Master's thesis is devoted to the technical re-equipment of the methodical heating furnace of the TPTs №1 of PJSC "Chelyabinsk Tube Rolling Plant". In the course of the work, the analysis of the thermal work of the methodical heating furnace was made. The drawbacks of the heat operation of the furnace are analyzed, measures are proposed to improve the thermal performance of its operation. A project of technical re-equipment, aimed at improving the operation of the furnace, which will improve the quality of metal heating, along with saving energy resources and increasing productivity, has been proposed. To evaluate the results, the heating of the metal was calculated and the heat balance of the furnace was drawn up after modernization, computer simulation of the gas-dynamic regime in the furnace working space was performed in the ANSYS package. The results of the calculation of the heat and gas-dynamic work of the heating furnace obtained as a result of the writing, as well as the results of the distribution of temperature and gas-dynamic flows showed that at a given furnace output, the billets are heated uniformly and reach the set temperature required for further processing. / Магистерская диссертация посвящена техническому перевооружению методической нагревательной печи ТПЦ №1 ПАО «Челябинский трубопрокатный завод». В ходе работы произведен анализ тепловой работы методической нагревательной печи. Проанализированы недостатки тепловой работы печи, предложены мероприятия по совершенствованию теплотехнических показателей ее работы. Предложен проект технического перевооружения, направленный на улучшение работы печи, который позволит повысить качество нагрева металла, наряду с экономией энергетических ресурсов и повышением производительности. Для оценки результатов сделан расчет нагрева металла и составлен тепловой баланс печи после модернизации, в пакете ANSYS выполнено компьютерное моделирование газодинамического режима в рабочем пространстве печи. Полученные в результате написания работы результаты расчета тепловой и газодинамической работы нагревательной печи, а также результаты распределения температурных и газодинамических потоков показали, что при заданной производительности печи заготовки греются равномерно и на выдаче достигают заданной температуры, необходимой для их дальнейшей технологической обработки.

The presence of vegetation in open channel flow has a significant influence on flow resistance, turbulence structures and sediment transport. This study will evaluate flow resistance and scale velocity profile in depth limited flow conditions, specifically investigating the impact of vegetation on the flow resistance under submerged flow conditions. The resistance induced by vegetation in open channel flows has been interpreted differently in literature, largely due to different definitions of friction factors or drag coefficients and the different Reynolds numbers. The methods utilized in this study are based on analytical and numerical models to investigate the effects of vegetation presence on flow resistance in open channel flows. The performing strategy approach was applied by three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, using artificial cylinders for the velocity profile. This is to estimate the average flow velocity and resistance coefficients for flexible vegetation, which results in more accurate flow rate predictions, particularly for the case of low Reynolds number. This thesis shows different formulas from previous studies under certain conditions for a length scale metric, which normalises velocity profiles of depth limited open channel flows with submerged vegetation, using both calculated and simulated model work. It considers the submerged vegetation case in shallow flows, when the flow depth remains no greater than twice the vegetation height. The proposed scaling has been compared and developed upon work that have been influenced by logarithmic and power laws to present velocity profiles, in order to illustrate the variety of flow and vegetation configurations.

