças que alteram os parâmetros da produção musical e da compreensão dos elementos de musicalidade que surgem nas primeiras décadas do século passado. Sucintamente, aborda o espectro de percepções estéticas e cognitivas que um ouvinte carrega em seu intelecto e o ambiente histórico de uma obra que são fundamentos para a contemplação, reflexão e que permitem entender a voz. Essa prática que se foi acrescendo paulatinamente de \"novos\" recursos tomados \"emprestados\" da prática da emissão vocal na fala e no canto cotidiano traz nova oralidade e vocalidade, fazendo surgir uma \"nova\" sonoridade que futuramente se intensificará em múltiplas tendências, principalmente a partir do final dos anos 50 e início dos 60 do século XX. O seu florescimento estende-se até os dias atuais teve como ponto de partida muitas das reflexões e pesquisas que a Segunda Escola de Viena trouxe para a música. Para embasar este estudo foi levantado um conjunto de obras vocais de Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg e Edward Steuermann, que tem como ferramenta de análise a Teoria dos Conjuntos de Joseph Straus. / This paper aims at pointing out specific aspects that guided some of the main theories made in the field of new vocality in writing music that happened in the beginning of the 20th century. At that period the practice of speech inserted in the modern world was also developed by the sudden changes that altered the parameters of music production and the understanding of the elements of musicality. Shortly, this paper also discusses the spectrum of aesthetic and cognitive perceptions that a listener carries in his/her intellect and the historic setting which are grounds for contemplation and reflection for they allow the listener to understand the voice, and even extend the appreciation and understanding of the sound. Such practice gradually added to itself new features taken from vocal speech and everyday singing bringing new orality and voicing. This activity generated a \"new\" sound that would appear in multiple trends, mainly in the late 50s and early 60s of the 20th century. It is there up to the present days and it had as a starting point reflections and researches that the Second Viennese School brought to the music. To support this study a number of vocal works of Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg and Edward Steuermann, were taken into consideration, which use Joseph Straus\' Theory of Groups as tool for analysis

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gina Tamburrino.pdf: 815895 bytes, checksum: 86f20820850cb0fbeab1d4f5ee52fe5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-25 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis results from an effort to penetrate questions regarding impasse that is formed and transformed in the relationship between the analyst and the analysand. The clinical work is understood and organized taking into consideration an intersubjective vertex, thus the concept of analyzing field is forged to demonstrate the analyst s implication in the formation and transformation of the shared unconscious fantasy. The highlight of the research is the presentation of the hypothesis that, in certain moments, the analyst s mind presents a dysfunctional quality in order to receive, to sustain and to prepare the field for the production of the analyzing pair. In these moments, the shared unconscious fantasy transforms itself into shared resistance: bulwarks , chronic enactments and acute enactments; the important thing to be investigated is how this kind of configuration is formed and how it transforms itself, always considering the dialectic impasse ↔ possible transformations. Besides it interests us the fact that the dysfunction in the analyzing field isn t always generated by the difficulties of a disturbed patient, it can also be caused by a disturbed analyst that, in such cases, becomes the main responsible for the functional inversion of the field to the detriment of the analysand. The main focus of this study is, above all, how the analyst wanders in the analyzing field beyond the non-analyzed questions / Esta tese resulta de um esforço no sentido de penetrar questões em torno dos impasses que se formam e transformam no encontro entre analista e analisando. O trabalho clínico é considerado e organizado dentro de um vértice intersubjetivo, de modo que o conceito de campo analisante é forjado para abordar a implicação do analista na formação e transformação da fantasia inconsciente compartilhada. Um ponto de grande importância, auge desta pesquisa, é a apresentação da hipótese de que em certos momentos a mente do analista apresenta uma qualidade disfuncional para receber, conter e elaborar a lavoura do campo, e, portanto, as produções da dupla analisante. Nesses momentos a fantasia inconsciente compartilhada se transforma em resistências compartilhadas: baluartes, enactments crônicos e enactments agudos. Importa investigar como essas formações se dão e como se transformam, sempre atentando para a dialética impasses↔transformações possíveis. Para além disso, há um interesse sobre o fato de que o disfuncionamento do campo analisante nem sempre está revestido das dificuldades impostas por um paciente perturbado, mas que o analista é que se encontra perturbado e determina, em grande medida, a inversão do funcionamento do campo em desfavor do analisando. É, sobretudo, sobre esse aspecto que este desenvolvimento se debruça, isto é, como se move o analista no campo analisante para além das questões não analisadas

