Two experiments were conducted to examine the interrelationships between body composition at parturition, herbage allowance during lactation and milk production. Detailed measurements of feed intake and changes in body composition allowed estimates of maintenance energy requirement and efficiency of use of energy for milk production. Dorset ewes were offered low (L-) or high (H-) herbage allowances during pregnancy to achieve post-partum body weights, respectively, of about 50 and 60-65 kg. During the first 6 weeks of lactation herbage allowances were approximately 2 (-L), 5 (-M and -Mm) and 8 (-H) kg DM/ewe/d and feed intake was determined using chromic oxide dilution. In the first experiment (Expt.A) ewes were machine-milked and in the second (Expt.B) they were suckled by twin lambs with a further group (-Mm) machine-milked. Samples of ewes were slaughtered during early pregnancy, post-partum, and after 6 weeks of lactation. Body weight differences post-partum between L- and H- groups were 10 and 15 kg in Expts.A and B respectively. During lactation body weight changes appeared erratic, particularly in Expt.B, owing to the effects of variation in gut fill. Daily feed intake of machine-milked ewes on -M and -H allowances reached a maximum (1.9-2.2 kg OM/ewe/d) 2-3 weeks after parturition but ewes rearing lambs on similar allowances showed maximum intake (2.5-2.8 kg OM/ewe/d) during the first week. Mean intakes during lactation were 58, 69 and 73 g DOM/kg W•⁷⁵/d respectively for -L, -M and -H groups machine-milked and 51, 75 and 83 g DOM/kg W•⁷⁵/d respectively for -L, -M and -H groups rearing twin lambs. In both experiments ewes in L- groups had approximately 14% greater mean intake (g DOM/kg W•⁷⁵/d) during lactation compared with those in H- groups. Mean daily milk production of ewes rearing lambs was 2.0, 2.5 and 2.7 kg/d respectively in -L, -M and -H groups and was 33-52% greater than that for machine-milked ewes offered similar herbage allowances. In both experiments L- ewes had 14% greater milk yield (g/kg W•⁷⁵/d) compared with H- ewes. Mean lamb growth rates in Expt.B averaged 209, 254 and 268 g/lamb/d in -L, -M and -H groups, respectively. Lambs in the H- group were approximately 11% heavier at birth than those in the L- group and their mean growth rate was 20 g/d greater. Body fat and energy content of live ewes at the start of lactation was predicted using regression relationships from ewes slaughtered post-partum. There was large variation in the energy content of body weight loss during lactation (-37 to +140 MJ/kg) owing to variation in weight of gut fill and changes in chemical composition of the empty body. In Expt.A the body fat content of ewes during early pregnancy was 16.9 kg. Predicted values post-partum were 10.0 and 15.7 kg in L- and H- groups, respectively. During lactation all groups showed body fat losses which ranged from 53 (LH) to 120 g/d (HL). Body fat content during early pregnancy in Expt.B was slightly greater (19.0 kg) than in Expt.A and predicted values post-partum were 11.5 (L-) and 19.7 kg (H-). Fat mobilization during lactation was greater than in Expt.A, and ranged from 157 (LH) to 287 g/d (HL). In both experiments there were losses in body protein during pregnancy in L- ewes (5 and 15 g/d in Expts.A and B respectively). During lactation, protein losses were most evident in H- ewes, being greatest in HL groups (26 and 43 g/d in Expts.A and B respectively). Water: protein ratio in the empty body showed a progressive increase during pregnancy and lactation in both experiments. Estimated maintenance energy requirement for machine-milked ewes tended to be greater for H- (.236 MJ ME/kg W/d) compared with L- ewes (.205 MJ ME/kg W/d) but was similar for both groups of ewe rearing lambs (average of.238 MJ ME/kg W/d). Efficiency of use of ME above maintenance for milk production (K₁) in L- and H- groups was, respectively, .69 and .95 in machine-milked, and .69 and .64 in suckled ewes. Energy from mobilized body tissues was utilized for milk production with respective efficiencies in L- and H- ewes of .23 and .35 in machine-milked, and .40 and .50 in suckled ewes. Efficiency of conversion of total energy available (i.e. ME above maintenance and mobilized tissue energy) to milk energy (K₁(t)) when compared among all groups in both experiments, tended to decrease (from .84 to .51) with increasing body energy mobilization. There was a positive relationship, however, between K₁(t) and the proportion of mobilized energy derived from body protein. Metabolizable energy intakes in the present experiments appeared to be 10-15% greater than calculated requirements from ARC (1980). Estimates of ME requirements for lactating ewes at pasture, in relation to body weight, level of milk production and body energy change, have been calculated based on the present data.