With the increased frequency of accidental and deliberate explosions, the response of civil infrastructure systems to blast loading has become a research topic of great interest. However, with the high cost and complex safety and logistical issues associated with live explosives testing, North American blast resistant construction standards (e.g. ASCE 59-11 & CSA S850-12) recommend the use of shock tubes to simulate blast loads and evaluate relevant structural response. This study aims first at developing a 2D axisymmetric shock tube model, implemented in ANSYS Fluent, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, and then validating the model using the classical Sod’s shock tube problem solution, as well as available shock tube experimental test results. Subsequently, the developed model is compared to a more complex 3D model in terms of the pressure, velocity and gas density. The analysis results show that there is negligible difference between the two models for axisymmetric shock tube performance simulation. However, the 3D model is necessary to simulate non-axisymmetric shock tubes. The design of a shock tube depends on the intended application. As such, extensive analyses are performed in this study, using the developed 2D axisymmetric model, to evaluate the relationships between the blast wave characteristics and the shock tube design parameters. More specifically, the blast wave characteristics (e.g. peak reflected pressure, positive phase duration and the reflected impulse), were compared to the shock tube design parameters (e.g. the driver section pressure and length, the driven v section length, and perforation diameter and their locations). The results show that the peak reflected pressure increases as the driver pressure increases, while a decrease of the driven length increases the peak reflected pressure. In addition, the positive phase duration increases as both the driver length and driven length are increased. Finally, although shock tubes generally generate long positive phase durations, perforations located along the expansion section showed promising results in this study to generate short positive durations. Finally, the developed 2D axisymmetric model is used to optimize the dimensions of a proposed large-scale conical shock tube system developed for civil infrastructure blast response evaluation applications. The capabilities of this proposed shock tube system are further investigated by correlating its design parameters to a range of explosion threats identified by different hemispherical TNT charge weight and distance scenarios. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Energy harvesting of ambient and aeroelastic vibrations is important for reducing the dependence of wireless sensing and networks on batteries. We develop a configuration for a piezoelectric energy harvester with the capability to wirelessly communicate vibration measurements while using those vibrations to power the sensing and communication devices. Particularly, we perform experiments that aim at identifying challenges to overcome in the development of such a configuration. Towards that objective, we successfully tested a self-powered real-time point-to-point wireless communication system between a vibration sensor and transmission and receiving modules. The sensing device and transmission module are powered by the vibrating object using a piezoelectric energy harvester. The communication is established by using two XBee modules. In the second part of this dissertation, we address the optimization of the output power of piezoelectric energy harvesters of aeroelastic vibrations. Given the complexity of high-fidelity simulations of the coupling between the fluid flow, structural response and piezoelectric transduction, we develop and experimentally validate a phenomelogical reduced-order model for energy harvesting from wake galloping. We also develop a high-fidelity simulation for the same phenomena. The modeling and high-fidelity simulations can be a part of a multi-disciplinary optimization framework to be used in the design and operation of galloping-based energy harvesters. / Doctor of Philosophy / Energy harvesting of ambient or flow-induced vibrations is important for reducing the dependence on batteries in wireless sensing and networks to monitor deterioration conditions, environmental pollution or wildlife conservation. Balancing the benefits and shortcomings of a specific approach, namely piezoelctric transduction, for energy harvesting from vibrations, we address a specific challenge related to the development of a configuration that allows for communicating measured vibrations using their power. Furthermore, given the low levels of output power from piezoelectric transduction, we address the need to optimize power output levels through the development of predictive models that depend on geometry and speed of the fluid flow.

Geotechnische Problem- und Fragestellungen befassen sich zunehmend mit der komplexen Interaktion unterschiedlicher physikalischer Prozesse. Ein Beispiel sind hydro-mechanische Wechselwirkungen, die in verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen eine große Rolle spielen (Hydraulic Fracturing, Bewertung von Barriereintegrität, Böschungsanalysen, etc.). Numerische Simulationen helfen dabei, umfangreiche multiphysikalische Vorgänge abzubilden. Zur hinreichend genauen und effizienten Bearbeitung kann es jedoch sein, dass die Anwendung eines einzelnen spezialisierten Softwarepaketes nicht ausreicht und nur Softwarekopplungen Abhilfe schaffen. Die vorliegende Arbeit erweitert die geomechanische Komplexität einer hydro-mechanischen Kopplung auf visko-elasto-plastisches Materialverhalten im Salinar. Betrachtet werden langandauernde und großräumig induzierte Fluidbewegungen in den durch Volumenkonvergenz charakterisierten lösungserfüllten Abbauen in einem generischen Kali- bzw. Steinsalzbergwerk. Zur Bearbeitung der Problemstellung wird eine grundlegende Methode zur Kopplung der numerischen Codes FLAC3D und Ansys Fluent entwickelt, detailliert vorgestellt und verifiziert. Unterschiedliche Modellszenarien in Bezug auf die initiale Fluidverteilung simulieren eindrucksvoll das Strömungsverhalten im generischen Grubenmodell unter Ausbildung eines freien Fluidspiegels oder eines Überdrucks im eingeschlossenen Fluid. Die Ergebnisse werden umfassend analysiert und das Potenzial zu Effizienzsteigerung durch die Softwarekopplung aufgezeigt. / Geotechnical problems and questions are progressively dealing with complex interactions of different physical processes. An example is hydro-mechanical coupling playing an important role in various research topics and applications (e.g. hydraulic fracturing, assessment of barrier integrity and slope analysis). Numerical simulations help to model extensive multi-physical processes. However, for an accurate and efficient processing, using a single specialized numerical code may not be sufficient and solutions can be obtained only with software couplings. The presented work extends the geomechanically complexity of a hydro-mechanical coupling by visco-elasto-plastic material behaviour in salt formations considering long-lasting and large-scale induced fluid flow within solution-filled cavities in a generic potash or rock salt mine, due to volume convergence. For solving this problem, a basic method for coupling the numerical codes FLAC3D and Ansys Fluent is developed, presented, and verified in detail. Different model scenarios in respect to initial fluid saturation are simulating the fluid flow in the generic mine model, depicting either a free fluid surface or an excess pressure in the trapped fluid. The results are analysed, and the potential for the increase of efficiency through the software coupling of FLAC3D and Ansys Fluent is demonstrated.

