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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Avaliação dos efeitos hemodinâmicos, respiratórios, metabólicos e sedativos da dexmedetomidina isolada ou associada à tiletamina-zolazepam em cães. Estudo experimental / Hemodinamic, respiratory, metabolic and sedative effects evaluation of dexmedetomidine alone or associated with tiletamine-zolazepam in dogs. Experimental study

Flávia Rumi Kitahara 27 June 2003 (has links)
O presente estudo objetivou avaliar as alterações hemodinâmicas, respiratórias e metabólicas, bem como a qualidade de indução e recuperação do animal; de sedação e relaxamento muscular promovidos pela utilização da dexmedetomidina isolada ou associada à tiletamina-zolazepam. Foram utilizados 18 cães machos e fêmeas hígidos, sem raça definida, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo I recebeu dexmedetomidina na dose de 10 mcg.kg-1 através da via intramuscular e decorridos 20 minutos recebeu solução salina no volume de 0,06 ml.kg-1 através da via intravenosa; o grupo II recebeu a mesma dose de dexmedetomidina e após 20 minutos, tiletamina-zolazepam na dose de 6,0 mg.kg-1, através da via intravenosa. A coleta de dados foi realizada imediatamente antes da aplicação da dexmedetomidina, aos cinco, 15, 25, 40, 55 e 85 minutos após a administração do fármaco. Os valores obtidos foram confrontados estatisticamente através de provas paramétricas, com a Análise de Variância seguida do teste de Tukey e para os dados não paramétricos, prova de Mann-Whitney \"U\", adotando-se significância estatística de 5% (p<0,05). No grupo I observou-se redução gradativa da freqüência cardíaca, do débito cardíaco e do índice cardíaco após a utilização da dexmedetomidina. No grupo II houve redução semelhante, porém de menor magnitude após a administração da tiletaminazolazepam. A pressão de oclusão da artéria pulmonar, assim como a pressão venosa central e índice de resistência vascular sistêmica aumentaram significantemente em relação aos valores basais nos dois grupos. A pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica e média aumentaram após a aplicação da tiletamina-zolazepam. Ocorreu discreta depressão respiratória apenas no grupo II, com redução da pressão parcial de oxigênio e aumento nos valores da pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono no sangue arterial. Em ambos os grupos verificou-se redução da pressão parcial de oxigênio no sangue venoso misto e saturação venosa mista de oxigênio, sendo este decréscimo mais intenso no grupo I. O índice de oferta de oxigênio diminuiu em até 44% e 50% nos grupos I e II, respectivamente, porém os valores de consumo e extração de oxigênio mantiveram-se próximos aos valores basais. Ocorreu depressão ventilatória com redução de volume minuto e volume minuto alveolar no grupo I; volume corrente expirado e volume corrente alveolar no grupo II. Em relação à qualidade de indução, verificou-se ausência de excitação, vocallização e movimentos de pedalagem no grupo II e recuperação isenta de ataxia e hipertonia muscular nos dois grupos. A sedação promovida pela dexmedetomidina foi adequada permitindo decúbito lateral com capacidade de levantar a cabeça em 78% dos animais. No grupo II obteve-se grau de sedação mais profundo após a utilização de tiletamina-zolazepam. O relaxamento muscular foi satisfatório variando de moderado a intenso em ambos os grupos. