O cultivo de plantas das espécies de Vitis (Vitaceae), conhecidas popularmente como videiras, representa uma das atividades econômicas mais proeminentes no Sul do Brasil. Figuram entre as espécies mais ricas em compostos polifenólicos, sendo os mesmos responsáveis por inúmeras atividades biológicas e farmacológicas importantes, dentre as quais, a antioxidante. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetivou analisar quali e quantitativamente os principais grupos polifenólicos encontrados em extratos de videiras, os antocianos e flavonóides, bem como realizar ensaio para avaliação da atividade antioxidante in vitro. Neste sentido foram desenvolvidos e validados dois métodos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, com detector UV/VIS. A análise dos compostos fenólicos incluíram a utilização de duas colunas diferentes, sendo uma constituída por sílica C18 e outra RP-18 com partículas híbridas contendo ligações etano-silicone. Em ambos os métodos foram utilizados sistema de eluição em gradiente, cuja composição das fases móveis foram água e acetonitrila acificadas com ácido trifluoracético. Os métodos desenvolvidos foram validados segundo as normas vigentes e atenderam aos parâmetros de validação como especificidade, linearidade, precisão, sensibilidade, exatidão e robustez nas faixas de concentração avaliadas. O presente estudo também investigou a atividade antioxidante in vitro dos extratos de videira através do método potencial antioxidante reativo total (TRAP), o qual foi otimizado e validado segundo normas internacionais, utilizando Trolox como referência. A partir deste método também foi possível avaliar a reatividade total antioxidante (TAR). Todas as concentrações testadas apresentaram reatividade instantânea inferior ao composto de referência, entretanto, demonstraram atividade antioxidante superior ao Trolox 200 nM. / The cultivation of plants from Vitis species (Vitaceae), popularly known as grapevine, is one of the most prominent economic activities in southern Brazil. The Vitis species is one of the plants that is most rich in polyphenolic compounds, responsible for numerous important pharmacological and biological activities, such as antioxidant activity. In this context, this study aimed to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the principal groups encountered in grapevine extracts, the anthocyans and flavonoids, and to assay their antioxidant activities in vitro. For this purpose, two methods were developed and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography, employing a UV/VIS detector. The analysis of phenolic compounds included the utilization of two different columns: a column constituted by silica C18 and other RP18 column with bridged ethane-silicon hybrid particles. In both methods, a gradient system was used, with water and acetonitrile acidified with trifluoroacetic acid as a mobile phase. The methods developed were validated according to ICH evaluating parameters such as specificity, linearity, precision, sensibility, accuracy and robustness in the concentration range evaluated. The present study also analyzed the antioxidant activity in vitro of grapevine extracts employing the Total Reactive Antioxidant Potencial (TRAP) method, which was optimized and validated according to international patterns, using Trolox as a reference substance. This method also allowed evaluation of the total instantaneous reactivity (TAR). In all concentrations, the samples presented lower instantaneous reactivity than that of the reference compound. In contrast, the samples presented higher antioxidant activity than Trolox 200 nM.

