Sob a perspectiva de um reexame do momento de formação do teatro épico contemporâneo, esta dissertação consiste num estudo sobre o trabalho colaborativo de Bertolt Brecht e Kurt Weill nos anos de 1926 a 1933, com ênfase para o assim chamado teatro de atualidades elaborado pelos artistas. Tomando como linha condutora os três momentos centrais da República de Weimar (a crise de 1919-1923, a estabilização econômica e o craque de 1929) tentamos apreender como lírica, teatro e música confluíram criticamente na criação de um teatro político à altura das questões suscitadas pelo processo histórico de realinhamento capitalista sob o governo de coalizão de esquerda SPD/USPD, bem como de suas complexas implicações na cultura. Para tanto, em diálogo com a crítica literária brasileira e alemã, realizamos uma leitura da obra do jovem Brecht pautada pela questão do reaproveitamento que o dramaturgo fizera da música em seu livro de estreia como lírico, Hauspostille (1927), onde certo veio da cultura urbana anticapitalista dos cabarés da belle époque foi mobilizado, através da influência da lírica e do teatro de Frank Wedekind. Noutro nível, sob a linha condutora do projeto brechtiano de uma ópera culinária, procuramos traçar um apanhado das questões que marcaram a formação da linguagem musical de Kurt Weill, problematizando o desenvolvimento de seu trabalho coletivo com o Novembergruppe, sua abordagem da ópera moderna e da música utilitária e finalmentee seu pensamento sobre as potencialidades estético-políticas do rádio. O trabalho se conclui, enfim, pela análise de três obras da parceria Brecht/Weill: Berliner Requiem (1929), Mahagonny Songspiel (1927) e A ópera dos três vinténs (1928). / Through the perspective of a re-examination of contemporary Epic Theater, this dissertation consists of a study about the collaborative work of Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill from 1926 to 1933, centered upon the so called Zeittheater invented by both artists. By following the thread between the three main periods of Weimar Republic (the 1919-1923 political crisis, the stabilization period and the economical crash of 1929) our intention was to understand how Brechts previous lyric poetry, music and theatre enabled the autor to critically incorporate into his political theater matters brought up by the context of capitalistic re-alignment made by the left coalision government of SPD/USPD, as well as the impact of this complex political setting on culture. In order to do so and to maintain a dialoge with both brazillian and german literary criticism, we have sketched a reading of young Brechts work, focused on the appreciation of the influence of Frank Wedekinds lyric poetry and theater where a certain tendence of belle époque anti-capitalistic cabaret culture is registered on Brechts music, mainly through an interpretation of his first poetry book Hauspostille (1927). On another level, we have sketched the central issues that oriented the making of a new musical language by Kurt Weill, especifically the meaning of his collective work with Novembergruppe, his approach on Gebrauchsmusik and modern opera, his essays about aesthetical and political potencialities of radio and how they combined with Brechts project of culinary operas. Lastly this study is concluded by the analysis and interpretation of three different works by Brecht/Weill: Berliner Requiem (1929), Mahagonny Songspiel (1927) and The Threepenny Opera (1928).