A Savonius wind turbine is a self-starting vertical axis rotor. It can be designed to be compact in size and also produces less noise which makes it suitable to integrate into urban spaces such as rooftops and sign-poles. These characteristics make it interesting from a sustainability point of view, especially when aiming to increase the decentralization of electricity production. This thesis aimed to investigate the aerodynamic performance of different two-bladed Savonius profiles by varying the blade arc angle and the overlap ratio. For evaluation, the dimensionless power coefficient and torque coefficient were investigated over different tip speed ratios. The study was conducted numerically with 2D simulations in Ansys Fluent. The partial differential equations describing the characteristics of the flow, including the flow turbulence effects, were solved with the Reynolds-average Navier Stokes in combination with the k-omega SST model. A validation was performed by comparing data from simulated and experimental tests of a semi-circular profile and a Benesh profile. The investigation of the blade arc angle and overlap ratio was performed on a Modified Bach profile. The profile with a blade arc angle of 130 degrees and an overlap ratio of 0.56 generated a maximal power coefficient of 0.267 at a tip speed ratio of 0.9. This blade configuration generated the best performance of all conducted simulations in this project. However, this project contained uncertainties since simulations can never be an exact description of reality. The project was also limited by the computational power available. Nevertheless, according to the conducted simulations, it was observed that a higher blade arc angle and a larger overlap ratio seem to generate higher efficiency. / En Savonius vindturbin är en självstartande vertikalaxlad rotor som kan utformas i en kompakt design samtidigt som den producerar mindre oljud än horisontalaxlade vindkraftverk. Dagens hållbarhetssträvan i kombination med Savonius turbinens karakteristiska egenskaper gör den till ett potentiellt starkt vertyg för vindenergi. Då den kan placeras på exempelvis hustak eller skyltstolpar, utan att störa närliggande omgivning, finns det många möjliga sätt att implementera och integrera den i samhällets infrastruktur. Målet med detta projekt var att undersöka den aerodynamiska prestationen för Savoniusturbiner med två blad genom att variera bladvinkeln och överlappningsförhållandet. För att jämföra de olika profilerna användes den dimensionslösa effektkoefficienten och momentkoefficienten. Dessa koefficienter beräknades i förhållande till löptalet. Studien utfördes numeriskt med 2D-simuleringar i Ansys Fluent. De partiella differentialekvationerna som beskriver flödets egenskaper, inkluderat turbulenseffekterna, löstes med Reynolds-average Navier Stokes i kombination med k-ω SST modellen. En validering utfördes genom att jämföra data med simulerade och experimentella värden av en Semi-circular profil och en Benesh profil. Studien av bladvinkel och överlappningsförhållandet utgick från en Modified Bach profil. Den mest effektiva profilen hade en bladvinkel av 130 grader och ett överlappsförhållande på 0,56. Den genererade en maximal effektkoefficient av 0,267 vid löptal 0,9. Projektet innehöll en del osäkerheter då simuleringar aldrig kan beskriva verkligheten till fullo. Den tillgängliga beräkningskapaciteten begränsade även projektet ytterligare. Trots vissa begränsningar, visar ändå utförda simuleringar att ökad bladvinkel och ökat överlappningsförhållande genererar högre effekt. / <p>This project was conducted within Stand up for wind and Stand up for energy.</p>