O cultivo de plantas das espécies de Vitis (Vitaceae), conhecidas popularmente como videiras, representa uma das atividades econômicas mais proeminentes no Sul do Brasil. Figuram entre as espécies mais ricas em compostos polifenólicos, sendo os mesmos responsáveis por inúmeras atividades biológicas e farmacológicas importantes, dentre as quais, a antioxidante. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetivou analisar quali e quantitativamente os principais grupos polifenólicos encontrados em extratos de videiras, os antocianos e flavonóides, bem como realizar ensaio para avaliação da atividade antioxidante in vitro. Neste sentido foram desenvolvidos e validados dois métodos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, com detector UV/VIS. A análise dos compostos fenólicos incluíram a utilização de duas colunas diferentes, sendo uma constituída por sílica C18 e outra RP-18 com partículas híbridas contendo ligações etano-silicone. Em ambos os métodos foram utilizados sistema de eluição em gradiente, cuja composição das fases móveis foram água e acetonitrila acificadas com ácido trifluoracético. Os métodos desenvolvidos foram validados segundo as normas vigentes e atenderam aos parâmetros de validação como especificidade, linearidade, precisão, sensibilidade, exatidão e robustez nas faixas de concentração avaliadas. O presente estudo também investigou a atividade antioxidante in vitro dos extratos de videira através do método potencial antioxidante reativo total (TRAP), o qual foi otimizado e validado segundo normas internacionais, utilizando Trolox como referência. A partir deste método também foi possível avaliar a reatividade total antioxidante (TAR). Todas as concentrações testadas apresentaram reatividade instantânea inferior ao composto de referência, entretanto, demonstraram atividade antioxidante superior ao Trolox 200 nM. / The cultivation of plants from Vitis species (Vitaceae), popularly known as grapevine, is one of the most prominent economic activities in southern Brazil. The Vitis species is one of the plants that is most rich in polyphenolic compounds, responsible for numerous important pharmacological and biological activities, such as antioxidant activity. In this context, this study aimed to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the principal groups encountered in grapevine extracts, the anthocyans and flavonoids, and to assay their antioxidant activities in vitro. For this purpose, two methods were developed and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography, employing a UV/VIS detector. The analysis of phenolic compounds included the utilization of two different columns: a column constituted by silica C18 and other RP18 column with bridged ethane-silicon hybrid particles. In both methods, a gradient system was used, with water and acetonitrile acidified with trifluoroacetic acid as a mobile phase. The methods developed were validated according to ICH evaluating parameters such as specificity, linearity, precision, sensibility, accuracy and robustness in the concentration range evaluated. The present study also analyzed the antioxidant activity in vitro of grapevine extracts employing the Total Reactive Antioxidant Potencial (TRAP) method, which was optimized and validated according to international patterns, using Trolox as a reference substance. This method also allowed evaluation of the total instantaneous reactivity (TAR). In all concentrations, the samples presented lower instantaneous reactivity than that of the reference compound. In contrast, the samples presented higher antioxidant activity than Trolox 200 nM.

O cultivo de plantas das espécies de Vitis (Vitaceae), conhecidas popularmente como videiras, representa uma das atividades econômicas mais proeminentes no Sul do Brasil. Figuram entre as espécies mais ricas em compostos polifenólicos, sendo os mesmos responsáveis por inúmeras atividades biológicas e farmacológicas importantes, dentre as quais, a antioxidante. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetivou analisar quali e quantitativamente os principais grupos polifenólicos encontrados em extratos de videiras, os antocianos e flavonóides, bem como realizar ensaio para avaliação da atividade antioxidante in vitro. Neste sentido foram desenvolvidos e validados dois métodos por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, com detector UV/VIS. A análise dos compostos fenólicos incluíram a utilização de duas colunas diferentes, sendo uma constituída por sílica C18 e outra RP-18 com partículas híbridas contendo ligações etano-silicone. Em ambos os métodos foram utilizados sistema de eluição em gradiente, cuja composição das fases móveis foram água e acetonitrila acificadas com ácido trifluoracético. Os métodos desenvolvidos foram validados segundo as normas vigentes e atenderam aos parâmetros de validação como especificidade, linearidade, precisão, sensibilidade, exatidão e robustez nas faixas de concentração avaliadas. O presente estudo também investigou a atividade antioxidante in vitro dos extratos de videira através do método potencial antioxidante reativo total (TRAP), o qual foi otimizado e validado segundo normas internacionais, utilizando Trolox como referência. A partir deste método também foi possível avaliar a reatividade total antioxidante (TAR). Todas as concentrações testadas apresentaram reatividade instantânea inferior ao composto de referência, entretanto, demonstraram atividade antioxidante superior ao Trolox 200 nM. / The cultivation of plants from Vitis species (Vitaceae), popularly known as grapevine, is one of the most prominent economic activities in southern Brazil. The Vitis species is one of the plants that is most rich in polyphenolic compounds, responsible for numerous important pharmacological and biological activities, such as antioxidant activity. In this context, this study aimed to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the principal groups encountered in grapevine extracts, the anthocyans and flavonoids, and to assay their antioxidant activities in vitro. For this purpose, two methods were developed and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography, employing a UV/VIS detector. The analysis of phenolic compounds included the utilization of two different columns: a column constituted by silica C18 and other RP18 column with bridged ethane-silicon hybrid particles. In both methods, a gradient system was used, with water and acetonitrile acidified with trifluoroacetic acid as a mobile phase. The methods developed were validated according to ICH evaluating parameters such as specificity, linearity, precision, sensibility, accuracy and robustness in the concentration range evaluated. The present study also analyzed the antioxidant activity in vitro of grapevine extracts employing the Total Reactive Antioxidant Potencial (TRAP) method, which was optimized and validated according to international patterns, using Trolox as a reference substance. This method also allowed evaluation of the total instantaneous reactivity (TAR). In all concentrations, the samples presented lower instantaneous reactivity than that of the reference compound. In contrast, the samples presented higher antioxidant activity than Trolox 200 nM.