Sob a perspectiva de um reexame do momento de formação do teatro épico contemporâneo, esta dissertação consiste num estudo sobre o trabalho colaborativo de Bertolt Brecht e Kurt Weill nos anos de 1926 a 1933, com ênfase para o assim chamado teatro de atualidades elaborado pelos artistas. Tomando como linha condutora os três momentos centrais da República de Weimar (a crise de 1919-1923, a estabilização econômica e o craque de 1929) tentamos apreender como lírica, teatro e música confluíram criticamente na criação de um teatro político à altura das questões suscitadas pelo processo histórico de realinhamento capitalista sob o governo de coalizão de esquerda SPD/USPD, bem como de suas complexas implicações na cultura. Para tanto, em diálogo com a crítica literária brasileira e alemã, realizamos uma leitura da obra do jovem Brecht pautada pela questão do reaproveitamento que o dramaturgo fizera da música em seu livro de estreia como lírico, Hauspostille (1927), onde certo veio da cultura urbana anticapitalista dos cabarés da belle époque foi mobilizado, através da influência da lírica e do teatro de Frank Wedekind. Noutro nível, sob a linha condutora do projeto brechtiano de uma ópera culinária, procuramos traçar um apanhado das questões que marcaram a formação da linguagem musical de Kurt Weill, problematizando o desenvolvimento de seu trabalho coletivo com o Novembergruppe, sua abordagem da ópera moderna e da música utilitária e finalmentee seu pensamento sobre as potencialidades estético-políticas do rádio. O trabalho se conclui, enfim, pela análise de três obras da parceria Brecht/Weill: Berliner Requiem (1929), Mahagonny Songspiel (1927) e A ópera dos três vinténs (1928). / Through the perspective of a re-examination of contemporary Epic Theater, this dissertation consists of a study about the collaborative work of Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill from 1926 to 1933, centered upon the so called Zeittheater invented by both artists. By following the thread between the three main periods of Weimar Republic (the 1919-1923 political crisis, the stabilization period and the economical crash of 1929) our intention was to understand how Brechts previous lyric poetry, music and theatre enabled the autor to critically incorporate into his political theater matters brought up by the context of capitalistic re-alignment made by the left coalision government of SPD/USPD, as well as the impact of this complex political setting on culture. In order to do so and to maintain a dialoge with both brazillian and german literary criticism, we have sketched a reading of young Brechts work, focused on the appreciation of the influence of Frank Wedekinds lyric poetry and theater where a certain tendence of belle époque anti-capitalistic cabaret culture is registered on Brechts music, mainly through an interpretation of his first poetry book Hauspostille (1927). On another level, we have sketched the central issues that oriented the making of a new musical language by Kurt Weill, especifically the meaning of his collective work with Novembergruppe, his approach on Gebrauchsmusik and modern opera, his essays about aesthetical and political potencialities of radio and how they combined with Brechts project of culinary operas. Lastly this study is concluded by the analysis and interpretation of three different works by Brecht/Weill: Berliner Requiem (1929), Mahagonny Songspiel (1927) and The Threepenny Opera (1928).

(EN) Negation, in its many shapes and forms, is an integral part of the history of twentieth-century art. If we look at the world through the dialectical logic of the ever-changing struggle between theses and antitheses, art too comes out as a result of the clash of two inseparable counterparts. Creation is destruction, just like destruction is creation. This diploma thesis tries to explore the broad topic of negation by defining two main interests, which are the topics of destruction and dropping out of the art scene. It sees both cases as a way of revolting against the position of the artist and art in the consumer society of the West. The text handles the phenomenon of destruction in art through multiple examples of artistic movements and the social context after the Second World War and especially during the 1960s, when many artists tried to work with the potential of destruction in art. In the final part devoted to leaving the artistic milieu, the possibility of simultaneously being and not being part of the world of art and the (im)possible future of art in times of climate crisis is explored with the help of the example of Slovak post-practice artist Radim Labuda. Key words: negation in art, destruction art, anti-art, dematerialisation, 20th century art, contemporary art, political art,...

(English): In the face of the scandal arising from the persistence of numerous systems of oppression in our time, which ravage and enslave both human beings and other species, often in a cumulative manner: capitalist, patriarchal, racist-colonial, rationalist-ableist and anthropocentrist-productivist systems, the so-called "post-modern" theories fail as well to provide emancipatory analyses and ways out of these systems of domination as do the "traditional Marxist" and classical anarchist theories, because all these theories lack a radical critique of the basic categories of capitalism-patriarchy that only the "value-dissociation critique" offers (at least as far as we are aware of). Since the mid-1980s and with a feminist turn in 1992, first in Germany and then also in Brazil and many other countries, the philosophical current of the "critique of value-dissociation" has been working to rethink a critical theory of patriarchal capitalism based on a radical overcoming of the whole "traditional Marxism". This is done by demonstrating the urgent need to deploy a critique of the basic categories of capitalism, namely work, value, money, commodities, fetishism, patriarchy, and the state; of these categories themselves, and not simply of their phenomenal forms. But how can a critical theory of such power...