La présente étude consiste à étudier la compétence écrite chez les étudiants de français à l’université de Taëz, au Yémen, par le biais de l’analyse des erreurs dans les productions écrites recueillies dans le cadre d’un corpus spécial élaboré pour cet effet. Bien que le repérage des erreurs d’expression écrite puisse paraître une opération simple et systématique, l’appréhension des mécanismes de production de ces erreurs et l’analyse de leurs véritables raisons constituent la partie immergée de l’iceberg. Pour mener à bien cette investigation, il a fallu établir des catégories opérationnelles dans lesquelles pourront s’inscrire les erreurs significatives relevées, en vue d’une analyse plus étayée. Des concepts opératoires inspirés des travaux didactiques de plusieurs auteurs nous ont permis de mieux cerner les rouages du processus enseignement/apprentissage du français et d’élargir notre perspective de recherche des racines des erreurs tant dans les stratégies d’auto-apprentissage mises en oeuvre par les apprenants eux-mêmes, que dans les conditions du déroulement de l’enseignement dispensé au département de français. Des difficultés grammaticales, syntaxiques, lexicales inhérentes à la langue française du point de vue d’un apprenant yéménite, jusqu’aux problèmes d’inattention, de manque de motivation, de ressources documentaires ou d’exposition à la langue française, en passant par le mode de fonctionnement des cours et les modalités des contrôles, nous découvrons, durant toutes ces étapes de parcours, les différentes sources des difficultés constatées. Lesquelles permettent, d’une part, l’explication du phénomène des erreurs dans la situation particulière qui est celle des étudiants yéménites, et d’autre part, la conception de solutions adéquates susceptibles de remédier à ces erreurs de façon radicale et non seulement symptomatique. Aussi, espérons-nous attirer l’attention de tous les protagonistes impliqués dans le processus didactique, sur les problèmes réels auxquels se heurtent l’étudiant yéménite désireux d’apprendre cette langue ainsi que sur les meilleures approches possibles pour entreprendre les réformes et les traitements nécessaires. / La présente étude consiste à étudier la compétence écrite chez les étudiants de français à l’université de Taëz, au Yémen, par le biais de l’analyse des erreurs dans les productions écrites recueillies dans le cadre d’un corpus spécial élaboré pour cet effet. Bien que le repérage des erreurs d’expression écrite puisse paraître une opération simple et systématique, l’appréhension des mécanismes de production de ces erreurs et l’analyse de leurs véritables raisons constituent la partie immergée de l’iceberg. Pour mener à bien cette investigation, il a fallu établir des catégories opérationnelles dans lesquelles pourront s’inscrire les erreurs significatives relevées, en vue d’une analyse plus étayée. Des concepts opératoires inspirés des travaux didactiques de plusieurs auteurs nous ont permis de mieux cerner les rouages du processus enseignement/apprentissage du français et d’élargir notre perspective de recherche des racines des erreurs tant dans les stratégies d’auto-apprentissage mises en œuvre par les apprenants eux-mêmes, que dans les conditions du déroulement de l’enseignement dispensé au département de français. Des difficultés grammaticales, syntaxiques, lexicales inhérentes à la langue française du point de vue d’un apprenant yéménite, jusqu’aux problèmes d’inattention, de manque de motivation, de ressources documentaires ou d’exposition à la langue française, en passant par le mode de fonctionnement des cours et les modalités des contrôles, nous découvrons, durant toutes ces étapes de parcours, les différentes sources des difficultés constatées. Lesquelles permettent, d’une part, l’explication du phénomène des erreurs dans la situation particulière qui est celle des étudiants yéménites, et d’autre part, la conception de solutions adéquates susceptibles de remédier à ces erreurs de façon radicale et non seulement symptomatique. Aussi, espérons-nous attirer l’attention de tous les protagonistes impliqués dans le processus didactique, sur les problèmes réels auxquels se heurtent l’étudiant yéménite désireux d’apprendre cette langue ainsi que sur les meilleures approches possibles pour entreprendre les réformes et les traitements nécessaires.