A series of eight experiments was conducted to investigate the requirement for thyroid hormones in neuroendocrine processes which lead to the seasonally anoestrous state in red deer hinds. The first two experiments used thyroidectomized, ovariectomized, oestradiol-treated hinds which received various thyroid hormone replacement treatments (n=5 per group) to investigate the timing and dose-responsiveness of thyroid hormones in bringing about seasonal oestradiol-induced suppression of plasma LH concentration. A significant seasonal decline in mean plasma LH concentration during September (coinciding with the onset of anoestrus in entire cycling hinds in New Zealand) was observed in all thyroidectomized hinds in both experiments regardless of T₄ or T₃ treatment. When oestradiol implants were removed in November or December, mean plasma LH concentrations increased significantly in all but one of hinds in which T₄ had been administered at very low doses by subcutaneous implants, and mean plasma LH concentrations and LH pulse amplitude increased in approximately half of hinds administered T₃ at varying doses by subcutaneous injections over a one-week period in October. These results suggested that thyroid hormones are not required for steroid-dependent reproductive suppression, but could possibly play a role in steroid-independent suppression of LH secretion. Because problems were encountered in delivering appropriate doses of thyroid hormones in both experiments, further confirmation of these findings was required. Therefore in the next experiment the role of thyroid gland secretions was examined in euthyroid (n=5) and thyroidectomized (n=4) ovariectomized hinds treated with oestradiol implants. These implants were removed for about one month on three occasions to examine the effect of thyroidectomy on steroid-independent control of seasonal LH secretion. During the non-breeding season basal and GnRH-induced plasma LH concentrations declined in all hinds in the presence of oestradiol, but returned to breeding season levels when oestradiol was withdrawn in November. In a concurrent experiment, thyroidectomy of ovary-entire hinds (n=7) during the breeding season prevented the cessation of oestrous cyclicity in spring; this was in contrast to oestrous cyclicity in T₄replaced (n=4) or euthyroid control (n=5) hinds which ceased to occur in early September. Collectively, these results indicate that thyroid hormones are required for the termination of the breeding season in cycling red deer hinds and that this action occurs via steroid-independent neuroendocrine pathways. Two experiments were conducted using neurotransmitter receptor agonists and antagonists to identify neural pathways in the brain which mediate LH suppression by oestradiol and by steroid-independent mechanisms, and to test if the thyroid gland is required for activation of these pathways during the non-breeding season. It was concluded from the lack of plasma LH responses to dopaminergic and opioidergic agonists and antagonists in ovariectomized and ovariectomized, thyroidectomized hinds (n=5) that neural pathways involving dopamine-D₂receptors do not mediate oestradiol-induced seasonal suppression of plasma LH concentrations, and neither dopaminergic or opioid neural pathways mediate non-steroidal suppression of plasma LH concentrations. However preliminary evidence was obtained for a stimulatory role of serotonergic neural pathways in controlling LH secretion. Another experiment was conducted to identify when the steroid-independent mechanisms which suppress LH concentrations during the non-breeding season are responsive to thyroid hormones. T₄treatment at the beginning of or during the non breeding season was effective in bringing about suppression of plasma LH concentration in thyroidectomized, ovariectomized hinds (n=5 per group), but this action of thyroid hormones did not occur during the breeding season. These results show that the steroid-independent mechanisms which contribute to seasonal suppression of plasma gonadotrophin concentrations require thyroid hormones to be present only from around the time of the end of the breeding season for their normal expression, and they remain responsive to thyroid hormones after this period. Lastly, the feasibility of achieving out-of-season breeding using thyroidectomized hinds (n=9) was evaluated by comparing oestrous behaviour, ovulation and pregnancy rates to those of euthyroid control hinds (n=7) following synchronization of oestrous cycles. There was a non-significant trend for a greater occurrence of oestrous behaviour and ovulation in thyroidectomized hinds compared with euthyroid controls during the non-breeding season, but the pregnancy rate following out-of season mating with a thyroidectomized stag was low, suggesting that a side effect of thyroidectomy may be impaired fertility. Six out-of-season pregnancies were obtained from eight matings, however because three of these pregnancies occurred in euthyroid control hinds no improvement in out-of-season reproductive performance could be attributed to thyroidectomy. It is likely that if the actions of the thyroid glands are to be exploited as a tool for achieving out-of-season breeding in this species, techniques will have to be developed for specifically blocking or overcoming the effects of thyroid hormones on the reproductive neuroendocrine centres without causing general hypothyroidism and its associated side-effects.