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que: a dexmedetomidina promove redução importante da freqüência cardíaca e de todos os demais parâmetros hemodinâmicos dependentes do cronotropismo; quando a dexmedetomidina está associada aos fármacos tiletamina-zolazepam, a redução na freqüência cardíaca é de menor magnitude; através da via intramuscular, a dexmedetomidina preserva os parâmetros pressóricos provavelmente devido o incremento do índice de resistência vascular sistêmica; a dexmedetomidina desencadeia leve depressão respiratória e promove sedação de grau moderado a profundo e relaxamento muscular de grau moderado a intenso quando administrada pela via intramuscular. / The aim of the present study was to evaluate hemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic alterations, the quality of induction and recovery of the animal, as well as sedation and muscular relaxation promoted by the use of dexmedetomidine alone or associated to tiletamine-zolazepam. Eighteen healthy male and female mongrel dogs were used and randomly assigned to two groups: group I animals were treated with dexmedetomidine (10 mcg.k\'g-1 i.m.) and after 20 minutes, saline solution (0,06 ml.k\'g-1 i.v.); group II animals received the same dose of dexmedetomidine and after 20 minutes, tiletamine-zolazepam (6,0 mg.k\'g-1 i.v.). Data were collected immediately before dexmedetomidine application and after five, 15, 25, 40, 55 and 85 minutes of the dexmedetomidine administration. Data were submitted to Analysis of Variance Test followed by Tukey\'s, non parametrics datas were evaluated with Mann-Whitney \"U\" test, with 5% of significance (p < 0,05). In group I was observed gradual reduction of the heart rate, cardiac output and the cardiac index after the use of dexmedetomidine. In group II there was similar reduction, but in less magnitude after tiletamine-zolazepam administration. The pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, as well as central venous pressure and systemic vascular resistance index increased significantly in relation to baseline values in both groups. The sistolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure increased after application of tiletamine-zolazepam. There was a mild respiratory depression only in group II, with the reduction of the arterial partial pressure of oxygen and increase in the the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide values. In both groups the reduction of the mixed venous blood partial pressure of oxygen and mixed venous blood saturation of oxygen was observed, this decrease was more intense in group I. The oxygen transport index reduced up to 44% and 50% in the groups I and II, respectively, however the values of oxygen consumption and extraction maintained next to baseline values. There was ventilatory depression with reduction of volume minute and alveolar volume minute in group I; tidal volume and tidal volume alveolar in group II. In terms of induction quality, there was no excitation, vocalization and paddling of limbs in group II, and recovery presented no incoordenation and muscular hypertonus in both group. The sedation promoted by dexmedetomidine was appropriated allowing lateral recumbency, with ability to rise the head in 78% of the animals. In group II a profound sedation level was obtained after tiletamine-zolazepam administration. The muscular relaxation was adequated, varying from moderate to intense in both of the groups. In view of the obtained results it was possible to conclude that: dexmedetomidine promoted important reduction of heart rate and of all other cronotropism dependent hemodynamic parameters; when dexmedetomidine was associated to tiletamine-zolazepam, reduction of heart rate was in less magnitude ; dexmedetomidine i.m. preserved the pressure parameters probably due to increase of systemic vascular resistance index; dexmedetomidine i.m. developed a mild respiratory depression and promoted moderate to profound level of sedation and moderate to intense level of muscular relaxation.
12

