Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1947.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität München, 1934. / At head of title: Aus dem Physiologischen Institut der Universität München. "Lebenslauf": p. 22.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1994. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-64). Also available via the Internet.

Master of Science / Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics / Betsy Barrett / The topic of athlete nutrition has been discussed amongst competitors, coaches, and nutrition professionals since the dawn of the Modern Olympic Movement in 1896 and has led to many strategies to help athletes compete at a higher level. Endurance athletes have been studied around the world. However, studies conducted with elite distance runners at altitude have focused mainly on male athletes in Kenya or Ethiopia. Despite the efforts of researchers over the years in the area of athlete nutrition there has been little research that specifically focuses on elite female distance runners and little evidence is available about the dietary habits and beliefs of these athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the macronutrient and fluid intakes of female distance runners and to determine if current fad diets and specific athletic events impact their eating habits. Seven female elite distance runners (six of European and one of Asian descent) training at altitude completed the study. Their specific events ranged from the 5-K to ultra-marathon. The athletes entered their food, fluid and physical activity for six weeks and submitted a report weekly to the researcher. The data was entered by the researcher into myfitnesspal.com which tabulated the data. The results recorded into Excel spreadsheets for each athlete. At the end of the six weeks, all data was compiled to get a total intake for each athlete and the group as a whole. Mean, minimums, maximums, and standard deviations were used for data analysis. At the end of the six weeks, a telephone interview was conducted with each athlete to determine their eating habits, attitudes towards food, how others impacted their eating and if they were following a fad diet and why. Results indicated that these athletes reported lower mean carbohydrate (51±19.4% of calories) and higher protein (19±6% of calories) intake than is recommended per the Joint Statement of the ADA, DC and ACSM (2009). Fat and fluid consumption were adequate, but overall calories taken in were a little lower than calories expended. The athletes avoided soy, high fructose corn syrup, artificial sweeteners, dairy, and fried foods and focused on eating more fruits and vegetables. Five of the seven athletes were following a gluten free diet because they felt it gave them a competitive edge, increased performance, and reduced GI distress. Based on the results of this study, coaches and athletes should focus on perceived exertion in workouts, macronutrient amounts and overall calories to ensure the athlete is able to compete at a high level.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were (1) to determine the correlations of adiponectin, leptin, the adiponectin:leptin (A/L) ratio, insulin, BMI, glucose, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and waist circumference in women with PCOS, and (2) to examine the effects of an 8 week supplement of 75 g of dried apples daily and twice a week moderate intensity resistance exercise on these parameters. Methods: Baseline data for 26 women diagnosed with PCOS were analyzed. Of these 26 subjects, 13 completed the intervention study. In a 2X2 factorial design using apples and exercise, 70 g Kellogg's Frosted Mini Wheats was used as the control for the dried apples since it contained similar amounts of fiber and energy. Exercise consisted of twice a week full body routines, using 3 sets of 12 repetitions maximum (12RM). SPSS for Windows, Version 15.0 software was utilized to calculate and determine descriptive statistics, t-tests, Pearson correlations, and one way ANOVA. Results: In subjects with a BMI > 25 (n=13), insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin were significantly higher (p<0.05), while adiponectin and the A/L ratio were significantly (p<0.05) lower than in the subjects with a BMI < 25 (n=13). In the correlational analyses of the data for all subjects at baseline (n=26), results were as expected in accordance with the literature. Adiponectin and leptin were significantly negatively correlated, but this correlation did not persist after controlling for BMI. There was a trend (p=0.058) towards a negative relationship between the A/L ratio and HOMA-IR (n=26). When separated by BMI, this relationship was not significant in the lean group (BMI <25, n=13), but in the obese group (BMI>30, n=8), the A/L ratio and HOMA-IR were significantly negatively correlated (p=0.048). In the intervention study, fasting serum glucose increased from baseline to endpoint in the cereal groups with and without exercise. Conclusions: The lean women with PCOS in this study did not exhibit the expected negative relationship between A/L ratio and HOMA-IR, suggesting a possible genetic polymorphism in their adipocytes. In terms of the intervention, this study found that 75 grams of dried apples and moderate intensity resistance exercise twice a week did not have any significant effect on any of the parameters measured other than a rise in fasting blood glucose associated with cereal intake in this study group (n=13). More subjects are required to meet the effect size necessary to assess correlations with confidence as well as to determine if the interventions have an effect on the outcomes. / A Thesis submitted to the Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. / Fall Semester, 2008. / August 15, 2008. / Lean PCOS, Apple Polyphenol, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Adiponectin to Leptin Ratio, Obese PCOS / Includes bibliographical references. / Maria Spicer, Professor Directing Thesis; Mike Overton, Committee Member; Dan McGee, Committee Member.