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:45:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 barbosa_cp_dr_jabo.pdf: 277709 bytes, checksum: bb4ed336bed6a785faaefe8d1318a305 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A produção in vitro (PIV) de embriões em bovinos tem se estabelecido a cada dia como uma biotecnologia de uso frequente, devido à rapidez na multiplicação de produtos oriundos de fêmeas de alto valor genético. Este trabalho comparou a produção de ovários com e sem corpo lúteo (CL) de vacas Nelore, em relação à quantidade e qualidade de ovócitos recuperados, embriões produzidos, taxas de prenhez e proporção dos sexos após a PIV. Foram realizadas aspirações foliculares dos dois ovários em 250 seções, igualmente distribuídas em cinco grupos, sendo G1=fêmeas gestantes; G2=não gestantes, com CL e submetidas à tratamento hormonal com progestágeno+BE+PGF2µ; G3=não gestantes, sem CL e com o mesmo tratamento de G2; G4=não gestantes, com presença de CL e sem tratamento; G5=não gestantes, sem presença de CL e sem tratamento. Os resultados foram avaliados pela Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e aplicado o Teste de Tukey para comparação entre médias, a 5% de significância, pelo programa SISVAR. Já para comparação de proporção de sexos dentro e entre os grupos, foi utilizado o teste de comparação múltipla de proporções. O G4 produziu maior média de ovócitos totais aspirados que G2 e G3. Comparando os três grupos que apresentavam CL (G1, G2, G4), o G4 foi superior a G1 e G2 em ovócitos totais, no ovário com e sem CL. Em ovócitos viáveis, G2 foi superior a G1 no ovário com CL. Os ovários com CL produziram mais embriões do que os sem CL. As vacas gestantes produziram melhor nos ovários sem CL, com mais ovócitos viáveis (p<0,05) e iguais em embriões (p>0,05), em relação ao ovário com CL. As taxas de prenhez e proporção dos sexos foram semelhantes entre os grupos (p>0,05). A concentração de P4 foi diferente entre os grupos, mas não influenciou as variáveis analisadas. A utilização do tratamento hormonal não melhorou os resultados de nenhuma... / The in vitro production (IVP) bovine embryos has been established each day as a frequent use of biotechnology because of the speed of the multiplication products from females of high genetic value. This study compared the production of ovaries with and without corpus luteum (CL) of cows in relation to quantity and quality of oocytes aspirated, embryos obtained, pregnancy rates and sex ratio after the IVP. Follicular aspirations were performed on both ovaries in 250 sections, equally divided into five groups: G1 = pregnant, G2 = not pregnant, with CL and submitted to hormonal therapy with progestin+BE+PGF2µ; G3 = not pregnant, without CL and with the same treatment of G2; G4 = not pregnant, with the presence of CL and no treatment; G5 = not pregnant, without the presence of CL and no treatment. The statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey Test was applied to compare means at 5% significance level, by SISVAR program. To the comparison of sex ratio within and between groups was used the multiple comparison test of proportions. The G4 has produced higher mean total aspirated oocytes that G2 and G3. Comparing the three groups that had CL (G1, G2, G4), G4 was higher than G1 and G2 in total oocytes in ovaries with and without CL. G2 was superior to G1, on viable oocytes from ovary with CL. Ovaries with CL produced more embryos than those without CL. The ovaries without CL produced better in pregnant cows in despite of viable oocytes (p<0.05) and similar embryo production (p>0.05), when compared with ovaries presenting CL. Pregnancy rates and sex ratio were similar between groups (p>0.05). The P4 concentration was different between groups, but did not influence any variable. The use of hormonal treatment did not improve the results of any variable. The choice of donor for PIV is independent of hormone treatment or presence of CL

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-03-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:24:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fernandesjunior_ja_dr_jabo.pdf: 445416 bytes, checksum: 4bac6b29781fb993518ed16e0f89eec5 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram: verificar o estádio de maturação sexual em animais compostos com idade ao redor de 22 meses; determinar os parâmetros médios de biometria testicular para o composto Montana; estimar os coeficientes de herdabilidade das características perímetro escrotal ajustado para 390 (PE390) e 730 (PE730) dias de idade, volume testicular na colheita (VT) e aptidão reprodutiva (AR); e estimar as correlações genéticas das características PE390, PE730, VT e AR. Os resultados obtidos da análise de 3636 animais foram: aptidão reprodutiva aos 22 meses de idade de 66%, formato testicular tipo longo de 99%, correlação de Pearson entre perímetro escrotal e volume testicular na colheita de 0,78, herdabilidade genética para aptidão reprodutiva de 0,27 e correlação genética entre perímetro escrotal aos 390 dias de idade e volume testicular de 0,62. Desta forma foi possível concluir que: o formato testicular dos animais Montana avaliados neste estudo estão contribuindo positivamente para a adaptação destes animais ao clima tropical; a presença das raças adaptadas na composição racial deste composto deve estar influenciando decisivamente para a