Urychlovačem řízené podkritické systémy (ADS) se schopností transmutovat dlouhodobě žijící radionuklidy mohou vyřešit problematiku použitého jaderného paliva z aktuálních jaderných reaktorů. Stejně tak i potenciální problém s nedostatkem dnes používaného paliva, U-235, jelikož jsou schopny energeticky využít U-238 nebo i hojný izotop thoria Th-232. Tato disertační práce se v rámci základního ADS výzkumu zabývá spalačními reakcemi a produkcí tepla různých experimentálních terčů. Experimentální měření bylo provedeno ve Spojeném ústavu jaderných výzkumů v Dubně v Ruské federaci. V rámci doktorského studia bylo v průběhu let 2015-2019 provedeno 13 experimentů. Během výzkumu byly na urychlovači Fázotron ozařovány různé terče protony s energií 660 MeV. Nejdříve spalační terč QUINTA složený z 512 kg přírodního uranu, následně pak experimentální terče z olova a uhlíku nebo terč složený z olověných cihel. Byl proveden také speciální experiment zaměřený na detailní výzkum dvou protony ozařovaných uranových válečků, z nichž je složen spalační terč QUINTA. Výzkum byl především zaměřen na monitorování uvolňovaného tepla ze zpomalovaných protonů, spalační reakce a štěpení, způsobeného neutrony produkovanými spalační reakcí. Dále se na uvolňování tepla podílely piony a fotony. Teplota byla experimentálně měřena pomocí přesných termočlánků se speciální kalibrací. Rozdíly teplot byly monitorovány jak na povrchu, tak uvnitř terčů. Další výzkum byl zaměřený na monitorování unikajících neutronů z terče porovnávací metodou mezi dvěma detektory. První obsahoval malé množství štěpného materiálu s teplotním čidlem. Druhý byl složený z neštěpného materiálu (W nebo Ta), avšak s podobnými materiálovými vlastnostmi se stejnými rozměry. Unik neutronů (resp. neutronový tok mimo experimentální terč) byl detekován uvolněnou energií ze štěpné reakce. Tato práce se zabývá přesným měřením změny teploty pomocí termočlánků, s využitím elekroniky od National Instrument a softwaru LabView pro sběr dat. Pro práci s daty, analýzu a vizualizaci dat byl použit skriptovací jazyk Python 3.7. (s využitím několika knihoven). Přenos částic by simulován pomocí MCNPX 2.7.0., a konečně simulace přenosu tepla a určení povrchové teploty simulovaného modelu bylo provedeno v programu ANSYS Fluent (pro jednodušší výpočty ANSYS Transient Thermal).

Purpose of this thesis is to check influence of turbulent model used for simulation of flow close to primary elementi inserted into piping. The goal is to check if results computed by these models are equal and how precise is their prediction.

The main objective of this diploma thesis is to optimize the high lift device on the wing of the Phoenix Air U-15 ultralight aircraft, so that it complies with the UL-2 regulation regarding the stalling speed – 65 KPH. This is fulfilled by optimization of the slotted flap position. Methods used include the Response Surface Method and the Computational Fluid Dynamics approach – namely Ansys Fluent v6 software package. Furthermore, the paper deals with take-off flap optimization and construction of the flap deflection mechanism.

The diploma thesis is focused on a quantification of hydrodynamic load of overflowed bridge deck. Solution was pursued by using two–dimensional numerical simulation of open channel flow in vertical plane created in ANSYS 15.0 software (modules: Workbench, Design Modeler, Meshing, Fluent). Values of drag force, lift force, moment, drag coefficient, lift coefficient and moment coefficient is result of computation. Various types of bridge decks were tested in relation to the degree of inundation (inundation ratio) and flow velocity.The thesis provides comparison of numerical simulation with physical experimental testing and result published in accessible resources.