Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 167 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 148-165). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1969. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2006. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 105 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rhodes University, 1999. / "December 1999." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Inst. Agrar.)(Animal Production)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-11-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 morgado_es_dr_jabo.pdf: 891629 bytes, checksum: 1618ac9e1c2c620b12eff7ed2c92e835 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Objetivou-se avaliar a adição de lipídios em dietas contendo alto teor de amido ou fibra solúvel em detergente neutro (FSDN), sobre a digestibilidade e degradação in situ dos nutrientes, a taxa de diluição de fluidos, os parâmetros ruminais (pH, N-NH3, AGCC), a produção de CH4 e CO2, o desempenho dos animais, as características quantitativas da carcaça e qualitativas da carne de ovinos confinados. As dietas continham alto teor de FSDN (17,14% da MS) sem inclusão de óleo, alto teor de FSDN (16,35% da MS) com inclusão de 4,2% de óleo de girassol, alto teor de amido (30,14% da MS), sem inclusão de óleo e alto teor de amido (28,21% da MS) com inclusão de 4,2% de óleo de girassol. O delineamento experimental utilizado nos ensaios de digestibilidade e desempenho foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2 × 2, com duas fontes de carboidratos (FSDN e amido) e dois níveis de óleo (0% e 4,2%). A associação de óleo à dieta com alto teor de amido reduziu as digestibilidades da matéria seca, da fibra em detergente neutro e dos carboidratos não fibrosos. A inclusão de óleo associado às fontes de carboidratos não afetou o desempenho dos cordeiros. A inclusão de 4,2% de óleo de girassol à dieta rica em FSDN melhorou a composição em ácidos graxos da carne para o consumo. Quatro ovinos canulados no rúmen foram distribuídos em quadrado latino 4 × 4, para avaliação da degradação in situ. Maior degradação efetiva da matéria seca foi observada para as dietas ricas em FSDN. A inclusão de óleo não afetou as degradabilidades, efetiva e potencial da fibra. O milho foi o ingrediente com maior variação na degradação dos nutrientes. As diferentes dietas não influenciaram nos demais parâmetros da fermentação ruminal avaliados / Aimed to evaluate the additional fat in diets containing high starch or neutral detergent soluble fiber (NDSF) on digestibility and situ degradation of nutrients, fluid dilution rates, ruminal parameters (pH, NH3-N, SCFA), production of CH4 and CO2, animal performance, carcass quantitative characteristics and meat quality of sheep confined. The diets contained high concentration of NDSF (17,14% of DM) without inclusion of oil, high concentration of NDSF (16,35% of DM) with inclusion of 4,2% sunflower oil, high concentration of starch (30,14% of DM) without the inclusion of oil and high concentration of starch (28,21% of DM) with inclusion of 4,2% sunflower oil. The experimental design used in digestibility trials and performance was completely randomized in 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two sources of carbohydrates (NDSF and starch) and two oil levels (0% and 4,2%). The association of oil to the diet with high starch content reduced digestibility of dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and non-fibrous carbohydrates. The inclusion of oil associated with the sources of carbohydrates not affected the performance of lambs. The inclusion of 4,2% sunflower oil the diets with high concentration of NSDF improved fatty acid composition of meat for consumption. Four rumen cannulated sheep were distributed in 4 × 4 Latin Square design, to evaluate the in situ degradation. Increased effective degradation of dry matter was observed for diets with high concentration of NSDF. The inclusion of oil not affected the degradability, effective and potential of the fiber. Corn was the ingredient with greater variation in the degradation of nutrients. The different diets not affected the other parameters of rumen fermentation

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T19:20:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-03-07T19:24:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000859401.pdf: 721051 bytes, checksum: 5e41dcce388474910427e144229b987f (MD5) / Um experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Avicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp), Faculdade de Engenharia do Campus de Ilha Solteira, para avaliar a inclusão de Goma de Soja em dietas para frangos de corte, com o objetivo de avaliar seu valor energético e o melhor nível de inclusão. Inicialmente, foi realizado um ensaio de metabolismo na fase de 14 a 18 dias. Foram utilizadas 105 aves, distribuídas em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos, um sendo a ração referência e dois com níveis de inclusão de goma (10 e 15%) para determinar o valor da energia metabolizável e o coeficiente de digestibilidade das dietas. Baseado nos valores de energia metabolizável, as dietas experimentais para a fase de 1 a 42 dias de idade foram formuladas com a inclusão crescente de goma de soja (0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% e 10%), as aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos, cinco repetições de 22 aves cada, lote misto, sendo metade de cada sexo. Os parâmetros avaliados foram o consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, consumo calórico, conversão calórica, rendimento de carcaça e o melhor nível econômico de dietas. As variáveis foram avaliadas e, em caso de significância estatística, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Student- Newman-Keuls no nível de 5% de probabilidade. A inclusão da goma de soja não influenciou o consumo de ração e o consumo calórico (p>0,05), por sua vez, o ganho de peso sofreu alteração (p<0,05) nas fases inicial