Eficácia anestésica e efeitos cardiovasculares das soluções de articaína 4% com epinefrina 1:100.000 ou 1:200.000 administradas pela técnica intraóssea para o tratamento endodôntico de molares inferiores com pulpite irreversível sintomática / 4% articaine with epinephine (1:100.000 or 1:200.00) in intraosseous injections in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis of mandibular molars : Anesthetic efficacy and cardiovascular effects

Pereira, Leandro Augusto Pinto, 1976- 17 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: José Ranali, Rogério Heládio Lopes Motta / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T06:40:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_LeandroAugustoPinto_M.pdf: 2346119 bytes, checksum: 1ae13762ef6c594e6efc8221c85c9630 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Introdução: A rápida absorção dos vasoconstritores administrados pela anestesia intraóssea pode aumentar a frequência cardíaca. As soluções com baixa concentração de epinefrina (1:200.000) não foram totalmente estudadas para injeção intraóssea. Método: Este estudo prospectivo, randomizado, duplo-cego comparou os efeitos cardiovasculares e a eficácia anestésica de 0.9mL de Articaína 4% com epinefrina 1:100.000 (EPI100) ou Articaína 4% com epinefrina 1:200.000 (EPI200). Ambas as soluções foram injetadas intraóssea para o tratamento endodôntico de molares inferiores com pulpite irreversível sintomática em 60 pacientes. Os parâmetros cardiovasculares avaliados foram, frequência cardíaca, pressão arterial não invasiva diastólica e sistólica, oximetria de pulso e eletrocardiograma durante todo o tratamento endodôntico. O sucesso anestésico e a dor durante a anestesia foram avaliados pela ausência de dor durante o tratamento e por escala visual analógica. Resultados: O tempo médio para realização de todo o procedimento foi de 90.4±18.6 minutos. Ambas soluções proporcionaram um alto índice de eficácia anestésica (96.8% e 93.1%, respectivamente para EPI100 e EPI200) para a realização do tratamento endodôntico em sessão única sem dor. Não houve diferença significante (p>0.05) nos efeitos cardiovasculares entre as soluções. Conclusões: Soluções anestésicas com concentração baixa de epinefrina (1:200.000) associada a baixa velocidade de injeção (0.45mL/min), devem ser a primeira escolha para a utilização com a técnica intraóssea no tratamento de molares inferiores com pulpite irreversível sintomática. / Abstract: Introduction: The fast absorption of adrenergic vasoconstrictors delivered by intraosseous anesthesia (IO) may increase the heart rate. Anesthetic solutions with lower concentration of epinephrine (1:200.000) have not been fully studied for IO injection. Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind study compared the cardiovascular effects and the anesthetic efficacy of 0.9 mL of 4% articaine with 1:100.000 epinephrine (EPI100) or 4% articaine with 1:200.000 epinephrine (EPI200). Both solutions were intraosseously injected for endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in 60 patients. The cardiovascular parameters evaluated were heart rate, non-invasive diastolic/systolic blood pressure, pulse oximetry and electrocardiogram throughout the endodontic treatment. The anesthetic success and pain during anesthesia were evaluated by absence of pain during the endodontic treatment and by visual analogue scale. Results: The average time to complete the whole procedure was 90.4±18.6 minutes. Both solutions provided high anesthetic efficacy (96.8% and 93.1%, respectively for EPI100 and EPI200) for painless single-visit endodontic treatment. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in cardiovascular effects between the solutions. Conclusions: Epinephrine in low concentration (1:200.000) along with slow speed of injection (0.45 mL/min), should be the first choice for intraosseous technique in endodontic treatment of mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. / Mestrado / Farmacologia, Anestesiologia e Terapeutica / Mestre em Odontologia
13

Articaína com hialuronidase em infiltração bucal em primeiro molar inferior / Articaine and hyaluronidase in buccal infiltration on inferior first molar