Presented diploma thesis deals with the analysis of juices of selected red and white currant varieties. The theoretical part is dedicated to the characteristics of a currant, biologically active substances of its fruits, its growing proces and the utilization of currants in the food industry. The analyzed parameters of currants - phenolics, anthocyanins and vitamin C are also characterized in the theoretical part with possibůe methods of their determination. The experimental part is devoted to the preparation of samples and the working practices of individual analysis. Six selected varieties of white and eleven varieties of red currant from Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd. and six varieties of white and ten varieties of red currant from private grower were used for the analysis. Total phenolics and anthocyanins were determined spectrophotometrically, the content of vitamin C was determined by HPLC. Higher values of these compounds were measured mainly in the varieties of Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology Holovousy Ltd. Varieties of red currants contained higher amounts of total phenolics and anthocyanins while white currants contained higher amounts of vitamin C.

This thesis deals with the preparation of the combined alcoholic beverages based on wine and fruit juices. The fruit juices were obtained from the selected fruits as honeysuckle, mulberry, dogwood, rose hips, elderberry, buckthorn and aronia. Some chemical properties e. g. total fenolics, total anthocyanins, vitamin C and sacharides were determined for characterization of the mentioned juices. As well as chemical parameter of juices, the same chemical parameters were determined on wine. There were prepared three sets of combined beverages from wine and juices. The two best evaluated beverages were chosen on the basis of their sensory evaluation. In the end, the same chemical properties were determined in both particular juices and resulting beverages.

Le procédé innovant d’hydrodiffusion par micro-onde a été testé et validé pour la fabrication de jus de fruit sur des raisins, abricots et prunes. Ce procédé présente des avantages au niveau technique : rapidité d’extraction, pas de préparation de l’échantillon, aucun auxiliaire de fabrication. Il permet l’obtention de jus à partir de fruits difficiles à presser, avec une pasteurisation « in line » et des produits se différenciant nettement des jus commerciaux par leur couleur et texture.Le jus est expulsé du fruit sous l’effet de la vapeur produite in situ. A partir du fruit congelé, la déstructuration liée à la croissance des cristaux de glace facilite l’extraction. Les rendements le plus élevés sont obtenus à partir de fruits congelés, et à basse puissance. Une partie de l’eau des fruits est convertie en vapeur, mais peut être récupérée en utilisant un réfrigérant, ce qui permet d’atteindre des rendements proches des rendements de jus obtenus avec un prétraitement enzymatique et pressurage. Globalement, le jus a une composition proche de celle du jus présent dans le fruit ou obtenus par pressurage. La composition du jus expulsé des fruits change au cours de l’extraction. La concentration des composés présents dans la chair et hydrosolubles (sucres, acides, acides phénoliques) baisse nettement en fin d’extraction, tandis que les anthocyanes, présentes dans l’épiderme des raisins ou des prunes, montrent un pic de concentration lors de la phase d’expulsion rapide des jus. La teneur en procyanidines est nettement plus élevée que pour des jus obtenus par pressurage / The hydrodiffusion process was tested and validated for production of juices from grapes, apricots and plums. Its major advantages are speed, no sample preparation, no processing aid. It allows production of juices from hard-to-press fruits with an in line pasteurisation. The juices present original characteristics notable bright colours, texture, and a fresh fruit aroma.The juice is expulsed from the fruit by the pressure due to in situ vapour generation. The destructuration occuring in frozen fruits due to growth of ice crystals facilitate the juice expulsion. The highest yields are obtained from frozen fruits and at low power densities. Part of the water from the fruits is vaporised, and can be collected by use of a cooler, allowing to reach yields comparable to those obtained by pressing after an enzymatic pre-treatment. Juice composition is close to that of juice extracted by pressing, though with slightly lower concentrations of most soluble solids. The composition of juice changes along the extraction. The highly soluble compounds present in the fruit flesh mostly show a clear exhaustion at the end ofextraction. Anthocyans, present exclusively in the peel of the test fruits, present a maximum during the fast juice extraction phase. Procyanidin concentrations is much higher in juices obtained by hydrodiffusion than in conventional juices