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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:00:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4100.pdf: 10015136 bytes, checksum: bc31aab81de495592a5eecf2bd20eb05 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-31 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This dissertation is an anthropological study about the relations constructed by children of art and its objects in Art-Education classes. Following concerns built from my experience as a teacher, I have conducted an ethnographical research that pointed out to differences in the definition, classification and contemplation of art objects between students and teachers at Art-Education classes. From an ethnography carried out at two 5th grades of elementary education at public schools in Sao Carlos-SP, it was possible to notice on processes of construction of knowledge that children, besides teachers, as well as art objects and other field agents, are active subjects in those learning relationship. Their drawings contributed to highlight that relationships constructed in the teaching-learning process affect the ways of knowing, appreciating and making art. They also showed that children act in a particular way toward art objects. Finally, ethnography led to reflections about art-education for children, as well as about our own art system. / Essa dissertação é um estudo antropológico sobre as relações que as crianças constroem com a arte e seus objetos em sala de aula. Partindo de inquietações advindas de minhas experiências enquanto professora, constatei, em uma pesquisa etnográfica, diferenças na definição, classificação e fruição dos objetos artísticos entre alunos e professores nas aulas de Arte. Por meio da etnografia realizada em duas 5as séries de escolas da cidade de São Carlos SP, foi possível perceber que os processos de produção do conhecimento apontam para as crianças, além de professores, objetos de arte e outros agentes do campo artístico, como sujeitos ativos nas relações de aprendizagem. Os desenhos realizados por elas contribuíram para evidenciar que as relações construídas no processo de ensino e aprendizagem interferem nas formas de conhecer, apreciar e fazer arte, mas também mostraram que as crianças agem de forma particularizada, frente aos objetos artísticos, nos contextos dessas três ações. Por fim, a etnografia levou a reflexões sobre a educação em arte com as crianças, bem como, sobre nosso próprio sistema artístico.

Personal space is a human’s imaginary system of precaution and an important concept for exploring territoriality, but between humans and technology because machinic agencies transfer, relocate, enact and reenact territorially. Literatures of territoriality, violence and affect are uniquely brought together, with chatbots as the research object to argue that their ongoing development as artificial agents, and the ambiguity of violence they can engender, have broader ramifications for a socio-technical research programme. These literatures help to understand the interrelation of virtual and actual spatiality relevant to research involving chatrooms and internet forums, automated systems and processes, as well as human and machine agencies; because all of these spaces, methods and agencies involve the personal sphere. The thesis is an ethical tale of cruel techno-science that is performed through conceptualisations from the creative arts, constituting a PhD by practice. This thesis chronicles four chatbots, taking into account interventions made in fine art, design, fiction and film that are omitted from a history of agent technology. The thesis re-interprets Edward Hall’s work on proxemics, personal space and territoriality, using techniques of the bricoleur and rudiments (an undeveloped and speculative method of practice), to understand chatbot techniques such as the pick-up, their entrapment logics, their repetitions of hateful speech, their nonsense talk (including how they disorientate spatial metaphors), as well as how developers switch on and off their learning functionality. Semi-structured interviews and online forum postings with chatbot developers were used to expand and reflect on the rudimentary method. To urge that this project is timely is itself a statement of anxiety. Chatbots can manipulate, exceed, and exhaust a human understanding of both space and time. Violence between humans and machines in online and offline spaces is explored as an interweaving of agency and spatiality. A series of rudiments were used to probe empirical experiments such as the Prisoner’s Dilemma (Tucker, 1950). The spatial metaphors of confinement as a parable of entrapment, are revealed within that logic and that of chatbots. The ‘Obedience to Authority’ experiments (Milgram, 1961) were used to reflect on the roles played by machines which are then reflected into a discussion of chatbots and the experiments done in and around them. The agency of the experimenter was revealed in the machine as evidenced with chatbots which has ethical ramifications. The argument of personal space is widened to include the ways machinic territoriality and its violence impacts on our ways of living together both in the private spheres of our computers and homes, as well as in state-regulated conditions (Directive-3, 2003). The misanthropic aspects of chatbot design are reflected through the methodology of designing out of fear. I argue that personal spaces create misanthropic design imperatives, methods and ways of living. Furthermore, the technological agencies of personal spaces have a confining impact on the transient spaces of the non-places in a wider discussion of the lift, chatroom and car. The violent origins of the chatbot are linked to various imaginings of impending disaster through visualisations, supported by case studies in fiction to look at the resonance of how anxiety transformed into terror when considering the affects of violence.

