Studien behandlar bevattningsgivornas storlek av avloppsvatten längs Peerzadiguda bevattningskanal i Andhra Pradesh, Indien. Peerzadiguda bevattningskanal är belägen norr om Musifloden nedströms Hyderabad som är huvudstad i delstaten Andhra Pradesh i Indien. I regioner med knappa vattenresurser kan avloppsvatten vara en värdefull resurs i jordbruk som kräver bevattning. Så är fallet längs Musifloden som innehåller Hyderabads orenade och delvis renade avloppsvatten. Studieområdet är den del av marken runt Peerzadiguda bevattningskanal som är bevattnad av densamma. Flödet i kanalen mättes, vattenförlusterna uppskattades och bevattningen över hela området beräknades. I ett geografiskt informationssystem (GIS) beräknades arean på studieområdet och några kartor tillverkades. För några fält i området beräknades också den aktuella bevattningen med mätningar av flödet i bevattningskanalerna på fälten och med hjälp av intervjuer med lantbrukarna. Bevattningen av fälten utfördes med bassängbevattning. Den aktuella bevattningen användes i vattenbalansberäkningar för rotzonen för de grödor som växte i området: grönsaker, fodergräs och ris. En optimal bevattning beräknades. Bevattningen över hela studieområdet beräknades till 41 mm per dag. Den aktuella bevattningen som uppmättes på fälten var mindre men de utförda vattenbalansberäkningarna visade att vattenförluster förekom, i vissa fall stora sådana. När den optimal bevattning användes i beräkningarna minskade förlusterna. Stora vattengivor och användningen av bassänbevattning och leder till vattenförluster och att stora mängder patogener tillförs jorden. / This thesis focuses on the amounts of wastewater irrigating the land along Peerzadiguda irrigation canal in Andhra Pradesh, India. The Peerzadiguda irrigation canal is located north of Musi river downstream Hyderabad, the capital of the Indian state Andhra Pradesh. In regions where the freshwater resources are scarce, wastewater can become a valuable resource in irrigated agriculture. This is the case along Musi river that contains Hyderabad’s untreated and partly treated wastewater. The study area is the land around Peerzadiguda irrigation canal that is irrigated with water from the canal. The flow in the irrigation canal was measured, water losses were estimated and the irrigation amount over the whole study area was quantified. In a Geographical Information System (GIS) the size of the study area was measured and a few maps produced. The actual irrigation on a few farms was also calculated from measurements of the irrigation canals on the farms and from data from interviews with the farmers. The irrigation of the fields was preformed with basin irrigation. The values of the actual irrigation was used in water balance calculations of the root zone for the crops growing in the area: vegetable, paragrass and paddy rice. An optimal irrigation scheme was then calculated. The irrigation over the whole study area was calculated to 41 mm per day. The actual irrigation measured on the fields was lower but the water balance calculations showed that the irrigation leads to water losses, in some cases large losses. With the optimal irrigation amount used in the water balance the water losses were reduced. The use of basin irrigation and the large amount of irrigation water leads to water losses and larger amounts of pathogenic organisms is added to the soil.

Doctoral thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

Master's thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

The southern Indian state Andhra Pradesh has today among the lowest fertility rate among all the major Indian states (1,8 children per woman). In recent years some studies has point to the role of mass media exposure in lowering fertility in Andhra Pradesh. Questions have been raised, however, about the nature and interpretation of this evidence. This study attempts to address this issue by examining the determinants of fertility variation in Andhra Pradesh in a multivariate framework, using Sub-district-level data from census 2011. However, to provide a deeper understanding of how mass media may have shape people’s views and opinions about childbearing, a comparative case study has also been carried out. The study´s result shows that mass media exposure emerges as the most important factor explaining fertility variation in Andhra Pradesh. Moreover, poverty reduction, low child mortality, urbanisation and low levels of son preference also contribute to fertility variation. By contrast, general indicators of development such as female and male education bear no significant association with fertility variation in Andhra Pradesh.

The present study is completely a literature study, where the limelight has been on Rāmāyaṇa. Focusing on the Rāmāyaṇa written by Valmiki and comparing it to the oral tradition (songs) from Andhra Pradesh, sung by Brahmin women presented in Paula Richman’s book Many Ramayanas (1991); The Diversity of a Narrative Tradition in South Asia. Two female characters have been chosen to understand the polarities of ‘good’ versus ‘bad’ in woman characters presented within the story of Rāmāyaṇa; Sitā is compared therefore to Śūrpanakhā. Two primary questions have led the study forward, the first being to understand characteristical similarities and differences between the female characters; Sitā and Śūrpanakhā. and the other being narrational differences found in Valmiki’s Rāmāyaṇa compared to Paula Richman’s description of oral traditions of Brahmin women of Andhra Pradesh. Qualitative content analysis is the method that runs through the veins of this study, content analysis which is a branch of textual analysis is a method used to study and describe characteristics of written messages, which in this study is Rāmāyaṇa. In the conclusion the research question was answered and the result was that it could be argued that Sitā and Śūrpanakhā are both different but also similar to each other within the characteristical framework and also that Sitā and Śūrpanakhā are portrayed as each other's alter egos. Where Sitā is portrayed as light, good, pure, auspicious and submissive, Śūrpanakhā is portrayed as her opposite; dark, evil, impure, inauspicious and independent. And within a narrational framework it was clear that there were many differences between Valmiki’s narration  to the oral traditions, where Valmiki narrated Rāmā in limelight the oral traditions had women’s aspects of Rāmāyaṇa in focus.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 255-266). Also available on the Internet.

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The aim of this Bachelor thesis is to find keys to successful advocacy in a rural, Indian setting. The study is based on inductive, explorative research at a grassroots level, from a bottom-up perspective. Geographically, it takes place in the East Godavari District, in the state of Andhra Pradesh. At the centre of this study is the NGO:s Sujana and the Kadali Network, who are both advocating the rights of poor, marginalised and deprived people, as well as training people to carry out advocacy themselves. The theoretical framework for this thesis originates from theories within development communication, advocacy and Participatory Rural Appraisal. The research was carried out by making 16 individual interviews and 3 focus group interviews.  Findings from the interviews have been categorised into themes and analysed through meaning condensation. The result of this study shows that there are multiple ways in which grassroots movements in East Godavari conduct advocacy. The analysis states that advocacy can be successful in a short to medium time span; the most prominent keys to success being: having a driving spirit, being creative, developing networks and being knowledgeable about laws and rights. In a longer time span though, the advocacy and struggle for change is hampered by lack of, or conflicting, political interest from the local government and by conflicting economical interests from companies.

Starting from the overall Revitalizing Small Millets in South Asia (RESMISA) project objective and question, how to increase millet production and consumption, I will use the same to enter Chintaguda and understand how that can be accomplished in the village. As millets do not occupy a significant aspect of the lives of people in Chintaguda, I essentially sought to understand the general decision-making logics that operate therein. This objective will help me understand which factors and their interactions influence activities around socio-ecological engagements. I aim to devise a framework to comprehend these logics and the complexities found in Chintaguda by using social theories. These will help me stitch together a narrative for Chintaguda that will contextualize the people’s relationship to millets. This study will show the various ways people can and do relate to millets. / February 2016

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