obtenção do formato testicular longo destes animais; a aptidão reprodutiva do Montana está muito mais próximo de animais 80S taurus primigerus indicus do que de 80S taurus primigerus taurus; a análise de regressão logística demonstrou ser extremamente importante como forma complementar e auxiliar no descarte de animais jovens, como potenciais candidatos a touros; os valores de aptidão reprodutiva neste estudo foram satisfatórios para se iniciar um trabalho de predição da aptidão reprodutiva de todos os touros. (DEPs para aptidão reprodutiva). / The objectives of this work were: to verify the sexual maturity stage of bovine composed with age average of 22 months; to determine the parameters of testicular biometric to composed Montana; to estimate the coefficients of inheritability of the characteristics scrotal perimeter adjusted to 390 (Sp390) and 730 (SP730) days of age, testicular volume on harvest (TV) and reproductive ability (RA); and to estimate the genetic correlations of the characteristics Sp390, Sp730, TV and RA. The results obtained from the analysis of 3636 animais were: reproductive ability at 21 months of age of 66%, testicular format type long of 99%, Pearson correlation between scrotal perimeter and testicular volume on harvest of 0.78, genetic inheritability to reproductive ability of 0.27 and genetic correlation between scrotal perimeter at 390 days of age and testicular volume of 0.62. The conclusions were: the testicular format of the animais Montana are contributing positively to the adaptation of these animais to the tropical climate; the presence of races adaptated in the racial composition should be influenced decisively on the obtention of the testicular format type long of these animais; the Montana reproductive ability was closer to the animais 80S taurus primigerus indicus than the animais Bos taurus primigerus taurus; the analyse of the logistics regression demonstrated it is extremely important as a supplementary and auxiliary way on the discard of the young animais, which were potential candidates to buli; the values of reproductive ability were satisfactory to begin a work of prediction of the reproductive ability of ali bulls (DEPs to reproductive ability).

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCV06MA013.pdf: 326986 bytes, checksum: ad66f8af6017fd4baaca0db1416541fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Age of puberty was evaluated in heifers (Crioula Lageana Breed) submitted to two post-weaning feeding systems, in the Santa Catarina Plateaus, Brazil. This work was composed by two treatments: Treatment I, 9 animals were maintained in cultivated pasture during the winter; and Treatment II, 9 animals were maintained in natural pastures during the whole period of the experiment. In both treatments, animals received mineral supplementation. Daily observations of estrus behavior were made. All animals were submitted to rectal palpation, ultra-sonography, blood samples were taken weekly and all animals were weight monthly. Puberty was characterized by the first estrus, with or without oestrus behavior, confirmed by the formation of the corpus luteum and plasmatic concentrations of progesterone by radioimmunoassay (RIA) over 1 ng/mL, in two consecutive samples. Age of puberty measured in months and weight of puberty measured in kilograms were evaluated statistically with variance analysis and the means obtained between treatments I and II, were compared to each other by "Student" t test, at the significance level P_0,05. Mineral supplementation with cultivated pastures in the winter for Crioula Lageana heifers after weaning advanced their ages of puberty. The results showed that the animals with 15 months of age and with approximately 300 kg are able to reproduction / Foi avaliada a idade à puberdade de novilhas da Raça Crioula Lageana submetidas a dois sistemas de alimentação após o desmame na região do Planalto Catarinense. O estudo foi composto por dois tratamentos onde, no Tratamento I, foram avaliadas 9 novilhas mantidas em pastagens cultivadas durante o período de inverno e no Tratamento II, 9 novilhas que permaneceram durante todo o período de experimento em campos naturais, com ambos os tratamentos recebendo suplementação mineral. Observações diárias de comportamento de estro foram realizadas. Todas as novilhas foram submetidas à palpação transretal, exame ultra-sonográfico e colheitas de amostras sangüíneas semanais e pesagens mensais. A puberdade foi caracterizada pelo primeiro estro ovulatório, acompanhado ou não de sinais externos de comportamento de estro, confirmado pela formação de corpo lúteo e concentrações plasmáticas de progesterona determinadas por radiominunoensaio (RIA) acima de 1 ng/mL, em duas colheitas consecutivas. A idade à puberdade, medida em meses, e peso à puberdade em quilogramas, foram avaliados estatisticamente por análise de variância e as médias obtidas entre os tratamentos I e II, foram comparadas entre si pelo Teste t de Student , ao nível de significância P_0,05. A suplementação alimentar com pastagens cultivadas de inverno para novilhas Crioulas Lageanas após o desmame, antecipou a idade à puberdade. Os resultados permitem concluir que novilhas da raça Crioula Lageana com 15 meses de idade e aproximadamente 300 kg de peso vivo estão aptas à reprodução