e crescimento e a conversão alimentar sofreu alterações (p<0,05) em todas as fases com exceção da fase final. O melhor nível econômico para a inclusão da goma de soja foi de 1,75% / The experiment was conducted at the Poultry Section of the Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus School of Engineering of Ilha Solteira, to evaluate the inclusion of soybean gum in diets for broilers, with the the aim of evaluating its energy value and the best level of inclusion. Initially a metabolism trial were performed in stage 14 to 18 dayswere used 105 birds distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments, one being the reference diet and two gum inclusion levels (10 and 15%) to determine the value of metabolizable energy and the coefficient of digestibility of diets. Based on the values of metabolizable energy experimental diets for Phase 1 to 42 days of age were formulated with increasing additions of soybean gum (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%); the birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates of 20 birds each, mixed batch being half of each sex. We evaluated feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, calorie intake, calorie conversion, carcass yield and higher socioeconomic diets. The variables were evaluated and in case of statistical significance, means were compared by the Student-Newman-Keuls test at 5% probability. The inclusion of soybean gum did not affect feed intake and calorie consumption (p> 0.05) in turn weight gain was altered (p <0.05) in the initial and growth phases and feed conversion suffered changes (p <0.05) at all stages except the final stage. The higher economic level for the inclusion of soybean gum was 1.75%

Orientador: Otto Mack Junqueira / Co-orientador: Antonio Carlos de Laurentiz / Banca: Rosemeire da Silva Flardi / Banca: Edivaldo Antonio Garcia / Resumo: Um experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Avicultura da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp), Faculdade de Engenharia do Campus de Ilha Solteira, para avaliar a inclusão de Goma de Soja em dietas para frangos de corte, com o objetivo de avaliar seu valor energético e o melhor nível de inclusão. Inicialmente, foi realizado um ensaio de metabolismo na fase de 14 a 18 dias. Foram utilizadas 105 aves, distribuídas em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos, um sendo a ração referência e dois com níveis de inclusão de goma (10 e 15%) para determinar o valor da energia metabolizável e o coeficiente de digestibilidade das dietas. Baseado nos valores de energia metabolizável, as dietas experimentais para a fase de 1 a 42 dias de idade foram formuladas com a inclusão crescente de goma de soja (0%, 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% e 10%), as aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos, cinco repetições de 22 aves cada, lote misto, sendo metade de cada sexo. Os parâmetros avaliados foram o consumo de ração, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, consumo calórico, conversão calórica, rendimento de carcaça e o melhor nível econômico de dietas. As variáveis foram avaliadas e, em caso de significância estatística, as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Student- Newman-Keuls no nível de 5% de probabilidade. A inclusão da goma de soja não influenciou o consumo de ração e o consumo calórico (p>0,05), por sua vez, o ganho de peso sofreu alteração (p<0,05) nas fases inicial e crescimento e a conversão alimentar sofreu alterações (p<0,05) em todas as fases com exceção da fase final. O melhor nível econômico para a inclusão da goma de soja foi de 1,75% / Abstract: The experiment was conducted at the Poultry Section of the Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Campus School of Engineering of Ilha Solteira, to evaluate the inclusion of soybean gum in diets for broilers, with the the aim of evaluating its energy value and the best level of inclusion. Initially a metabolism trial were performed in stage 14 to 18 dayswere used 105 birds distributed in a completely randomized design with three treatments, one being the reference diet and two gum inclusion levels (10 and 15%) to determine the value of metabolizable energy and the coefficient of digestibility of diets. Based on the values of metabolizable energy experimental diets for Phase 1 to 42 days of age were formulated with increasing additions of soybean gum (0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%); the birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates of 20 birds each, mixed batch being half of each sex. We evaluated feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion, calorie intake, calorie conversion, carcass yield and higher socioeconomic diets. The variables were evaluated and in case of statistical significance, means were compared by the Student-Newman-Keuls test at 5% probability. The inclusion of soybean gum did not affect feed intake and calorie consumption (p> 0.05) in turn weight gain was altered (p <0.05) in the initial and growth phases and feed conversion suffered changes (p <0.05) at all stages except the final stage. The higher economic level for the inclusion of soybean gum was 1.75% / Mestre

