Os cereais destinados a produção de grãos (trigo) e de pastagens (azevém) são alvos espectralmente semelhantes, o que dificulta a sua identificação e discriminação em imagens de satélite ao usar sensoriamento remoto. Entretanto, o ciclo fenológico destas culturas é diferente. A análise do perfil multitemporal dos talhões torna-se a estratégia mais adequada para a discriminação destes alvos, os quais apresentam ciclos fenológicos diferentes, porém são espectralmente semelhantes. Usaram-se as imagens bissemanais (vermelho, infravermelho próximo e infravermelho médio) do produto MOD13q1 do sensor MODIS para aplicar um modelo linear de mistura espectral, do qual foram geradas as imagens fração: vegetação, solo e sombra (água). Utilizou-se a distância de Bhattacharyya para realizar uma análise prévia de separabilidade das classes de trigo e azevém geradas. As composições NDVI do produto MOD13q1 foram utilizadas para a segmentação de imagens e para a geração dos perfis multitemporais, os quais foram elaborados usando pontos de controle (lavouras) coletados em saída de campo com auxílio de GPS. Usaram-se as imagens NDVI 129, 177 e 257 do ano de 2009 na segmentação. O mapeamento foi realizado usando o Isodata implementado no Spring 5.0.3, e várias classificações foram testadas. Os dados do mapeamento final foram comparados com dados do IBGE. A estimativa oficial do IBGE para as pastagens é de 118.657 ha para os 42 municípios da área de estudo (metade sul do RS), uma diferença de 18.018 ha a mais quando comparada com a estimativa do mapeamento, de 100.639 ha. Dos 42 municípios que compõem a área de estudo, 19 apresentaram uma diferença menor do que 1.000 ha ao compararem-se os dados do IBGE com o mapeamento. A estimativa dos cereais destinados a produção de grãos foi de 73.690 ha de acordo com o IBGE, uma diferença de 9.543 ha a menos quando comparada com a estimativa do mapeamento, de 83.233 ha. Dos 42 municípios que compõem a área de estudo, 25 apresentaram uma diferença menor do que 1.000 ha. / When employing remote sensing, the cereals destined for grain production (wheat) and pasture (ryegrass) become spectrally similar targets, which makes their identification and distinction more difficult on satellite images. Nevertheless, the phenological cycle of both cultures is different. Thus, the analysis of the multi-temporal profile of plots results in the most suitable strategy for the distinction of those targets, which have unalike phenological cycles but are spectrally similar. Biweekly images (red, near-infrared and mid-infrared) of the product MOD13q1 from MODIS sensor were employed in order to apply a linear model of spectral mixture, from which fraction images were rendered: vegetation, soil and shade (water). The Bhattacharyya distance was used to perform a previous analysis of the separability of generated wheat and ryegrass classes. The NDVI composites of the product MOD13q1 were used in image segmentation and in the multi-temporal profiles rendering, which were elaborated by exploiting control points (crops) gathered in trip field with the aid of GPS. Images NDVI 129, 177 and 257 from the year 2009 were used in the segmentation. The mapping was carried out by employing the Isodata implemented in Spring 5.0.3, and several classifications were tested. The final mapping’s data were compared with IBGE’s data. According to IBGE’s official estimate, there are 118.657 ha of pastures in the 42 cities of the study area (south half of RS), a difference of 18.018 ha more in comparison to the mapping’s estimate, which is of 100.639 ha. Out of the 42 cities that totalize the study area, 19 presented a difference of less than 1.000 ha when comparing IBGE’s data to the mapping’s data. As stated by IBGE, the estimate of cereals destined for grain production was of 73.690 ha (a difference of 9.543 ha less in comparison to the mapping’s estimate of 83.233 ha. Out of the 42 cities that totalize the study area, 25 showed a difference of less than 1.000 ha.