Thiago Pallin Gomes 09 March 2012 (has links)
O índice de sucesso em anestesia infiltrativa em molar inferior é muito baixo, o que justifica a técnica de bloqueio do nervo alveolar inferior mesmo essa sendo mais dolorida. Recentes estudos demonstraram que a anestesia infiltrativa com articaína apresentou maior índice de sucesso do que com a lidocaína, porém, ainda não foi possível evitar falha anestésica. Para aumentar o índice de sucesso dessa técnica vislumbra-se a utilização da enzima hialuronidase como fator de difusão do anestésico local e aumentar a eficácia clínica. O estudo avaliou se a hialuronidase à 150 UTR injetada imediatamente após a articaína infiltrativa em primeiro molar inferior seria capaz de prolongar a duração da anestesia local (AL) na polpa e na gengiva, reduzir a latência de ação, aumentar o seu índice de sucesso anestésico e se o uso da H aumenta a dor do local. Participaram 28 pacientes ASA I e II que apresentavam necessidade de restauração em 2 primeiros molares inferiores. Estes foram alocados em 2 grupos: (1º) 28 pacientes receberam anestesia com articaína 4% associada à epinefrina em seguida era injetada H 150 UTR/ml. (2º) Idêntico ao primeiro grupo, porém utilizando placebo (solvente da hialuronidase) de forma duplo-cego e boca dividida. A latência e a duração na polpa foram avaliadas com estímulo elétrico na face vestibular do primeiro molar inferior, a cada 2 e 10 min, respectivamente. Para gengiva vestibular, utilizou-se estímulo mecânico (picada). Para análise do índice de dor utilizou-se escala numérica de dor (1 a 5) em 3 tempos analisados. A presença da hialuronidase não melhorou o índice de sucesso, não diminuiu o tempo de latência gengival, não aumentou a duração de ação pulpar nem a gengival e não aumentou os níveis de dor, mas houve diminuição da latência gengival do grupo H 150 se comparado a todos os demais. Nas condições experimentais, esta concentração de H não melhora a eficácia clínica. / The success rate in infiltrative anesthesia in lower molar is very low, which explains the technique of inferior alveolar nerve block even this is more painful. Recent studies have shown that infiltrative anesthesia with articaine had a higher success rate than with lidocaine, however, has not been possible to avoid failure of anesthesia. To increase the success rate of this technique envisages the use of the enzyme hyaluronidase as a factor of local anesthetic spread and increase clinical efficacy. The study evaluated whether the 150 TRU/ml to hyaluronidase injected immediately after articaine infiltration in the first molar would be able to prolong the duration of local anesthesia (LA) in the pulp and gums and reduce latency of action, increase your success rate of anesthetic and the use of H increases the pain site. Participated in 28 ASA I and II patients who had need of restoration in two mandibular first molars. These were divided into 2 groups: (1) 28 patients received anesthesia with 4% articaine associated with epinephrine was then injected H 150 TRU/ml. (2) Same as the first group, but using placebo (hyaluronidase solvent) in a double-blind, split-mouth. The latency and duration of the pulp electrical stimulation were evaluated on the buccal of the mandibular first molar, every 2 and 10 min, respectively. For vestibular gingiva, we used mechanical stimulation (pinprick). To analyze the level of pain was used numeric pain scale (1-5) at 3 times analyzed. The presence of hyaluronidase didnt improve the success rate was not reduced latency time gum didnt increase the duration of action or the pulp and gum didnt increase levels of pain, but there was reduced latency gum group compared to H 150 all others. Under the experimental conditions, this concentration of H not improved clinical efficacy.
14

Maternal exposure to volatile anesthetics induces IL-6 in fetal brains and affects neuronal development / 母体への揮発性麻酔薬投与は胎児脳においてIL-6を誘導し神経発達に影響を及ぼす

Hirotsu, Akiko 23 March 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22310号 / 医博第4551号 / 新制||医||1040(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 渡邉 大, 教授 万代 昌紀, 教授 影山 龍一郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
15

The Distribution of Sevoflurane in a Sevoflurane Induced Death

Burrows, David L., Nicolaides, Andrea, Stephens, Gretel C., Ferslew, Kenneth E. 01 January 2004 (has links)
The distribution of sevoflurane (fluoromethyl 2,2,2,-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl) ethyl ether) in blood, urine, liver, kidney, vitreous humor, and tracheal aspirate is presented from a subject with a sevoflurane induced death. Sevoflurane is a nonflammable general anesthetic administered by inhalation of vaporized liquid. Although general inhalation anesthetics have the potential to be fatal if not properly administered, the incidence of abuse is minute in comparison to other illicit drugs (1). Currently, there are no citations in the literature defining the body distribution of sevoflurane in a sevoflurane induced death. The decedent was found lying in a bed with an oxygen mask containing a gauze pad secured to his face. Three empty bottles and one partially full bottle of Ultane™ (sevoflurane) were found with the body in addition to two pill boxes containing a variety of prescription and non-prescription drugs. Serum, urine and gastric contents from the deceased were screened for numerous drugs and metabolites using a combination of thin layer chromatographic, colorimetric and immunoassay techniques. Analysis of biological specimens from the deceased revealed the presence of: amphetamine, caffeine, pseudoephedrine, nicotine, nicotine metabolite, and valproic acid. Sevoflurane concentrations were determined by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection and revealed concentrations of 26.2 μg/mL in the blood, 105 μg/mL in the urine, 31.9 μg/mL in the tracheal aspirate, 86.7 μg/mL in the vitreous humor, 30.8 mg/kg in the liver, and 12.8 mg/kg in the kidney. The decedent had pathologies consistent with respiratory suppression including pulmonary atelectasis, pulmonary edema, and neck vein distention. The official cause of death was respiratory suppression by sevoflurane and the manner of death was unclear.
16