The chemical analysis of feed samples can be time consuming and expensive. The use of near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy was evaluated in a range of studies as a rapid technique to predict the chemical constituents in feedstuffs and compound ostrich feeds. The prediction of accurate results by NIR spectroscopy relies heavily upon obtaining a calibration set which represents the variation in the main population, accurate laboratory analyses and the application of the best mathematical procedures. This research project was designed to meet five objectives: The first objective was to determine the feasibility of using near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy to predict dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fibre, oil content, and fatty acids such as palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2) in sunflower seed meal. The second objective was to develop calibration models to predict the dry matter, crude protein and oil content in milled canola seed, compared to whole canola seeds. The third objective was to investigate the feasibility of using NIR spectroscopy to predict the dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fibre and oil content in milled lupin seeds, compared to whole lupin seeds. The fourth objective was to describe the development of near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy calibration equations for the prediction of chemical composition and amino acid content from different populations of alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.). The last objective was to determine the potential of NIR spectroscopy to predict the dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), calcium, phosphorus, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and amino acids such as lysine, methionine, threonine and arginine in compound ostrich feed samples. The results of this study indicate that NIR spectroscopy calibrations in sunflower seed meal are only applicable in sunflower breeding programmes for a fast screening as it was not suitable for prediction purposes. Screening of sunflower seeds by NIR spectroscopy represents a rapid, simple and cost effective alternative that is a great utility for users who need to analyse a large number of samples. Calibrations developed for crude protein and oil content in milled canola seeds proved to be better than calibrations for whole canola seeds. Although the results indicated that calibrations were better for milled canola seeds, it indicated values that were typical of equations suitable for screening purposes to select samples for more detailed chemical analysis. According to calibration statistics obtained for crude protein, crude fibre and oil content in whole lupin seeds, there is no need to grind the seeds to scan the meal as similarly accurate results were obtained by analysing whole seeds. Screening of whole lupin seeds by NIR spectroscopy represents a rapid, simple and cost effective alternative that may be of great utility for users who need to analyse a large number of samples with no sample preparation. The calibration and validation statistics obtained in the study to test the potential of NIR spectroscopy to predict the chemical composition and amino acid contents in alfalfa hay, showed the accuracy was too low for routine analysis, although NIR spectroscopy could be used as a screening tool. Further research needs to be done to improve the accuracy of the NIR spectroscopy analysis, including more samples from different cultivars and years. In the study to examine the possibility of using NIR spectroscopy to predict the chemical composition of compound ostrich feeds, the results indicated that NIR spectroscopy is a suitable tool for a rapid and reliable prediction of the crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract, IVOMD, ADF and NDF in compound ostrich feeds. Calibrations can be improved for amino acids if a larger sample pool is used to develop the calibrations. These studies indicated that NIR spectroscopy can be a rapid and successful tool for the prediction of the nutritive value up to certain amino acid contents of feedstuffs and compound ostrich feeds.

Interactions between manganese (Mn) deficiency and streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes with respect to tissue antioxidant status were investigated in male, Sprague-Dawley rats. All rats were fed either a Mn-deficient (1 ppm) or a Mn-sufficient (45 ppm) diet for 8 weeks. Diabetes was then induced by tail-vein injection of STZ (60 mg/kg body weight), after which the rats were kept for an additional 4 to 8 weeks. The control groups comprised rats not injected with STZ, which were either Mn-deficient or Mn-sufficient. The Mn-deficient diet decreased the activities of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in kidney and heart, and of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) in kidney, in non-diabetic animals. In the diabetic rats, the Mn-deficient diet induced more pronounced decreases in activities of these same enzymes, and also increased liver MnSOD activity. Pancreas weights were significantly lower in Mn-deficient, compared to Mn-sufficient rats. Also, Mn-deficient, diabetic rats were significantly more hyperglycemic in response to a glucose load than Mn-sufficient, suggesting that they may have been more severely diabetic. Surprisingly, plasma and hepatic vitamin E levels increased progressively with the duration of diabetes. Lipid peroxidation, as measured by H₂O₂ -induced production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances in erythrocytes, plasma lipoperoxides, and renal adipose tissue fluorescence, also increased concomitant with decreased liver and kidney glutathione levels. The effect of vitamin E-deficiency on Mn-deficient, diabetic rats was also investigated. Predictably, vitamin E-deficient rats were almost entirely depleted of plasma and liver vitamin E after 12 weeks on the deficient diets (4 weeks after STZ treatment). Consistent with this, tissue lipid peroxides were elevated compared to vitamin E-sufficient rats. Superimposing vitamin E-deficiency on manganese deficiency failed to add any further deficits in tissue antioxidant status. Higher glycosylated hemoglobin levels were observed in vitamin E-deficient, compared to vitamin E-sufficient, diabetic rats. These findings demonstrate for the first time an interactive effect between manganese deficiency and STZ-diabetes resulting in amplification of tissue antioxidant changes seen with either manganese deficiency or STZ-diabetes alone. This effect of cofactor deprivation in experimental diabetes raises the question of adequacy of the nominally Mn-sufficient diet in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. / Land and Food Systems, Faculty of / Graduate