La présente monographie s’inscrit dans le champ de l’anthropologie de l’art et dans celui des études théâtrales. Elle est constituée de plusieurs enquêtes ethnographiques qui visent à rendre compte, par une série de récits et d’analyse, du destin singulier d’un projet artistique que j’ai accompagné entre 2014 et 2017 : la conception d’une mise en scène pour l’opéra Parsifal. A travers cet évènement, je raconte l’histoire d’une rencontre paradoxale entre un artiste contemporain, Jonathan Meese, né en 1970, et un artiste du passé, Richard Wagner(1813-1883). Le spectacle devait avoir lieu dans le cadre du Festival de Bayreuth de 2016. Sa mise en scène, avec scénographie et costumes, fut conçue par Meese et ses équipes, et présentée aux intendantes. Mais l’affaire tourna mal : la rupture de contrat fut l’occasion d’une vive polémique. Pourtant la rencontre a bien pris place, comme processus de conception, dans les performances de l’artiste, et engendra un autre opéra – le Mondparsifal – présenté à Vienne puis à Berlin en 2017.Jonathan Meese occupe une place importante dans le paysage contemporain de l’art en Allemagne. Artiste plasticien touche-à-tout, il a fait de son personnage le médium central de son œuvre, par une mise en abysse permanente de sa position de grand artiste, entre génie romantique et artiste brut. Il est célèbre pour ses discours provocateurs – il proclame la « dictature de l’art » et reprend le salut hitlérien dans une esthétique influencée par le mouvement punk.Jouant des ambivalences de l’héritage Richard Wagner, Meese fait intervenir dans ses œuvres la figure du maître de Bayreuth, parmi d’autres figures issues de la haute culture allemande mais aussi de la culture populaire. L’exploration des enjeux de son engagement par le Festival montre que l’association de ces deux personnages, par l’étrange résonnance qu’elle produit,a le potentiel d’actualiser une part de l’héritage de Richard Wagner : la dimension radicale et totale de son œuvre.Cependant, l’enquête ethnographique réalisée parmi les wagnériens, au Cercle Richard- Wagner de Paris et au Festival de Bayreuth, montre que cet héritage est l’objet d’autres enjeux qui rendent le renouvellement difficile. D’autres préoccupations personnelles et d’autres valeurs, liés à l’excellence musicale, à la mondanité élitiste et la convenance touristique, favorisent une rigidification des attentes des publics. Celle-ci aura empêché l’œuvre réunissant Meese et Wagner de voir le jour.Le récit de la conception du spectacle qui fut imaginé pour Bayreuth montre les différents métiers aux prises avec les exigences de cette rencontre entre art contemporain et drame musical. Des divergences importantes y ont été observées quant aux manières de procéder ensemble sur le « sentier » de la création, et ce jusqu’à la présentation finale. Je décris la manière dont les images émergent dans l’espace de la discussion, comment différents supports sont utilisés pour les laisser évoluer ou pour les fixer temporairement. Je montre l’évolution cyclique des « versions » reprises à chaque séance, ainsi que les compétences des collaborateurs de l’artiste dans cet effort cognitif distribué.Enfin, j’ai utilisé la méthode ethnographique du dessin sur le vif pour faire le récit des répétitions de l’opéra contemporain Mondparsifal. Par cette méthode du dessin, par ses développements théoriques et par ses récits en première personne, cette dissertation pose l’étude des ambiances comme élément central dans le compte rendu des processus de création. Cette enquête interdisciplinaire met en évidence la singularité de Jonathan Meese en tant qu'artiste et producteur de théâtre, tout en abordant des questions plus vastes sur les processus créatifs polémiques. / This doctoral dissertation interweaves the fields of anthropology of art and that of performance studies to examine the work of Jonathan Meese around the drama Parsifal. Through several ethnographic inquiries presented as a series of narratives and analysis, this monograph addresses the singular destiny of an artistic project that I followed in participant observation between 2014 and 2017: the conception of a staging for the opera Parsifal. This event allows the telling of the story of a paradoxical encounter between a contemporary artist, Jonathan Meese, born in 1970, and an artist of the past, Richard Wagner (1813-1883), two controversial polemicist creative figures in the Germany of their own times.The show was to take place in the 2016 edition of the Bayreuth Festival. The staging, with scenography and costumes, was designed by Meese and his team, and presented to the intendants. But the affair did not turn out as planned: they were not accepted for the Festival and the breach of contract was the occasion for a lively controversy. Yet the encounter took place, as a design process, in the performance of the artist, and brought forth another opera - the Mondparsifal - presented in Vienna and Berlin in 2017.Jonathan Meese holds an important position in the contemporary art landscape in Germany. A prolific visual artist, he has made his character the central medium of his work, by a permanent mise en abime of his position as a great artist, between romantic genius and art “brut”. He is famous for his provocative speeches - he proclaims the "dictatorship of art" and performs Hitler's salutes in an aesthetic influenced by the punk movement. Playing with the ambivalences of the Richard Wagner legacy, Meese brings into his work the figure of the Bayreuth master since the beginning of Wagner’s’ career – along with pop-culture figures and fairy-tales characters. The exploration of the