This report explores the use of origami techniques in the space, medical and military fields. This new design method will modify the design process and reduce costs. The origami design method will also improve the device’s performance and quality of the device. The most important and complex procedures are the selection and the fabrication processes for designing the origami devices. New software is necessary for origami design. The military, medical, and space sectors are leading this research and development. As the concept is new, very few devices have been made with success. This paper outlines the development of origami design and describes the applications as well as the material selection and fabrication process.

[pt] O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um novo tipo de conjunto direcional, constituído por um elemento ativo e vários elementos passivos dispostos ao longo de um arco de circunferência de círculo. Embora o problema seja analisado sob o ponto de vista teórico, devido às dificuldades ainda existentes para uma realização experimental, a quase total identidade entre o modelo real e o utilizado na análise, sugere que os resultados obtidos forneçam dados suficientemente precisos sobre o comportamento da antena. São representadas várias curvas relativas ao ganho, impedância e relação frente-costas que evidenciam o desempenho da antena, e permitem o dimensionamento da mesma. Finalmente, são incluídas diversas sugestões para uma avaliação experimental. / [en] This work introduces a novel directional array, composed of an active element and several passive ones disposed along a circular arc. Simulated results for gain, input impedance and front-to-back relation provide curves that illustrate the antenna behavior and allow its synthesis. Suggestion for the experiemental implementation are also presented.

[pt] O presente trabalho analisa o comportamento dos centros de fase da corneta cônica dual mode nos planos E e H para pontos de observação situados na região de Fresnel e de Fraunhofer. Em função da geometria da corneta e da combinação dos modos TE 11 e TM11 na abertura, são apresentadas diversas curvas assim como um monograma que caracterizam o problema em questão. / [en] The behavior of the phase centers of the dual mode conical horn is analyzed on the E and H planes and for observation points situated in the Fresnel and Fraunhosffer region. Several curves and a nomogram, characterizing the problem in question, are presented as a function of the horn´s geometry and the conbination of TE11 and TM11 modes.

[pt] Este trabalho descreve uma das técnicas utilizadas para controlar a distribuição na abertura , no plano E e , conseqüentemente, as características de radiação de uma corneta piramidal. Pequenas variações do ângulo de abertura, em vários pontos da corneta, são utilizadas para produzir uma configuração de campos, na abertura, atenuada nas bordas para o plano E e que conduz a larguras de feixe, equalizadas nos planos E e H, com baixo nível de lobos secundários. Esta idéia é formalizada teoricamente e aplicada com sucesso, através de uma aproximação de 1ª ordem, ao projeto de um alimentador para um sistema Cassegrain de baixo ruído. / [en] This work describes a technique for controlling the E-plane aperture distribution and, consequently, the radiation pattern of a pyramidal horn. Small variations of flare angle at several points along the horn are used to produce a tapered aperture field in the E-plane, resulting equal E and H-plane beamwidths with low sidclobes for a low noise Cassegrain antenna system.

Modern radar and communication systems have experienced a tremendous increase in the number of antennas onboard, on the ground, and in orbital space. This places a burden due to the confined volume and limited weight requirements especially in space applications. The reconfigurable antenna is a promising and exciting new type of antenna, where through the use of appropriate switches the antenna can be structurally reconfigured, to maintain the elements near their resonant dimensions for several frequency bands. This increases the bandwidth of the antenna dramatically, which enables the use of one antenna for several applications. Four novel reconfigurable antenna elements were designed to work at 2.45 GHz and at 5.78 GHz, to cover the transition period when wireless communication will shift to the 5.78 GHz band. The four elements designed are: the reconfigurable Yagi, the reconfigurable corner-fed triangular loop antenna, the reconfigurable center-fed equilateral triangular loop antenna and the reconfigurable rectangular-spiral antenna. None of these antennas have been reported in the literature. Simulation results for all four antennas were obtained using IE3D. Fabrication and measurements for the Yagi antenna was done and the measured results agree with simulations. All four antennas have very good performance with respect to the 3dB beamwidth and directivity. However the reconfigurable rectangular-spiral antenna is the most compact in size among all four antennas. It is (20 mm x 20 mm) in size. At 2.45 GHz it has a 3dB beamwidth of 87° and directivity of 6.47dB. As for the 5.78GHz frequency the 3dB beamwidth is 82.5° and the directivity is 7.16dB. This dissertation also introduces the use of reconfigurable antenna elements in adaptive arrays. An adaptive array that can null interference and direct its main lobe to the desired signal while being reconfigurable to maintain functionality at several frequency bands has the potential to revolutionize wireless communications in the future. Through several examples, at both the design frequencies, it is shown that the reconfigurable and adaptive antenna arrays are successful in nulling noises incident on the array. These examples illustrate how reconfigurable elements and adaptive arrays can be combined very beneficially for use in wireless communication systems.