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCV06MA011.pdf: 478092 bytes, checksum: bdb0d0f7c508e37ec9bf6cdb2658d153 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of this experiment was to study the testicular morphologic parameters of the Crioula Lageana breed bulls, a breed that was threatened by extinction and, nowadays it is in recovery process through an association of creators. The experiment has developed with flocks of genetic preservation of the breed, linked to the Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Crioula Lageana, located in Lages, Santa Catarina/Brazil. Sixty animals were evaluated with age between 18 and 144 months. The animals were divided in four treatments according to age: Treatment I, animals with 18 months of age; Treatment II, animals between 24 and 36 months of age; Treatment III, animals between 48 and 60 months of age; and Treatment IV, animals with 72 months or more. The researched parameters were: a) scrotal circumference (SC); b) length and testicular width; c) testicular volum and d) testicular form. Averages for the researched parameters were of 29,50 + 2,94; 33,68 + 2,52; 35,16 + 2,83 and 36,62 + 3,19cm for SC; 9,49 + 0,85; 10,79 + 1,00; 11,70 + 1,58 and 12,13 + 1,91cm for testicular length; 5,80 + 0,70; 6,47 + 0,58; 7,12 + 0,74 and 7,15 + 0,68cm for testicular width and 510,05 + 147,86; 720,96 + 181,82; 957,43 + 315,45 and 992,09 + 262,64cm³ for testicular volum, for groups I, II, III and IV, respectively. In relation to the format the moderate long way prevailed, followed by the moderate-oval, long and ovalspherical way, respectively with 60,83%; 30%; 7,5% and 1,67%. The largest increase in SC was observed in animals with age between 18 and 24 months. The testicles presented volume increase until five-years of age. The Crioula Lageana breed bulls showed dominance of testicles in the moderate long way, in all age groups. The appraised morphologic parameters indicate that the testicles of the studied bulls resemble each other to the described in zebuine animals and for synthetic breeds of crossings between taurine and zebuine / O projeto teve por objetivo estudar os parâmetros morfológicos testiculares de touros da raça bovina Crioula Lageana, uma raça que esteve ameaçada de extinção e hoje encontra-se em processo de recuperação através de uma associação de criadores. O experimento foi realizado nos rebanhos de preservação genética da raça, vinculados à Associação Brasileira de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Crioula Lageana, localizados na região dos Campos de Lages, Estado de Santa Catarina, onde foram examinados 60 animais com idade entre 18 e 144 meses. Os animais foram agrupados em quatro tratamentos de acordo com a idade, sendo o Tratamento I formado por animais de 18 meses de idade, o Tratamento II por animais de idade entre 24 e 36 meses, o Tratamento III por animais com idade entre 48 e 60 meses e o Tratamento IV por animais com idade de 72 meses ou mais. Os parâmetros estudados foram: a) circunferência escrotal (CE); b) comprimento e largura testicular; c) volume testicular e d) formato testicular. As médias para os parâmetros estudados foram de 29,50 + 2,94; 33,68 + 2,52; 35,16 + 2,83 e 36,62 + 3,19cm para a CE; 9,49 + 0,85; 10,79 + 1,00; 11,70 + 1,58 e 12,13 + 1,91cm para comprimento testicular; 5,80 + 0,70; 6,47 + 0,58; 7,12 + 0,74 e 7,15 + 0,68cm para largura testicular e 510,05 + 147,86; 720,96 + 181,82; 957,43 + 315,45 e 992,09 + 262,64cm³ para volume testicular, respectivamente para os grupos I, II, III e IV. Quanto ao formato prevaleceu o longo-moderado, seguido do formato moderado-oval, longo e oval-esférico, respectivamente com 60,83%; 30%; 7,5% e 1,67%. O maior aumento na CE foi observado em animais com idade entre 18 e 24 meses. Os testículos apresentaram aumento de volume até os cinco anos de idade. O formato testicular mais freqüente em touros da raça Crioula Lageana é o longo-moderado em todas as faixas etárias avaliadas. Os parâmetros morfológicos avaliados indicam que os testículos dos touros da raça estudada assemelham-se aos descritos em zebuínos e raças sintéticas obtidas de cruzamentos de zebuínos e taurinos

Orientador: Gilson Hélio Toniollo / Banca: Benedito Dias de Oliveira Filho / Banca: José Octávio Jacomini / Banca: Joaquim Mansano Garcia / Banca: Vera Fernanda Martins Hossepian de Lima / Resumo: A produção in vitro (PIV) de embriões em bovinos tem se estabelecido a cada dia como uma biotecnologia de uso frequente, devido à rapidez na multiplicação de produtos oriundos de fêmeas de alto valor genético. Este trabalho comparou a produção de ovários com e sem corpo lúteo (CL) de vacas Nelore, em relação à quantidade e qualidade de ovócitos recuperados, embriões produzidos, taxas de prenhez e proporção dos sexos após a PIV. Foram realizadas aspirações foliculares dos dois ovários em 250 seções, igualmente distribuídas em cinco grupos, sendo G1=fêmeas gestantes; G2=não gestantes, com CL e submetidas à tratamento hormonal com progestágeno+BE+PGF2µ; G3=não gestantes, sem CL e com o mesmo tratamento de G2; G4=não gestantes, com presença de CL e sem tratamento; G5=não gestantes, sem presença de CL e sem tratamento. Os resultados foram avaliados pela Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e aplicado o Teste de Tukey para comparação entre médias, a 5% de significância, pelo programa SISVAR. Já para comparação de proporção de sexos dentro e entre os grupos, foi utilizado o teste de comparação múltipla de proporções. O G4 produziu maior média de ovócitos totais aspirados que