This report analyzes the needs to build an annual report generator which has the properties of Modularity, Simplicity in use and Maintainability based on current web technology. It also describes the software development process from design to implementation. The description is goal criteria based so it explains the advantages of the developed annual report generator. This report also discusses the further works that can be done in the future and their regarding implementation difficulties.

Os cereais destinados a produção de grãos (trigo) e de pastagens (azevém) são alvos espectralmente semelhantes, o que dificulta a sua identificação e discriminação em imagens de satélite ao usar sensoriamento remoto. Entretanto, o ciclo fenológico destas culturas é diferente. A análise do perfil multitemporal dos talhões torna-se a estratégia mais adequada para a discriminação destes alvos, os quais apresentam ciclos fenológicos diferentes, porém são espectralmente semelhantes. Usaram-se as imagens bissemanais (vermelho, infravermelho próximo e infravermelho médio) do produto MOD13q1 do sensor MODIS para aplicar um modelo linear de mistura espectral, do qual foram geradas as imagens fração: vegetação, solo e sombra (água). Utilizou-se a distância de Bhattacharyya para realizar uma análise prévia de separabilidade das classes de trigo e azevém geradas. As composições NDVI do produto MOD13q1 foram utilizadas para a segmentação de imagens e para a geração dos perfis multitemporais, os quais foram elaborados usando pontos de controle (lavouras) coletados em saída de campo com auxílio de GPS. Usaram-se as imagens NDVI 129, 177 e 257 do ano de 2009 na segmentação. O mapeamento foi realizado usando o Isodata implementado no Spring 5.0.3, e várias classificações foram testadas. Os dados do mapeamento final foram comparados com dados do IBGE. A estimativa oficial do IBGE para as pastagens é de 118.657 ha para os 42 municípios da área de estudo (metade sul do RS), uma diferença de 18.018 ha a mais quando comparada com a estimativa do mapeamento, de 100.639 ha. Dos 42 municípios que compõem a área de estudo, 19 apresentaram uma diferença menor do que 1.000 ha ao compararem-se os dados do IBGE com o mapeamento. A estimativa dos cereais destinados a produção de grãos foi de 73.690 ha de acordo com o IBGE, uma diferença de 9.543 ha a menos quando comparada com a estimativa do mapeamento, de 83.233 ha. Dos 42 municípios que compõem a área de estudo, 25 apresentaram uma diferença menor do que 1.000 ha. / When employing remote sensing, the cereals destined for grain production (wheat) and pasture (ryegrass) become spectrally similar targets, which makes their identification and distinction more difficult on satellite images. Nevertheless, the phenological cycle of both cultures is different. Thus, the analysis of the multi-temporal profile of plots results in the most suitable strategy for the distinction of those targets, which have unalike phenological cycles but are spectrally similar. Biweekly images (red, near-infrared and mid-infrared) of the product MOD13q1 from MODIS sensor were employed in order to apply a linear model of spectral mixture, from which fraction images were rendered: vegetation, soil and shade (water). The Bhattacharyya distance was used to perform a previous analysis of the separability of generated wheat and ryegrass classes. The NDVI composites of the product MOD13q1 were used in image segmentation and in the multi-temporal profiles rendering, which were elaborated by exploiting control points (crops) gathered in trip field with the aid of GPS. Images NDVI 129, 177 and 257 from the year 2009 were used in the segmentation. The mapping was carried out by employing the Isodata implemented in Spring 5.0.3, and several classifications were tested. The final mapping’s data were compared with IBGE’s data. According to IBGE’s official estimate, there are 118.657 ha of pastures in the 42 cities of the study area (south half of RS), a difference of 18.018 ha more in comparison to the mapping’s estimate, which is of 100.639 ha. Out of the 42 cities that totalize the study area, 19 presented a difference of less than 1.000 ha when comparing IBGE’s data to the mapping’s data. As stated by IBGE, the estimate of cereals destined for grain production was of 73.690 ha (a difference of 9.543 ha less in comparison to the mapping’s estimate of 83.233 ha. Out of the 42 cities that totalize the study area, 25 showed a difference of less than 1.000 ha.