stakes of his engagement by the Festival shows that the association of these two characters, by the strange resonance that it produces, has the potential to update a part of the heritage of Richard Wagner: the radical and total dimension of his controversial work. However, the ethnographic survey carried out among the Wagnerians, at the Richard-Wagner Circle of Paris and the Bayreuth Festival, shows that this heritage is the subject of a complex set of tensions that make renewal difficult. Personal concerns and long-established aesthetic musical values, discourses related to musical excellence, elitist worldliness and touristic convenience, favour a stiffening of public expectations.The first-person narrative of the staging's conception depicts the professional team struggling with the requirements of this encounter between contemporary art and musical drama. Significant divergences were observed as to how to proceed together on the "path" of creation - until the final presentation. I describe how the images of the staging emerge in the discussion space, how different media is used to let them evolve or to fix them temporarily. I show the cyclical evolution of the "versions" taken up at each session, as well as the skills of the collaborators of the artist in this effort of distributed cognition.Finally, I used ethnographic drawing to relate the rehearsals of the contemporary opera Mondparsifal. Through drawings, theoretical approaches, and ethnographic narrative this dissertation stays linked with the study of atmospheres as a central element in the account of the processes of creation. This interdisciplinary inquiry highlights the singularity of Jonathan Meese as an artist and theatre producer while engaging with larger questions about polemical creative processes. / Diese Dissertation verbindet die Bereiche Anthropologie der Kunst und Performance Studies, um das Werk von Jonathan Meese um das Drama Parsifal zu untersuchen. Durch mehrere ethnografischen Untersuchungen, die als eine Reihe von Erzählungen und Analysen präsentiert werden, widmet sich die Monographie dem einzigartigen Schicksal eines künstlerischen Projekts, das ich zwischen 2014 und 2017 in teilnehmender Beobachtung verfolgt habe: die Konzeption einer Inszenierung für die Oper PARSIFAL. Dieses Ereignis ermöglicht die Narration der Geschichte einer paradoxen Begegnung zwischen einem zeitgenössischen Künstler, Jonathan Meese (Jahrgang 1970) und einem Künstler der Vergangenheit, Richard Wagner (1813-1883) - zwei umstrittene, polemische und schöpferische Figuren in Deutschland.Die Aufführung sollte 2016 im Rahmen der Bayreuther Festspiele stattfinden. Die Inszenierung mit Szenografie und Kostümen wurde von Meese und seinem Team entworfen und den Intendanten präsentiert. Aber die Sache lief nicht nach Plan: Sie wurden für das Festival nicht angenommen, der Vertragsbruch verursachte einen Skandal. Doch die Begebenheit fand als Entwurfsprozess und in einer Performance des Künstlers statt und brachte eine weitere Oper hervor - das MONDPARSIFAL -, das 2017 in Wien und Berlin aufgeführt wurde.Jonathan Meese nimmt eine wichtige Position in der zeitgenössischen Kunstlandschaft Deutschlands ein. Als bildender Künstler hat er seinen Charakter zum zentralen Medium seiner Arbeit gemacht, indem er seine Position als Künstler, zwischen romantischem Genie und der Art "brut", immer wieder hinterfragt. Er ist berühmt für seine provokanten Reden, proklamiert die "Diktatur der Kunst" und führt den Hitlergruß in einer von der Punk- Bewegung beeinflussten Ästhetik aus. Mit den Ambivalenzen des Richard-Wagner- Nachlasses spielend, bringt Meese die Figur des Bayreuther Meisters von Anfang an mit Popkulturfiguren und Märchenfiguren zusammen. Die Erforschung seines Auftrags bei den Bayreuther Festspiele zeigt, dass die Verbindung der beiden Charaktere, durch die besondere Resonanz, die sie erzeugt, das Potential hat, einen Teil des Erbes von Richard Wagner zu aktualisieren: die radikale und totale Dimension dieser kontroversen Arbeit. Die ethnografische Untersuchung der Wagnerianer, des Richard-Wagner-Verbandes in Paris und der Bayreuther Festspiele zeigt jedoch, dass dieses Erbe komplexe Spannungen erzeugt, die eine Erneuerung erschweren. Persönliche Anliegen und alteingesessene ästhetische Vorstellungen von Musik, Diskurse in Bezug auf musikalische Exzellenz, elitäre Weltläufigkeit und touristische Bequemlichkeit begünstigen eine Versteifung der öffentlichen Erwartungen.In der Erzählung des Konzeptionsprozesses wird das professionelle Team dargestellt, das sich mit der Begegnung zwischen zeitgenössischer Kunst und Musiktheater auseinandersetzt. Signifikante Konflikte wurden beobachtet, wie auf dem "Weg" der Schöpfung bis zur endgültigen Präsentation gemeinsam vorzugehen ist. Ich beschreibe, wie die Bilder der Inszenierung im Diskussionsraum entstehen, wie verschiedene Medien dazu benutzt werden, sich zu entwickeln oder temporär zu fixieren. Ich zeige die zyklische Entwicklung der "Versionen", die in jeder Sitzung aufgegriffen wurden, sowie die Fähigkeiten der Mitarbeiter des Künstlers in diesem Bemühen um verteilte Erkenntnis.Schließlich habe ich ethnografische Zeichnungen verwendet, um die Proben der zeitgenössische Oper MONDPARSIFAL zu erzählen. Durch Zeichnungen, theoretische Ansätze und ethnografische Narrationen ist die Dissertation mit dem Studium der Atmosphären als zentralem Element in der Darstellung der Schöpfungsprozesse verbunden. Diese interdisziplinäre Untersuchung beleuchtet die Einzigartigkeit von Jonathan Meese als Künstler und Theatermacher, und beschäftigt sich mit zentralen Fragen zu kreativen Prozessen.