G2 e G3. Comparando os três grupos que apresentavam CL (G1, G2, G4), o G4 foi superior a G1 e G2 em ovócitos totais, no ovário com e sem CL. Em ovócitos viáveis, G2 foi superior a G1 no ovário com CL. Os ovários com CL produziram mais embriões do que os sem CL. As vacas gestantes produziram melhor nos ovários sem CL, com mais ovócitos viáveis (p<0,05) e iguais em embriões (p>0,05), em relação ao ovário com CL. As taxas de prenhez e proporção dos sexos foram semelhantes entre os grupos (p>0,05). A concentração de P4 foi diferente entre os grupos, mas não influenciou as variáveis analisadas. A utilização do tratamento hormonal não melhorou os resultados de nenhuma ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The in vitro production (IVP) bovine embryos has been established each day as a frequent use of biotechnology because of the speed of the multiplication products from females of high genetic value. This study compared the production of ovaries with and without corpus luteum (CL) of cows in relation to quantity and quality of oocytes aspirated, embryos obtained, pregnancy rates and sex ratio after the IVP. Follicular aspirations were performed on both ovaries in 250 sections, equally divided into five groups: G1 = pregnant, G2 = not pregnant, with CL and submitted to hormonal therapy with progestin+BE+PGF2µ; G3 = not pregnant, without CL and with the same treatment of G2; G4 = not pregnant, with the presence of CL and no treatment; G5 = not pregnant, without the presence of CL and no treatment. The statistical analysis was performed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey Test was applied to compare means at 5% significance level, by SISVAR program. To the comparison of sex ratio within and between groups was used the multiple comparison test of proportions. The G4 has produced higher mean total aspirated oocytes that G2 and G3. Comparing the three groups that had CL (G1, G2, G4), G4 was higher than G1 and G2 in total oocytes in ovaries with and without CL. G2 was superior to G1, on viable oocytes from ovary with CL. Ovaries with CL produced more embryos than those without CL. The ovaries without CL produced better in pregnant cows in despite of viable oocytes (p<0.05) and similar embryo production (p>0.05), when compared with ovaries presenting CL. Pregnancy rates and sex ratio were similar between groups (p>0.05). The P4 concentration was different between groups, but did not influence any variable. The use of hormonal treatment did not improve the results of any variable. The choice of donor for PIV is independent of hormone treatment or presence of CL / Doutor

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a aptidão reprodutiva de cães da raça Golden Retriever afetados pela distrofia muscular. Realizou-se avaliações andrológicas em 11 cães com idades entre 10 meses e 4 anos. Destes, 7 eram afetados pela distrofia muscular e 4 sadios, utilizados como controle. Todos foram submetidos a exame clinico, análise seminal e ultra-sonografia dos órgãos reprodutores. Analisou-se também a morfologia dos testículos e seus respectivos funículos espermáticos dos cães que foram a óbito. Detectou-se as seguintes alterações nos cães afetados pela distrofia: atrofia muscular, andar rígido, pneumonia por aspiração, fragilidade do diafragma com projeção do estomago para a cavidade torácica, megaesôfago e cardiomiopatia dilatada. Em relação aos órgãos genitais dois dos cães apresentaram criptorquidismo bilateral. Os resultados das análises seminais mostraram que os cães afetados pela distrofia possuem maior quantidade de defeitos espermáticos maiores e totais. Nas avaliações ultra-sonográficas não foram identificadas diferenças entre os cães afetados pela distrofia quando comparados com cães sadios. As análises histopatológicas evidenciaram alterações morfológicas nos testículos e músculos cremáster de cães afetados pela doença. Os testículos apresentaram degeneração testicular e o músculo cremáster retração de fibras musculares com hialinizacao dos miócitos. Conclui-se então que a distrofia muscular em cães da raça Golden Retriever pode comprometer sua aptidão reprodutiva. / The aim of the present research was to evaluate the reproductive condition of Golden Retriever dogs affected by muscular dystrophy. Breeding soundness examination was performed in 11 male dogs aged between 10 months and 4 years. Seven of this total were affected by muscular dystrophy and 4 healthy dogs that served as control. All dogs were submitted to a through physical exam, seminal evaluation and ultrasound of the reproductive tract. Testicle and spermatic cord morphology of post-mortem dogs were also examined. The following alterations were observed for the affected dogs: muscular atrophy, stiff walk, aspiration pneumonia, diaphragmatic fragility with stomach projection to the torax, megaesophagus e dilated cardiomyopathy. In relation to the genital tract, two dogs presented with bilateral cryptorchidism. Semen evaluation revealed high percentage of major and total sperm defects in affected dogs. Ultrasonographic exams were similar among healthy and affected dogs. Histophatology of the testicle and cremaster muscle revealed morphologic alterations in affected dogs represented by degeneration and muscular retraction with miocyte hyalinization, respectively. In conclusion, affected Golden Retriever dogs have their reproductive performance compromised by the muscular dystrophy.