Class of 2014 Abstract / Specific Aims: To increase the use of best practices by pharmacy preceptors within their own settings and to identify if live continuing education presentations are considered superior to other forms of CE presentation. Subjects: Pharmacists attending the “Quest for the Best: Best Practices for Pharmacy Preceptors” CE program at the Arizona Pharmacy Alliance 2013 Annual Convention. Methods: Surveys administered before, after, and 6 months following the CE program collected data concerning the use of syllabi for rotations, the type and quantity of expected projects, frequency of student oversight, and feedback opportunities. Follow-up surveys assessed preferred forms of CE delivery. A survey administered six months following the CE’s conclusion identified changes made at the subjects’ sites as a result of the CE. Main Results: Surveys were completed by 20 pharmacy preceptors (mean years of experience = 5.95; SD = 5.36). 86% of the subjects preferred the live CE; 5% would have preferred the CE be delivered as a webinar. Chi-square testing found no statistically significant difference between pre-CE use of syllabus, frequency of student monitoring, and frequency of given feedback compared to 6-months post-CE (p = 0.59, 0.57, 0.30 respectively). Conclusion: The CE program did not demonstrate a difference among attending pharmacy preceptors in incorporating a syllabus at their site, altering monitoring of student, or time provided for feedback. Live CE was found to be the most desired at imparting best practices to pharmacy preceptors. 86% of responders reported changing their site practices as a result of the CE presentation.

Magister Administrationis - MAdmin / The future existence of municipalities is determined by their ability to remain financially sustainable. This study is significant as municipalities need to ensure that they are financially sustainable for the continued provision and maintenance of quality and affordable services to all the residents within their jurisdiction. The primary objective of the study was to assess the financial performance of the Cape Agulhas Municipality over a period of ten years. A secondary objective was to identify factors that constrain or facilitate improved financial management in municipalities and that may have an influence on their sustainability. The focus of the study was limited to financial management aspects of the Cape Agulhas Municipality from 2003 to 2014 and was conducted at a macro or strategic level. The research is a longitudinal qualitative study as this methodology was deemed as the best to undertake in a study of this nature. The data collection process comprised of open ended semi- structured interviews with senior politicians and officials in the municipality. Financial data from the annual financial statements and the Auditor General of South Africa over the period of study were evaluated and analysed so as to produce financial ratios and establish trends. The financial data was assessed against the financial health measures as identified by the National Treasury to determine the financial status of the municipality. Analysing the financial performance of the municipality produced information that can be used as an early warning system to mitigate further deterioration of the financial situation and inform future decisions in terms thereof. This study was useful as the findings may contribute towards effective municipal financial management and the financial sustainability of municipalities. The study makes the following findings and recommendations: The municipality experienced liquidity tensions from 2006. Although the payment ratio had been increasing over the last two years of the study, consumer debtors had been increasing and limited amounts were budgeted for the writing off of bad debt. Electricity tariff increases were significantly above the inflation rate, and salaries, wages and allowances were the largest expenditure item over the whole period of the study. In terms of provision for maintenance and repairs, these were less than half of the norm for most of the study period, and lastly the cash reserves were severely depleted from 2006 as they were used to fund long term capital projects. It is recommended that the municipality stabilises the decline in current assets and continues with the diligent implementation of its credit control policy, not only to maintain the positive collection rate but also to curb the increase in consumer debtors. In order to enhance the affordability of rates and tariffs the municipality must perform a cost analysis of all rates and tariffs to ensure that they are cost reflective. The organisational structure must be reviewed annually to verify that only critical and legislatively required posts are approved and budgeted for, as this is the largest expenditure item in the municipal budget. Furthermore, a comprehensive infrastructure maintenance plan must be developed to guide decisions when the budget for maintenance and repairs is considered, not only to ensure that this budget item is closer to the national norm but that it is spent on and tracked to infrastructure with the highest priority. The municipality needs to develop and approve a long term financial plan with its related policies to curb the further decline of its cash reserves and which includes a capital funding mix that is aligned to the useful life of the infrastructure to be financed.

