A vida de um jovem e seu percurso pelo mundo em busca de sua identidade é o mote do romance de formação, subgênero que teve seu auge entre os séculos XVIII e XIX. Franco Moretti e Esther Labovitz, entre outros críticos por nós considerados, estudaram a fundo o romance de formação o Bildungsroman , sendo que esta última autora focalizou a variante feminina no Bildungsroman do século XX. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o romance da escritora italiana Melania Mazzucco Lei così amata. O romance recorta e focaliza uma parte da vida da escritora suíça Annemarie Schwarzenbach, portanto possui as características do romance biográfico. Contudo, pretendemos, neste estudo, evidenciar principalmente as características que fazem dessa obra um romance de formação. Por meio da conturbada trajetória vivida pela protagonista, buscamos reconhecer, nas viagens empreendidas por ela, ao redor do mundo, as características fundamentais do romance de formação. Em particular, com base nos estudos de Mikhail Bakhtin sobre o cronotopo, analisamos as formas com que o tempo vivido nos diferentes continentes Ásia, América e África marcam o percurso formativo da heroína. / The life of a young man and his way through the world in search of his own identity is the motto of the formation novel, subgenre which had its climax between the 18th and the 19th centuries. Franco Moretti and Esther Labovitz, among other critics considered by us, studied the formation novel in depth the Bildungsroman , this last author focusing on the feminine variant in the Bildungsroman of the 20th century. This study aims at analyzing the novel of the Italian writer Melania Mazzucco Lei così amata. The novel focuses on part of the life of the Swiss writer Annemarie Schwarzenbach, therefore it presents all the characteristics of the biographical novel. However, in this study, our main intention is to demonstrate all the features that make this work a formation novel. Through the troubled trajectory lived by the protagonist, we try to recognize, in her journeys around the world, the fundamental features of the formation novel. In particular, based on the Mikhail Bakhtins studies of the chronotope, we analyze the forms in which the time lived in the different continents Asia, America and Africa determine the heroines formative course.

A vida de um jovem e seu percurso pelo mundo em busca de sua identidade é o mote do romance de formação, subgênero que teve seu auge entre os séculos XVIII e XIX. Franco Moretti e Esther Labovitz, entre outros críticos por nós considerados, estudaram a fundo o romance de formação o Bildungsroman , sendo que esta última autora focalizou a variante feminina no Bildungsroman do século XX. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o romance da escritora italiana Melania Mazzucco Lei così amata. O romance recorta e focaliza uma parte da vida da escritora suíça Annemarie Schwarzenbach, portanto possui as características do romance biográfico. Contudo, pretendemos, neste estudo, evidenciar principalmente as características que fazem dessa obra um romance de formação. Por meio da conturbada trajetória vivida pela protagonista, buscamos reconhecer, nas viagens empreendidas por ela, ao redor do mundo, as características fundamentais do romance de formação. Em particular, com base nos estudos de Mikhail Bakhtin sobre o cronotopo, analisamos as formas com que o tempo vivido nos diferentes continentes Ásia, América e África marcam o percurso formativo da heroína. / The life of a young man and his way through the world in search of his own identity is the motto of the formation novel, subgenre which had its climax between the 18th and the 19th centuries. Franco Moretti and Esther Labovitz, among other critics considered by us, studied the formation novel in depth the Bildungsroman , this last author focusing on the feminine variant in the Bildungsroman of the 20th century. This study aims at analyzing the novel of the Italian writer Melania Mazzucco Lei così amata. The novel focuses on part of the life of the Swiss writer Annemarie Schwarzenbach, therefore it presents all the characteristics of the biographical novel. However, in this study, our main intention is to demonstrate all the features that make this work a formation novel. Through the troubled trajectory lived by the protagonist, we try to recognize, in her journeys around the world, the fundamental features of the formation novel. In particular, based on the Mikhail Bakhtins studies of the chronotope, we analyze the forms in which the time lived in the different continents Asia, America and Africa determine the heroines formative course.

The Swiss author Annemarie Schwarzenbach created literary figures that resist being classified according to a gender binary and heterosexual norm. She thereby, already in the 1930s, imagined something akin to the recent investigative work by Lisa Diamond on gender and sexual fluidity. Schwarzenbach's texts are populated by feminine men and masculine women, a genderswitching that can be interpreted as breaking apart the categories of gender and sexuality. In her novel Flucht nach oben (1933), in which the dichotomy of male and female is proven invalid, gender role models become obsolete, leading to the protagonist's deep uncertainty about his identity. Schwarzenbach’s characters can thus be called “multi–sexual” as they meld both genders as well as homo– and hetero–sexual orientations, thereby exceeding culturally fixed borders. The dichotomy between male and female becomes ever more instable, just as the labels hetero–, homo– and bisexual fall apart. In the end of the novel, the main protagonist forms a queer family together with other characters who do not fit into cultural gender norms. In contrast to earlier studies which interpret Schwarzenbach's texts biographically, I seek to use Diamond’s contemporary model indebted to queer studies. I involve, moreover, theories by Joan Rivière, René Girard, Eve Sedgwick, and Judith Butler. In addition, Flucht nach oben is read alongside Schwarzenbach's other novels – Freunde um Bernhard (1931), Lyrische Novelle (1933) and Eine Frau zu sehen (1929). These works serve as intertexts that contribute to a deeper understanding of the recurring character types and constellations of relationships in Schwarzenbach’s oeuvre.

The Swiss author Annemarie Schwarzenbach created literary figures that resist being classified according to a gender binary and heterosexual norm. She thereby, already in the 1930s, imagined something akin to the recent investigative work by Lisa Diamond on gender and sexual fluidity. Schwarzenbach's texts are populated by feminine men and masculine women, a genderswitching that can be interpreted as breaking apart the categories of gender and sexuality. In her novel Flucht nach oben (1933), in which the dichotomy of male and female is proven invalid, gender role models become obsolete, leading to the protagonist's deep uncertainty about his identity. Schwarzenbach’s characters can thus be called “multi–sexual” as they meld both genders as well as homo– and hetero–sexual orientations, thereby exceeding culturally fixed borders. The dichotomy between male and female becomes ever more instable, just as the labels hetero–, homo– and bisexual fall apart. In the end of the novel, the main protagonist forms a queer family together with other characters who do not fit into cultural gender norms. In contrast to earlier studies which interpret Schwarzenbach's texts biographically, I seek to use Diamond’s contemporary model indebted to queer studies. I involve, moreover, theories by Joan Rivière, René Girard, Eve Sedgwick, and Judith Butler. In addition, Flucht nach oben is read alongside Schwarzenbach's other novels – Freunde um Bernhard (1931), Lyrische Novelle (1933) and Eine Frau zu sehen (1929). These works serve as intertexts that contribute to a deeper understanding of the recurring character types and constellations of relationships in Schwarzenbach’s oeuvre.