Os objetivos desse trabalho foram avaliar in vitro a sensibilidade de zigotos murinos à Brucella abortus, assim como a eficácia das lavagens seqüenciais e do tratamento com tripsina, padronizados pela International Embryo Transfer Society, na sua remoção e/ou inativação, a fim de estabelecer um modelo acessível para o estudo de interações embriões-patógenos. Para a coleta dos zigotos, foram utilizados camundongos fêmeas (Swiss Webster), púberes, nulíparas, 6-8 semanas de idade, acasaladas com machos inteiros da mesma linhagem, após superestimulação ovariana. Para a infecção foi utilizada a bactéria B.abortus 1119.3. A suspensão de bactérias foi preparada no momento da inoculação, na diluição de 106 bactérias/ml. Os zigotos obtidos foram separados em controle e infectados. A infecção dos zigotos foi feita com 30&micro;l da suspensão de bactérias, e após 24h e 96h foram analisados quanto à morfologia e taxa de clivagem. Os procedimentos de lavagem seqüencial e tratamento com tripsina foram realizados após 24h. Para detecção da bactéria após os procedimentos de lavagem, as amostras foram inoculadas em cultura de bactérias e submetidas ao teste de reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR). Uma amostra da última gota de lavagem de cada grupo também foi testada. Para analise estatística dos resultados foi utilizado o teste do &chi;2. No grupo controle não foram verificadas alterações morfológicas, já no infectado foi possível verificar a presença de blastômeros irregulares, falha de divisão, citoplasma com granulação e aspecto degenerativo. As taxas de clivagem obtidas foram de 77,4% (controle) e 59,2% (infectados) (&chi;2 de 0,001674; p<0,05) após 24h e após 96h de infecção 14,5% (controle) e 7% (infectados) (&chi;2 de 0,141616; p<0,05). Não foi possível isolar B.abortus em cultura após os procedimentos de lavagem para ambos os grupos. As amostras do grupo controle apresentaram-se negativas na PCR. Já no grupo infectado foram obtidos resultados positivos e negativos, para os embriões e para a alíquota da última gota de lavagem dos grupos tratados com a lavagem seqüencial. Foi verificada apenas em uma amostra a presença de embriões positivos para a B.abortus com amostra da última gota de lavagem negativa. Para outras duas amostras os embriões apresentaram-se livres de B.abortus, mas foram detectadas na alíquota da última gota de lavagem. Apenas em uma amostra foram obtidos resultados negativos tanto para os embriões, quanto para o meio de lavagem. Os resultados da PCR para os grupos infectados tratados com tripsina foram positivos para praticamente todas as amostras, contendo embriões ou apenas da alíquota da última gota de lavagem, com exceção dos embriões de uma amostra que apresentaram-se negativos. As novas tecnologias desenvolvidas em reprodução animal promovem manipulação invasiva do embrião. Portanto, tratamentos preconizados para a remoção de patógenos podem não ser eficazes. O risco a ser considerado é da presença de patógenos associados à zona pelúcida ou nas proximidades, que possam ser introduzidos, ou ter sua entrada facilitada no embrião. Considerando os dados apresentados, torna-se clara a importância do desenvolvimento de um modelo animal para estudos de interações embriões- patógenos, a fim de se evitar a transmissão e disseminação de doenças. / The aim of this study was evaluate in vitro mouse zygotes sensitivity to Brucella abortus, such as the embryo washing procedure and trypsin treatment, recommended by the International Embryo Transfer Society, efficacy in its removal and/or inactivation, with the purpose of established an accessible model for embryo- pathogen interaction studies. The female mice (Balb C) aging 6 to 8 weeks were superovulated and matted with fertile males of the same strain, then the zygote retrieval was performed. The bacterial suspension was prepared in the moment of inoculation and the dilution was 106 brucellas/ml. The zygotes were divided in control and infected groups (30&micro;l of the bacterial suspension); after 24h and 96h their morphology and viability were analised. The zygotes of each group were washed sequentially or treated with trypsin after 24h exposition. To verify the presence of B. abortus pos-washing the zygotes and a sample of the last wash drop of each group were tested on bacterial culture system and polimerase chain reaction (PCR). The statistical analyses was performed with the &chi;2 test. Morphological changes were not observed at the control group, but the infected one presented irregular blastomeres, clivage defective, granular cytoplasm with degenerative like morphology. The clivage rates were 77,4% (control) and 59,2% (infected) (&chi;2 de 0,001674; p<0,05) after 24h and after 96h 14,5% (control) e 7% (infected) (&chi;2 de 0,141616; p<0,05). Our results showed that the bacterial culture presented negative growing for all groups tested. The control group presented only negative results on PCR analyses. The infected group presented positive and negative results on PCR, for embryos or last wash drop sample, submitted