Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-151). Also available on the World Wide Web.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) in Oceanography--University of Maine, 2009. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-154).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 1956. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-231).

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La question abordée est celle de la structure génétique des anchois Atlanto-méditerranéens analysée grâce à 6 locus microsatellites et un gène du cytochrome b de l'ADN mitochondrial sur un échantillonnage dont quatre en provenance de lagunes réparti entre la Tunisie, la France, la Mer Noire et le Maroc. Deux locus microsatellites parmi les six étudiés révèlent une forte différenciation liée à l'habitat lagunaire. L'étude du cytochrome b de l'ADN mitochondrial montre la présence de deux clades mitochondriaux trouvés en sympatrie en fréquence variable dans tous les échantillons. L'analyse combinée montre un déséquilibre nucléo-cytoplasmique significatif, confirmant l'existence d'incompatibilités génétiques partielles entre les deux entités. Ces deux entités génétiques doivent de ce fait être considérées comme des unités de gestion distinctes. / We study the genetic structure of Mediterranean anchovy by analyzing six microsatellite loci and the cytochrome b gene of mitochondrial DNA on anchovy populations with four lagoons, which are from Tunisia, Morocco, France and Black Sea. Two strongly differentiated loci and nucleo-cytoplasmic disequilibrium revealed a differentiation related to a lagoon habitat. The study of cytochrome b mitochondrial DNA showed the presence of two mitochondrial clades found on sympatric with variable frequency in all samples. By contrast, four microsatellites were undifferentiated within the entire set of samples, testifying to a variable permeability of the two interacting genomes. Our findings confirm the existence of partial genetic incompatibilities between the two entities that should then be considered as distinct from a conservation point of view.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-07T14:04:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Anailza Cristina Galdino da Silva.pdf: 3576171 bytes, checksum: 2c45b933754794f02c92384fb72c8162 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-07T14:04:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anailza Cristina Galdino da Silva.pdf: 3576171 bytes, checksum: 2c45b933754794f02c92384fb72c8162 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-19 / This study aimed to describe morphologically the ontogenetic initial development of the freshwater anchovy, Anchoviella vaillanti, which is endemic to the São Francisco river basin. We analyzed 132 specimens (SL = 1,3-51 mm) obtained from hauls made with a 500 μm mesh conical-cylindrical plankton net in quarterly samplings in different stretches of the Sobradinho reservoir from January 2002 to January 2004. Individuals were classified into the following phases: larvae – yolk-larval,preflexion, flexion and postflexion stage - and juvenile. We measured the morphometric data, standard length (SL), preanal length (PAL),prepelvic length (PPVL), prepectoral length (PPL), predorsal length (PDL), head length (HL), head depth (HD), eye diameter (ED), and body depth (BD). Some specimens were cleared and stained for evidencing and detailing internal structures, counting of preanal, postanal and total vertebrae, pectoral (P), dorsal (D), pelvic (V), anal (A) and caudal ( C) fin rays and the relative position of dorsal and anal fins insertion. During the larval stage, the body ranged from very elongate to elongate, and the head and the eye both from small to moderate. In juveniles, body varied from elongate to moderate, the head was moderate, and the eye from moderate to large. Prefin lengths in relation to SL ranged from 61.5 to 79.2% for PAL; 51.8 to 72.9% for PDL; 10.7 - 29,2% for PPL and 37.8 - 47, 2% for PPVL. HL ranged from 7.9 - 29,2%; HD from 5.7 - 19.2%; BD from 6.3 to 27.1%; and ED from 16.7 - 42.9% HL. The total vertebrae number in A. vaillanti ranges from 36 to 39 and myomere number ranges from 31 to 45. Dorsal fin insertion varies between the 14th and the 18th precaudal vertebrae and the anal fin insertion varies between 21st and 24th precaudal vertebrae. The sequence of first fin ray formation was D, C, A, V and P. The final number of rays among them, however, is attained in the following order: D and A in the flexion stage and P, V and C in the postflexion stage. In the lower São Francisco River, A. vaillanti may occur sympatrically with A.lepidentostole and may be distinguished by the lower number of dorsal fin rays (15-16 versus 12-13 in A. vaillanti), lower vertebrae count (40 versus 37-40) and greater pre-pectoral length(14-16 % SL versus 22,8-28,9% SL). / Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever morfologicamente o desenvolvimento ontogênico inicial da manjuba de água doce Anchoviella vaillanti, endêmica da bacia do rio São Francisco. Foram analisados 132 exemplares (CP= 1,3-51 mm) obtidos através de arrastos realizados com rede de plâncton cônico-cilíndrica com malha de 500μm, em amostragens trimestrais no reservatório de Sobradinho entre janeiro de 2002 e janeiro de 2004. Os indivíduos foram classificados nas fases: larval - estágios larval vitelino, pré-flexão, flexão e pós-flexão - e juvenil. Foram mensurados os dado morfométricos, comprimento padrão (CP), comprimento pré-anal (CPA), comprimento pré-pélvica (CPPV), comprimento pré-peitoral (CPP), comprimento pré-dorsal (CPD), comprimento da cabeça (CC), altura da cabeça (AC),diâmetro do olho (DO), e altura do corpo (ACP). Alguns exemplares foram diafanizados para evidenciação e detalhamento de estruturas internas, contagem de vértebras pré-anal, pós-anal e total, raios das nadadeiras peitorais (P), dorsal (D), pélvicas (V), anal(A) e caudal (C), bem como a posição relativa de inserção das nadadeiras dorsal e anal. Durante a fase larval, o corpo variou de muito alongado a alongado, a cabeça de pequena a moderada e o olho de pequeno a moderado. Na fase juvenil, o corpo variou de alongado a moderado, a cabeça moderada e o olho de moderado a grande. As distâncias pré-nadadeiras em relação a CP variaram entre 61,5 – 79,2% para CPA; 51,8 – 72,9% para CPD; 10,7 – 29,2% para CPP e 37,8 – 47,2% para CPPV. O CC variou entre 7,9 – 29,2% CP; AC entre 5,7 – 19,2% CP; ACPde 6,3 – 27,1% CP; e DO variou entre 16,7 – 42,9% em relação a CC. O número total de vértebras em A. vaillanti variou de 36 a 39 e de miômeros de 31 a 45. A posição de inserção da nadadeira dorsal variou entre a 14ª e a 18ª vértebra pré-caudal e a da nadadeira anal, entre a 21ª e a 24ª vértebra pré-caudal. A ordem de aparecimento dos primeiros raios das nadadeiras foi D, C, A, V e P. O número definitivo de raios dentre elas, entretanto, é observado na seguinte ordem: D e A no estágio de flexão; e P, V e C no estágio de pós-flexão. Na região do baixo São Francisco, A. vaillanti pode ocorrer simpatricamente com A. lepidentostole, podendo distinguir-se desta espécie pelo menor número de raios da nadadeira dorsal (15-16 versus 12-13 em A. vaillanti), pelo número total de vértebras menos elevado (40 versus 37-40) e pelo maior comprimento pré-peitoral (14-16% CP versus 22,8-28,9% CP).