The clinical course of anesthetic induction in lung transplant recipients / 肺移植レシピエントにおける全身麻酔導入時経過の検討

Toshiyuki, Mizota 24 November 2015 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第12970号 / 論医博第2103号 / 新制||医||1012(附属図書館) / 32408 / 新制||医||1012 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 小池 薫, 教授 三嶋 理晃, 教授 中山 健夫 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DGAM
17

Anesthetic Efficacy of Intranasal 3% Tetracaine plus 0.05% Oxymetazoline (Kovanaze) in Maxillary Teeth

Capetillo, Jeremy Michael January 2018 (has links)
No description available.
18

A Pilot Study of Kovanaze Anesthetic In Children Age 6-8

Colven, William Preston, DDS January 2019 (has links)
No description available.
19

Delayed Anesthetic Preconditioning and Metallothioneins I+II: Novel Mediators of Anesthetic-Induced Protection

Edmands, Scott David 01 May 2009 (has links)
Ischemic injury is a common and debilitating outcome of natural illness and as a complication of commonly performed medical procedures. Whereas naturally occurring ischemic insults are often the result of unpredictable events, such as in the case of stroke or heart attack, the risk of operative and perioperative ischemia is somewhat better characterized in the clinical setting. Given the prevalence and severity of outcomes in ischemic injury, there is significant interest in developing better pharmacological and procedural approaches to improve patient outcomes. One approach that has shown significant promise in the laboratory setting, particularly in the context of planned medical procedures, is the use of delayed anesthetic preconditioning. Delayed anesthetic preconditioning is a phenomenon whereby a prior exposure to clinical concentrations of commonly used inhaled anesthetics, including isoflurane, induces the production of endogenous protective proteins that are able to provide robust protection against subsequent, potentially toxic, ischemic insults. Although many aspects of delayed anesthetic preconditioning have been previously described, a complete understanding of preconditioning mechanism has yet to emerge. The studies described in this dissertation aim to further our understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in delayed anesthetic preconditioning. In the first project, I used DNA microarray to identify genes that were differentially expressed in adult rat liver, kidney and heart following a clinically relevant exposure to the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane. By selecting those genes that were differentially expressed in multiple tissues, I was able to identify a small group of interesting genes for further study. In my second study, I chose from our list two related genes, metallothioneins I + II, to analyze for a role in anesthetic-mediated protection. Using a combination of approaches, I was able to establish that metallotioneins I + II play an essential role in delayed anesthetic preconditioning. In the final study of this dissertation I explore a possible role for metallothioneins I + II as sensor molecules, involved in detecting cellular oxidative stress. Taken together, these three studies represent an important contribution to our understanding of the mechanisms of delayed anesthetic preconditioning and how they might contribute to protecting against ischemic stroke.
20

Avaliação eletrocardiográfica contínua 24 horas (ecg-holter) durante o período perioperatório em cães / Evaluation 24 hour continuous electrocardiographic (ECG-holter) during the period perioperative in dog