Phased-array antennas are commonplace in the radiofrequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Exploitation of phasing effects between multiple antennas facilitates a wide range of applications, including synthetic-aperture radar, beam forming, and beam scanning. For the first time, the phased addition of multiple dipole antennas is demonstrated in the infrared, at a wavelength of 10.6 micrometers. Coplanar strip lines are used to interconnect the antennas, preserving the phase of the individual contributions. Several different proof-of-concept experiments are performed, using planar antennas fabricated with direct-write electron-beam lithography. Infrared-frequency currents from two dipole antennas are summed together at a common feedpoint and dissipated in a bolometric load. Angular pattern measurements show that the direction of maximum gain depends on the phase difference between the antennas. As more antennas are added together in phase, beam narrowing is observed in the angular response. Another experiment uses a two-dipole array to directly measure the magnitude of the mutual coherence function, at the plane of the antennas, of a spatially incoherent narrowband source. Measurements are also made of the broadside antenna response comparing air-side and substrate-side situations for a dipole antenna fabricated on a hemispherical immersion lens. In all cases, the measured behavior is confirmed by electromagnetic analysis.

An array of electronically-switched circular patch antennas is designed for breast tissue imaging for the purposes of cancer screening. Each array element is connected to a dedicated heterodyne radio, which performs amplification and downconversion to a single, low intermediate frequency for improved signal recovery. Data acquisition is accomplished with a VNA-based architecture. Details of the design are provided and are accompanied by simulated and experimental data. A receiver sensitivity of at least -120 dBm is expected, and an imaging sensor switching dynamic range between ON and OFF states of at least 127 dB is demonstrated based on experimental measurements. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

In this thesis, two different topics are treated related to wireless communication. Part I presents three different reconfigurable MEMS integrated antennas for MIMO applications. Simulation and measurement results are presented along with brief discussions on the topic of antenna selection with reconfigurable antenna elements. Part II presents an estimator for the coupling matrix of an antenna array with two slightly different approaches. CRB is derived and discussed in terms of parameter cost. / <p>QC 20101119</p>

Yes / This paper presents a circular polarization reconfigurable antenna for 5G applications, which is compact in size and has good axial ratio and frequency response. The proposed microstrip antenna is designed on a FR-4 substrate with a relative dielectric constant of 4.3 and has a maximum size of 30×30 mm2 with 50 Ω coaxial probe feeding. This design has two PIN diode switches controlling reconfiguration between right hand circular polarization (RHCP) and left hand circular polarization (LHCP). To achieve reconfigurability, a C-slot rectangular patch antenna with truncated corner techniques is employed by cutting off two corners on the radiating patch. The proposed antenna has been simulated using CST microwave studio software: it has 3.35-3.77 GHz and 3.4-3.72 GHz bands for both states of reconfiguration, and each is suitable for 5G applications with a good axial ratio of less than 1.8 dB and good gain of 4.8 dB for both modes of operation. / Innovation programme under grant agreement H2020-MSCA-ITN-2016 SECRET-722424, UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) under grant EP/E022936/1.

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