Adiporedoxin (Adrx) is an adipose tissue specific protein discovered by the Pilch lab. It is a member of the peroxiredoxin family localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Previous studies showed that Adrx is involved in ER redox regulation and disulfide bond formation and secretion of adipokines. Further, Adrx mRNA expression and protein levels in human abdominal adipose tissue of young, healthy subjects, ranging in levels of obesity, correlated positively with adiponectin mRNA and protein, and negatively with adipose tissue inflammation (as indicated by phospho-Jun kinase). Since previous studies have shown depot differences in adipokine release, we wanted to determine the differences on adipose tissues depot in Adrx expression. However, there are no data on depot differences in Adrx expression and its association with changes in adipokine release in human adipose tissue. It is well known that omental adipose tissue is more inflamed, and reports on depot differences in adipokine release, especially adiponectin are inconsistent however leptin and IL-6 have being consistent. Adipokine release measured from adipose tissues reflects a more physiologic state and the characteristics of the subjects compared to cultured cells. Adiponectin is an insulin sensitizing protein, exclusively produced by mature adipocytes and highly secreted by adipose tissue. The native adiponectin exists as low molecular weight, middle-molecular weight and high molecular weight (HMW).The potency of adiponectin is linked to the HMW isoform. There are no previous reports on secretion of HMW adiponectin from human omental (Om) and abdominal subcutaneous (Abdsc) adipose tissues. In this study the goal is to determine the depot differences in Adrx expression and adipokine release in human Abdsc and Om adipose tissue in obese and morbidly obese subjects, mostly females and to determine the relationship between Adrx protein expression and adipokine release in Abdsc versus Om and circulating levels of adipokines, primarily total and HMW adiponectin. To clarify whether Adrx expression is implicated in the release and secretion of circulating adipokines. Adrx protein levels (assessed by Western blot) were ~1.4 fold higher in Abdsc than Om (p<0.05; paired t-test values). As expected, secretion per gram of tissue in 3hr incubation of total adiponectin (~ 25%) and leptin (~50%) was higher, and IL-6 secretion was lower (~30%) in Abdsc compared to Om. In western blot, total adiponectin is higher in Abdsc compared to Om. However, HMW adiponectin and % HMW are higher in Om. Adrx protein levels were positively correlated with total adiponectin and HMW release in Abdsc and only with HMW in Om. Adrx levels were negatively correlated with % HMW in Abdsc but not in Om. Adrx protein levels in Abdsc showed a negative trend with total adiponectin circulating levels (ng/ml measured by ELISA) and a positive trend in Om. However, total adiponectin by Western Blot showed a positive trend with Adrx levels in both Abdsc and Om. HMW adiponectin levels tended to be slightly positive with Adrx levels in Abdsc and Om. However, the percent of HMW adiponectin levels are not correlated with Adrx levels in either tissues. Since in Adrx KO mice found that presented lower total adiponectin in circulation, it was hypothesized that Adrx were positively correlated with circulating adiponectin, and wanted to study the correlation with serum adipokines. However, none of the correlations with Adrx and adipokines in serum were statistically significant. These data suggest that depot differences in Adrx expression may influence depot differences in adipokine secretion. The mechanism of higher HMW adiponectin secretion in Om with low Adrx levels needs further study.

Three bean varieties, namely, great northern, kidney, and pinto (Phaseolus vulgaris L. ), were subjected to several physico-chemical treatments to reduce their cooking time. Soaking in a combination of salt solutions (sodium chloride, 2.5 percent+ sodium bicarbonate, 1.5 percent+ sodium tripolyphosphate, 1.0 percent + sodium carbonate, 0.5 percent) resulted in 80-85 percent reduction in cooking time. Irradiation (Γ-rays) at 500 Krads of soaked and dehydrated beans caused nearly 50 percent reduction in cooking time. High temperatures (37 and 45°C) and pH (9.0) caused greater water imbibation and total solids loss than room temperature (22°C) and pH 7.0. Organoleptic evaluation of beans revealed that quick-cooking cooked great northern beans were more acceptable than kidney and pinto beans. Effects of treatments on phytate-P, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors, flatulence factors, proteins, phenolic compounds, and in vitro digestibility of proteins in quick-cooking beans were evaluated and compared with their conventionally processed counterparts. Beans soaked in distilled water had lower amounts of phytate-P than those soaked in salt solutions . Leaching losses of oligosaccharides were nearly the same in the different treatments for all the beans except kidney beans. Stachyose was found to be the major contributor to flatulence in these beans. The treated beans had significantly reduced trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibiting activities. Quick-cooking cooked beans had higher in vitro protein digestibility than conventionally cooked beans. Phenolic contents were found to be inversely related to in vitro digestibility.

The study was designed to assess the vitamin A and vitamin E status of persons receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Blood samples from thirty persons receiving hemodialysis, as well as age and sex-matched controls, were analyzed for vitamin A, vitamin E, and carotene using a spectrofluorometric assay for vitamins A and E, and a spectrophotometric assay for carotene. Dietary intakes of vitamins A and E were estimated via verbal questioning. Samples of dialysate were also studied. Results of the investigation showed significantly elevated vitamin A, normal vitamin E, and decreased carotene levels in persons with renal failure receiving maintenance hemodialysis, when compared with controls. Vitamin E measured in dialysate samples and in plasma were higher than expected. It is possible that the plastic and the petroleum ether reacted during the assay and resulted in false high values. Vitamin intakes were not significantly different between the two groups when supplementation was considered. Dietary and supplemental intake of vitamin A is most likely not of importance in the hypervitaminosis A seen in renal failure, as physiological or biochemical roles appear to be the underlying cause of elevated vitamin A levels. A role of hypervitaminosis A in regulating phospholipase, unsaturated fatty acid production, and therefore prostaglandin synthesis is possibly a mechanism in altering platelet aggregation and clotting in persons receiving hemodialysis treatment.

No description available.