En regard de la convention d’originalité propre à l’art contemporain, l’extraordinaire imprécision des critères visant à déterminer la qualité et la légitimité des œuvres d’art et du statut de l’artiste qui les crée nécessite l’intervention d’intermédiaires dont le mandat est de découvrir et de promouvoir de nouveaux talents. Dans ce contexte, les artistes en quête de reconnaissance doivent se plier aux règles et aux conventions établies au préalable par ces intermédiaires puisque leur légitimité dépend de leur validation commune. Cependant, avec l’arrivée d’Instagram et l’investissement massif des artistes visuels qui utilisent la plateforme pour promouvoir leurs œuvres et leurs expositions, un certain discours émerge des mondes de l’art et prétend que, de plus en plus, les artistes s’autonomisent des déterminants de la légitimité et parviennent à contourner les réseaux traditionnels de légitimation des œuvres d’art, et ce, en vendant directement aux publics. La présente recherche a toutefois montré que la réalité est en fait beaucoup plus complexe que cela. L’objectif de ce mémoire consiste donc à mettre à l’épreuve cette hypothèse largement promue dans les mondes de l’art et de mesurer l’impact réel de l’utilisation d’Instagram sur les dynamiques de pouvoir et les rapports à la légitimité. Pour ce faire, 12 artistes visuels qui utilisent Instagram régulièrement dans le cadre de leur pratique artistique ont été interrogés. Dans un premier temps, l’utilisation de l’application par les artistes visuels a été décrite et documentée dans le but d’offrir un premier aperçu de cette nouvelle pratique. Ensuite, l’analyse et la mise en tension de certains processus a permis de dévoiler la complexité des dynamiques qui y sont véritablement à l’œuvre. Les résultats de la recherche montrent que l’utilisation d’Instagram contribue à inscrire les artistes dans des logiques capitalistes néolibérales et dans un esprit de marchandisation du soi du fait d’une nouvelle injonction à la vente de soi et de l’accentuation des concurrences interindividuelles. Cependant, les résultats attestent aussi d’un fort attachement envers des idéaux anticonformistes et anticapitalistes qui restreignent en retour l’investissement des artistes sur la plateforme. La recherche permet donc de documenter et d’analyser les nuances qu’entraînent la rencontre de ces idéologies opposées sur la plateforme. Ce mémoire constitue une première analyse critique de l’utilisation d’Instagram par les artistes visuels contemporains. / Within the convention of originality specific to contemporary art, the criteria used to determine the quality and legitimacy of works of art and the status of the artist are extremely vague. This is why it requires the intervention of intermediaries whose purpose is to discover and promote new talents. In this context, artists who seek recognition must comply with the rules and conventions established beforehand by these intermediaries as their legitimacy depends on their common validation. However, with the arrival of Instagram and the massive increase of visual artists using the platform to promote their works and exhibitions, a discourse is emerging from the art worlds which claims that, more and more, artists are becoming less dependant on the determinants of legitimacy as they are able to bypass the traditional networks of art intermediaries. However, this research has rather shown that the reality is much more complex. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to challenge this hypothesis largely circulating in the art worlds and to observe whether the dynamics of power and legitimacy are actually changing. To do so, 12 visual artists who frequently use Instagram as part of their artistic practice were interviewed. First, the thesis describes the use of the application by visual artists in order to offer a first glimpse at this new practice. Then, the analysis and questioning of some processes reveal the complexity of the dynamics that are really at work. The results of this research show that the use of Instagram constraint artists to deal with neoliberal capitalist ideologies. It also contributes to subscribe them into a state of commodification of the self due to the new injunction of self promotion and increased competition between visual artists on the platform. However, the results also attest of a strong attachment to anti-conformist and anti-capitalist ideals which curbs the way artists use the platform. Therefore, the thesis paints a more nuanced portrait resulting from the meeting of the two opposite ideologies on the platform. This thesis constitutes a first critical analysis of the use of Instagram by contemporary visual artists.