to the sequential washing procedure. Positive embryos were found in just one sample with the last wash drop negative. To two other samples embryos presented negative PCR results but positive at the last wash drop. Negative results for embryos and last wash drop was found in just one sample. The PCR results for the groups treated with trypsin were almost all positives, for embryos or last wash drop samples, except one embryo sample that presented negative. The recent developed reproductive technologies promote excessive manipulation of the embryo. Therefore, preexistent procedures for microorganisms\' removal could not be efficient. The preeminent risk to be considered here is the potential or probability of the presence of pathogens associated with or in proximity to the zona pelúcida, which could be introduced, or facilitated its entrance on embryo. According to the data presented become clear the importance of develop a model for studies of embryo- pathogen interactions, with the aim of avoid disease transmission.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-09T12:37:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Juliana Gomes Arandas.pdf: 1607375 bytes, checksum: 0ece5341cf134190f4db4eabfdb13ed5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-09T12:37:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Juliana Gomes Arandas.pdf: 1607375 bytes, checksum: 0ece5341cf134190f4db4eabfdb13ed5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-25 / Bats have several peculiar reproductive aspects that have evolved to fit the distinct ecological and environmental conditions, however remains one of the least known groups with respect to reproductive biology, especially in the Northeast of Brazil. It is known that phyllostomid reproductive patterns may have variable, which include: seasonally monstrous, seasonally polyestrous, aseasonally polyestrous and seasonally bimodal polyestry. Thus, the present study evaluated the reproductive patterns and spermatogenic activity and ovarian of bats Artibeus lituratus and Carollia perspicillata in South Mata of Pernambuco. Therefore, animals were collected by mist nets (12X 3 m) from September 2008 to October 2009, between 17:00 and 05:00. The specimens were classified according to the reproductive stage, as: (1) pregnant, (2) lactating, (3) pregnant and lactating, or (4) inactive (5) active if testes were descended, (6) or inactive if testes were not descended. For histological analysis, 10 males were randomly selected adults, (n = 5) and in the rainy season (n = 5) in the dry season and 10 adult females, of which (n = 5) and in the rainy season (n = 5) in the dry season for each species, totaling 40 individuals. Results indicated that both species have a greater proportion of females than males, suggesting that the formation of harems. The reproductive pattern displayed by both species was bimodal polyestry, with a peak in the dry season and another in the rainy season. A. lituratus presented reproductive peaks in the months of March and October and C. perspicillata for the months of March and October-November. The spermatogenesis in testing specimens were descended or tests were not descended and ovarian activity continued throughout the year. / Os morcegos apresentam diversos aspectos reprodutivos peculiares que evoluíram a fim de se ajustar as distintas condições ecológicas e ambientais, entretanto permanecem um dos grupos menos conhecidos com relação à biologia reprodutiva, principalmente no Nordeste do Brasil. Sabe-se que os morcegos filostomídeos podem apresentar padrões reprodutivos variáveis, como a monoestria sazonal, poliestria assazonal, poliestria sazonal e poliestria bimodal sazonal. Assim, a presente pesquisa avaliou os padrões reprodutivos e as atividades espermatogênica e ovariana dos morcegos Artibeus lituratus e Carollia perspicillata na Mata Sul de Pernambuco. Para tanto, os animais foram coletados por rede de neblina (12X 3 m) de setembro de 2008 a outubro de 2009, entre as 17:00 e 05:00h. Os espécimes foram classificados de acordo ao estágio reprodutivo, como: (1) fêmeas grávidas; (2) fêmeas lactantes; (3) fêmeas grávidas e lactantes; (4) fêmeas inativas; (5) machos ativos e (6) machos inativos. Para a análise histológica, foram selecionados aleatoriamente 10 machos adultos, sendo (n=5) na estação chuvosa e (n=5) na estação seca e 10 fêmeas adultas, sendo (n=5) na estação chuvosa e (n=5) na estação seca para cada espécie, totalizando 40 indivíduos. Os resultados indicaram que ambas as espécies apresentam uma proporção de fêmeas maior do que os machos, sugerindo que o sistema de acasalamento é do tipo políginico. O padrão reprodutivo apresentado por ambas às espécies foi poliéstrico bimodal, com um pico na estação seca e outro na estação chuvosa, sendo que A. lituratus apresentou picos reprodutivos para os meses de março e outubro e C. perspicillata para os meses de março e outubro-novembro, bem como a espermatogênese em indivíduos com testículos descendentes ou não descentes e atividade ovariana contínua durante todo o ano.