PhDr. Kateřina Štěpánová, MA Abstrakt disertační práce, 2013 An Exotic Artefact Study of the position of an object from Fourth World in the Czech culture Abstract This thesis deals with the anthropological and museological approach to the presentation of exotic artefacts in the Western culture. It responds to the absence of theoretical studies and papers on the possibilities of perception and presentation of these objects in the Czech Republic. In principle, it is mainly inspired by foreign literature and author's own experience with Western expositions. Thesis contains a theoretical and an empirical part. The subject of the first part is the analysis of key approaches to the non-European ethnographic objects, their potential and different possibilities of their public presentation. Main attention is focused on key topics of anthropology of art frequently discussed by the international scientific community. Methodologically, this part presents the analysis, and the interpretation of primary and secondary literature. In the empirical part there are shown results of own effort to analyze the problem. The included application part describes realization of the particular program created on basis of museum-pedagogy. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the development of perception, and to the presentation...

This thesis proposes elements for a cognitive anthropology of visual art. Most works of art are human-made objects that cannot be approached in purely functional terms, and as such they frustrate important cognitive expectations that people have about artefacts. For this reason, it is hypothesised that art triggers speculation about the artist’s intention, and that it is intuitively approached as a form of communication. By application of Bloom’s (1996) theory of artefact categorisation, and Sperber and Wilson’s (1986/1995) relevance theory of communication, a series of predictions are generated for art categorisation (or definition), art appreciation, and art cultural distribution. Two empirical studies involving more than 1,000 participants tested the most important of these predictions. In study 1, a relationship was found between how much a series of works of art were liked and how easy they were to understand. Study 2 comprised four experiments. In experiment 1, a series of hyperrealistic paintings were preferred when they were labelled as paintings than when they were labelled as photographs. In experiments 2a and 2b, a series of paintings were considered easier to understand and, under some conditions, were preferred, when they were accompanied by titles that made it easier to understand the artist’s intention. In experiment 3, a series of artefacts were more likely to be considered “art” when they were thought to have been created intentionally than when they were thought to have been created accidentally. The results of studies 1 and 2 confirmed the predictions tested, and are interpreted in the framework of relevance theory. The art experience involves speculation about the artist’s intention, and it is partly assessed as a form of communication that is constrained by relevance dynamics. Implications for anthropology of art, psychology of art, and the art world are discussed.

In this dissertation I investigate photographs not only as images of something, or as objects we can hold, but I also investigate how they are acts grounded in place. That is, I consider the photograph as event. The backbone of my research is a hybrid social science and visual art undertaking in which I produce both academic texts and art installations through visual inquiry into the intensely imagined places that are Canadian national parks. I examine how the myth of wilderness is made concrete in visual images of Waterton Lakes National Park, Alberta. I explore the situatedness of photography through ethnographic and archival research into the conditions that produced over four-hundred photographs of Waterton from the late 19th century to the present. This research advances understanding of how specific historical photographic events shape dominant systems of environmental knowledge in Canada. I explore the intertwined histories of place and representation in Waterton over the past 150 years and how they emerge in the present. To unravel the politics of representation in national parks in Canada I address three key questions: First, how do images that portray and represent wilderness in Canada affect not only our imagination about national parks, but our experiences in, and actions in, national parks? In particular, how are photographs not just representations of national parks but how do we form a relationship to space and place through them? Second, I carry out a visual investigation of Waterton Lakes National Park to study the photograph as event, and ask, how photographs, not just as images and objects, are acts grounded in place? Finally, I ask: What new approaches can be deployed to investigate existing visual collections and to bring them to bear on the history and present of the national park space? I describe how visual methods can generate new ways of thinking about photography and place.