Jacobina, Gabriel Costa 29 August 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-09-01T15:25:12Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Gabriel Costa Jacobina.pdf: 1908943 bytes, checksum: 3486e27b8203b6a2af14a0943ee6bde1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-01T15:25:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao Gabriel Costa Jacobina.pdf: 1908943 bytes, checksum: 3486e27b8203b6a2af14a0943ee6bde1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-29 / The ambulatory electrocardiography (ECG-Holter) is a method to obtain the electrocardiographic tracing continuously, noninvasively for prolonged periods (24 hours). Changes in cardiac conduction and arrhythmias can be observed frequently during the perioperative period (pre, during, and post), however this tends to be more careful monitoring before and during surgery. It was shown that there is always the risk of arrhythmias in the postoperative period, but there are few studies in dogs detecting and comparing the electrocardiographic changes during the perioperative period. In this work, we intend to perform a more comprehensive evaluation by electrocardiographic monitoring during the periods before, during and post-anesthesia using the electrocardiogram continuous 24 hours (ECG-Holter) in dogs. It were used 23 dogs underwent to elective surgical procedures and allocated into three groups, young dogs or young adults (GAS), dogs with cardiac disease (GCP) and older dogs (GAI). There were no clinically significant changes in the variables evaluated during the trans-anesthetic. There were no statistical differences between the quantities of arrhythmias observed in the three groups and at different times. However, a greatest number of EV EVS were observed in GAI, especially in the post-anesthetic evaluation. A dog of GAI showed large amounts of ventricular arrhythmias caused by a hidden heart disease. There was no significant difference between the FC (max, min and mean) and HRV between the groups. The atrioventricular blocks (1 and 2) occurred in some dogs in three groups and were mainly observed at night in the pre-and post-anesthetic evaluations and few minutes after anesthetic induction. In conclusion, the anesthetic protocols used proved to be safe and cause few complications in dogs during the trans-anesthetic ECG-Holter monitoring proved to be practical, easy to use, and important for the perianesthetic evaluation in dogs. / Com a eletrocardiografia é possível identificar alterações na condução cardíaca e arritmias, podendo também ser sugeridos aumentos de área cardíaca e distúrbios eletrolíticos. A eletrocardiografia contínua (ECG-Holter) é um método para se obter o traçado eletrocardiográfico de forma contínua, não invasiva, por períodos prolongados (24 horas). Alterações na condução cardíaca e arritmias podem ser observadas com frequência durante todo o período perioperatório (pré, trans, e pós), no entanto esta monitoração tende ser mais criteriosa antes e durante o procedimento cirúrgico. Foi demonstrado que há sempre o risco de desenvolvimento de arritmias no período pós-operatório, porém existem poucos estudos em cães detectando e comparando as alterações eletrocardiográficas durante todo o período perioperatório. Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma avaliação mais ampla, pela monitoração eletrocardiográfica durante os períodos pré, trans e pós-anestésico utilizando o eletrocardiograma contínuo 24 horas (ECG-Holter) em cães. Foram utilizados 23 cães submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos. Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos: cães jovens ou adultos jovens saudáveis (GAS), cães com doença mixomatosa da valva mitral, (GCP) e cães idosos (GAI). O protocolo anestésico teve como base a pré-medicação com acepromazina e tramadol, meperidina ou morfina, indução com propofol e midazolam e a manutenção com isoflurano. Não houve diferenças estatísticas entre a quantidade de arritmias observadas nos três grupos, contudo o GAI demonstrou maior número de EVS e EV. Um cão do GAI apresentou grandes quantidades de arritmias ventriculares devido à uma cardiopatia oculta. Não houve diferença significativa entre as FC (max, mín e média) e nem na VFC entre os grupos. Bloqueios atrioventriculares (1o e 2º graus) que ocorreram em alguns cães foram observados principalmente nos momentos noturnos e no período trans-anestésico, alguns minutos após a indução. O método ECG-Holter demonstrou ser fundamental na detecção de arritmias em cães durante o período perianestésico, principalmente em cães assintomáticos. Os protocolos utilizados foram considerados seguros, com mínimas complicações no período trans-anestésico.

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