Sardines and anchovies are small pelagic fishes that support important commercial fisheries around the world. This project reviews the inverse cyclic behavior in the abundance of these two stocks, which is a striking feature in many regions. In addition, the project used qualitative loop analysis techniques to analyze the feasible sardine-anchovy model configurations that result in the inverse relationship between sardines and anchovies. A simple community model was examined that considers fishing, sardine and anchovy biomass, and food resources for the sardines and anchovies. First, the stability of these model configurations was investigated to determine the conditions that should be met to stabilize the unstable configurations. Second, the behavior of the feasible sardine-anchovy model configurations was examined when fishing was removed from the models. Finally, model configurations were identified that best represent the sardine-anchovy system in terms of predicting qualitative changes in the system variables. These best models define the crucial interactions between sardines and anchovies that require further studies. Based on the results of the literature review and the loop analysis a set of questions was developed and used in interviews with fishers in Oman to investigate whether the sardines and anchovies in Oman are inversely related. Based on the survey results and lessons learned from the literature review and loop analysis, recommendations were developed for further research and management of the fisheries in Oman for sardines and anchovies. In systems where the sardines and anchovies vary inversely in abundance refuge areas for the sardines and anchovies are very important for maintaining the two fish stocks and their cyclic behavior. The results from the loop analysis suggested that interactions between sardines and anchovies (e.g., competition and amensalism) are not important provided the two fish populations can regulate themselves by means of their refuge areas. The expansion and contraction of sardines and anchovies is a function of environment suitability and long-term shifts in the environmental regime. The study found no evidence that sardines and anchovies in Oman are inversely related. / Graduation date: 2003

High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) application, alone or in combination with refrigeration, ambient or moderate heating temperatures / inactivates pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms and conserves the product &bdquo / &bdquo / freshness