Purpose Our objectives were to 1) determine the difference in Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) incidence and survival between different race/ethnicity groups, and 2) evaluate the difference in survival of RMS between children and adults of these race/ethnicity groups, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database between 1973-2013. Patients and Methods We analyzed racial characteristic and incidence data from 4,280 patients diagnosed with RMS, between 1973-2013, that were reported to the SEER database. Survival and hazard analyses were conducted on 4,268 patients with known follow-up data, with end point being death from any cause. Results Over the 40-year study period overall RMS incidence rates have experienced a statistically significant decline (APC: -0.78, 95% CI: -1.28 – -0.28). Whites have experienced a significant decline in incidence rates (APC: -1.05, 95% CI: -1.60 – -0.50). Though not statistically significant, incidence rates in Blacks and Hispanics have trended upwards. While adjusted survival was not predicted by race, survival did significantly differ among racial/ethnic groups in children, with Hispanics and “Others” having the lowest 5- and 10-year survival rates (65% and 58% verses 58% and 56%, respectively). Black race/ethnicity was also shown to be a predictor for mortality for the time period 1990-2013. Conclusion Racial/ethnic minorities have worse RMS clinical presentation and incidence rates than Whites. While overall survival is not predicted by race, being an ethnic minority child diagnosed with RMS is predictive of survival. These disparities point towards a genetic component in RMS that has not yet been described.

This thesis is devoted to the web-page analysis and to the analysis of the accessability of financial records, that are usually part of annual reports. The first part is devoted to the theoretical basis and standards, where is stated how an airline corporation should act. In the second part, the theoretical basis is applied to concrete airlines, that are significant on the personal air-transportation market. The individual rating is stated in the conclusion. There are also concrete recommendations that should be used for raising the competitiveness of the given subject.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第22478号 / 農博第2382号 / 新制||農||1074(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R2||N5258(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科地域環境科学専攻 / (主査)教授 中村 公人, 教授 星野 敏, 教授 藤原 正幸 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The second report from the Project-Group ESRF-Beamline of the Forschungszentrum Rossendorf covers the period from July 1999 until December 2000. The ROssendorf BeamLine (ROBL) at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble, France performed quite well during this time. In the beamtime used by the FZR and collaborating institutes 44 scheduled experiments were performed, while in the ESRF scheduled beamtime 12 experiments. Additionally, a distinct amount of beamtime was devoted to in-house research of the FZR and methodical experiments. Since February 2000 ROBL is part of the European Commission's programme "Access to Research Infrastructure" which supports user groups from member and associated states of the EU during experiments at ROBL. In the year 2000 ROBL hosted 6 groups for experiments. The report is organised in three main parts. The first part contains extended contributions on results obtained at ROBL. The second part gives an overview about the scheduled experiments, publications, guests having visited ROBL with support of the EC, and some other information. Finally, the third part collects the experimental reports of the user groups received.

The Institute of Safety Research (ISR) was over the past 20 years one of the six Research Institutes of Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. (FZD), which in 2010 belonged to the Wissenschaftsgemeinschaft Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Together with the Institutes of Radiochemistry and Radiation Physics, ISR implements the research programme „Nuclear Safety Research“ (NSR), which was during last years one of the three scientific programmes of FZD. NSR involves two main topics, i.e. “Safety Research for Radioactive Waste Disposal” and “Safety Research for Nuclear Reactors”. The research of ISR aims at assessing and enhancing the safety of current and future reactors, the development of advanced simulation tools including their validation against experimental data, and the development of the appropriate measuring techniques for multi-phase flows and liquid metals.