Ce travail est consacré au développement de la stratégie TDAE dans le cadre de la synthèse de nouveaux composés à visée thérapeutique. Dans une première partie, la pharmacomodulation d’un composé potentiellement ligand sélectif du récepteur 5-HT7 nous a conduit à développer une méthodologie d’addition et d’estérification séquentielle « one-pot » initiée par le TDAE. Par la suite, nous avons étendu la réactivité initiée par le TDAE aux réactions de substitution nucléophile de type 2 sur des électrophiles -halogénoesters et -halogénoamides en série nitrobenzylique. Cette méthodologie nous a permis de synthétiser différents 3-(2-nitrophényl)propanamides qui ont manifesté, pour certains, une activité analgésique significative chez la souris. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la synthèse de divers 3-phénylpropanamides et à l’évaluation de leur propriété analgésique. L’un des ces composés s’est révélé puissant mais modérément efficace par rapport à l’aspirine, que ce soit par voie injectable ou par voie orale. La troisième partie traite de la réactivité initiée par le TDAE sur le noyau 4-chloroquinazoline. Outre la mise en évidence de réactivités particulières liées aux caractères basique et nucléophile du TDAE, cette étude a montré la possibilité de réaliser des réactions de substitution nucléophile aromatique. La synthèse de diverses 4-benzyl-2-trichlorométhylquinazolines par cette méthodologie, s’inscrit dans une étude de pharmacomodulation de nouveaux agents antiplasmodiaux. / This work is focused on the development of the TDAE strategy aiming at the preparation of new bioactive compounds. In a first part, the pharmacomodulation study of a potential 5-HT7 receptor ligand led us to develop a “one-pot” methodology of addition and sequential esterification initiated by the TDAE. Later, we extended the reactivity of carbanions generated by TDAE to type 2 nucleophilic substitution (SN2) reactions on various -haloesters and -haloamides in nitrobenzylic series. This methodology allowed us to synthesize different 3-(2-nitrophenyl)propanamides which expressed a significant analgesic activity on mice. The second part is dedicated to the synthesis of various 3-phenylpropanamide and the evaluation of their analgesic potentiality. One of those compounds appeared active but moderately effective with regard to aspirin, both by infusion or oral route. The third part concerns the TDAE-initiated reactivity with the 4-chloroquinazoline scaffold. In addition to the description of two particular reactivities related to its basic and nucleophilic characters, this study showed the possibility to carry out aromatic nucleophilic reactions (SNAr). The synthesis of several 4-benzyl-2-trichloromethylquinazolines using this original methodology was related to a program of new antiplasmodial agents pharmacomodulation.

MSc (Chemistry) / Department of Chemistry / Malaria, an infectious disease affecting both human beings and other animals, is transmitted by parasitic protozoans belonging to the Plasmodium genus. Malaria is commonly treated with drugs such as quinine, chloroquine, and artesunate. However, the incidence of treatment failure due to drug-drug interactions and parasite resistance is increasing. Therefore, the rich medicinal potential of plants found in nature in Africa is increasingly being explored. The traditional use of Lippia javanica, Sclerocarya birrea, Melia azedarach and Capparis tomentosa for the treatment of malaria is well-known, but the phytochemistry of these four plants is not fully known. Parts of these plants were extracted and column chromatography was used to fractionate the extracts. The antioxidant activities of the fractions were determined using free radical scavenging and reducing power assays, while the cytotoxic, antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities were determined using cell toxicity assay, parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) and trypanosome assay. The methanol stem bark extract of Melia azedarach (Fraction 2) had the highest phenolic content (59.39 mg GAE/g), while the methanol leaf extract of Melia azedarach had the highest flavonoid content of 188.65 mg QE/g. In the reducing power tests and DPPH free radical scavenging activity, the methanol stem bark extract of Melia azedarach had the lowest IC50 value of 0.1074 μg/mL and an IC0.5 value of 0.5296 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the methanol stem bark extract of Melia azedarach at a concentration of 50 μg/mL showed significant cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (-1.22±0.07 %). The methanol stem bark extract of Melia azedarach at the tested concentration (250 μg/mL) decreased the viability of Plasmodium falciparum to 36.38±11.96 % with an IC50 value of 6.5 μg/mL. Concerning the antitrypanosomal activity, the methanol stem bark extract of Melia azedarach affected the viability of the trypanosomes at the tested concentration (250 μg/mL), giving a viability of 14.05 ± 0.59 %, with an IC50 value of 0.4 μg/mL. The presence of epicatechin (29) and catechin (31) in this extract was confirmed using several spectroscopic techniques (IR, NMR, UPLC-MS and HRMS). / NRF