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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Modulation of the PD-1 pathway by inhibitory antibody superagonists

Akkaya, Billur January 2012 (has links)
In metozoans, most of the key events that lead to cell activation and inhibition are controlled by tyrosine phosphorylation. Extracellular signals are transmitted by membrane bound receptors, which have intrinsic kinase activity or themselves recruit intracellular kinases to specialised inhibitory or activating phosphorylation motifs. In this way, the pattern of kinase activation creates its own turnover and can rapidly generate amplified signals by positive feedback, or recruit inhibitory proteins to counteract the signals. This process of inhibition is also constitutive since it requires continuous counter-inhibition by phosphatases at the cell surface and intracellularly even in the absence of ligands. The absence of phosphatase activity results in unbridled protein phosphorylation and form this and other data it has been proposed that the triggering of the T cell receptor and other co-receptors may result simply by physical exclusion of the large phosphatases such as CD45 from the vicinity of the receptors. Superagonist monoclonal antibodies may work in a similar way, by binding receptors close to the plasma membrane and excluding extracellular phosphatases. The work described in this thesis seeks to discover if antibody superagonists can be generated against the T cell inhibitory cell surface receptor PD-1 and test if this approach can attenuate the immune response. Using in vitro assays of lymphocyte activation and a mouse model expressing human PD-1, this study characterises a series of anti-PD-1 antibodies and shows how patterns of inhibitory activity varying according to binding sites. The inhibitory effects of the anti-PD1 antibodies are seen in the humoral, cellular and transplant immune responses. Agonistic anti-PD1 antibodies induce regulatory T cells and may have role in suppression of autoimmune disease. The thesis suggests that superagonism may be harnessed clinically to dampen the immune response, through activation of inhibitory receptors.
2

Anticorpos anti-proteína p ribossômica: um potencial marcador sorológico para glomerulonefrite lúpica membranosa / Antibodies to ribosomal P proteins: a potential serological marker for lupus menbranous glomerulonphritis

Nascimento, Ana Patricia do 09 February 2007 (has links)
O anticorpo anti-proteína P ribossomal é um marcador sorológico do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Nós avaliamos a relevância do mesmo em discriminar os padrões histopatológicos de nefrite lúpica. O anti-P foi detectado em 18/81(22%) dos pacientes com envolvimento renal confirmado por biópsia. Foi observada uma freqüência aumentada deste anticorpo em pacientes com classe V (72%) comparado com outras classes de nefrite (28%), p=0.005. Dentro do esperado, pacientes anti-P positivos tiveram um nível médio de proteinúria mais elevado que pacientes anti-P negativos (6,4 + 4,8 vs. 4,7 + 3,9 g/dl, p= 0,046). É ainda interessante que a maioria dos pacientes com anti-P isolado tinha classe V, e 71%apresentaram o padrão membranoso puro. O anti-P parece ser um novo marcador sorológico para a nefrite lúpica membranosa. / Anti-ribosomal P antibody is a serological marker for systemic lupus erythematosus. We have evaluated its relevance in discriminating histopathologic patterns of lupus nephritis. Anti-P was detected in 18/81 (22%) patients with biopsy proven renal involvement. A higher frequency of this antibody was observed in patients with class V (72%) compared to other classes of renal disease (28%), p=0.005. Accordingly, anti-P positive patients had higher mean proteinuria level than anti-P antibody negative patients (6.4 + 4.8 vs. 4.7 + 3.9 g/dl, p= 0.046). Interestingly, the majority of patients with isolated anti-P had class V, and 71% displayed a pure membranous pattern. Anti-P seems to be a novel serological marker for membranous lupus nephritis.
3

Análise in vitro da capacidade de cobertura da vacina em desenvolvimento contra  Streptococcus pyogenes / \"in vitro\" analysis of the coverage capacity of the vaccine under development against most frequent strains of Streptococcus pyogenes

De Amicis, Karine Marafigo 08 May 2013 (has links)
O Streptococcus pyogenes (Grupo A de Lancefield) é uma bactéria Gram positiva e beta-hemolítica, responsável por infecções, tais como Faringite, Sepse, Fasciíte Necrotizante e Síndrome do Choque Tóxico Estreptocócico. Indivíduos suscetíveis podem desenvolver sequela não supurativa auto-imune pós-estreptocócica, como a Febre Reumática, Doença Reumática Cardíaca e a Glomerulonefrite Aguda. A proteína M é o principal antígeno bacteriano. Consiste em aproximadamente 450 resíduos de aminoácidos dispostos em quatro regiões (A, B, C e D), contendo alguns blocos de repetições. As regiões C e D são conservadas e a N-terminal (regiões A e B) é polimórfica. Atualmente, existem mais de 250 genótipos de emm conhecidos em todo o mundo, de acordo com o Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Há vários anos, o desenvolvimento de uma vacina contra S. pyogenes (StreptInCor - identificação médica) foi iniciado, com base na região conservada da proteína M, com o objetivo de proteger o indivíduo vacinado contra infecções estreptocócicas, sem causar reações autoimunes. No presente estudo foi analisada a capacidade \"in vitro\" de anticorpos anti-StreptInCor neutralizarem/opsonizarem as cepas de S. pyogenes mais freqüentes em São Paulo, através da análise do reconhecimento das cepas por soros de camundongos imunizados com StreptInCor. Também foi avaliada por Western blotting a presença de anticorpos de reação cruzada dirigidos ao tecido cardíaco valvular humano. Anticorpos anti-StreptInCor foram capazes de neutralizar/opsonizar, pelo menos, cinco diferentes cepas mostrando que a imunização com StreptInCor pode ser eficaz contra várias cepas de S. pyogenes, assim como prevenir a infecção e sequelas subsequentes, sem causar reações auto-imunes. / Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) is a Gram positive and beta-hemolytic bacteria, responsible for infections such as Pharyngitis, Sepsis, Necrotizing Fasciitis and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome. Susceptible individuals may develop post-streptococcal non-suppurative autoimmune sequelae such as Rheumatic Fever, Rheumatic Heart Disease and Acute Glomerulonephritis. The M protein is the major bacterial antigen. It consists of approximately 450 amino acid residues arranged in four regions (A, B, C and D), containing some repeated blocks. C and D regions are conserved and the N-terminus (regions A and B) is polymorphic. Currently there are over 250 known emm genotypes worldwide, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Several years ago the development of a vaccine against S. pyogenes (StreptInCor - medical identification) was initiated, based on the M protein conserved region, aiming to protect against streptococcal infections without causing autoimmune reactions. In the present study we analyzed the \"in vitro\" ability of anti-StreptInCor antibodies to neutralize/opsonize the most frequent S. pyogenes strains in Sao Paulo by examining the strains recognition by sera from StreptInCor immunized mice. We also evaluated the presence of cross reactive antibodies directed to the human heart valve tissue by Western blotting. Anti-StreptInCor antibodies were able to neutralize/opsonize at least 5 strains, showing that the immunization with StreptInCor can be effective against several S. pyogenes strains as well as preventing infection and subsequent sequelae, without causing autoimmune reactions.
4

Anticorpos anti-proteína p ribossômica: um potencial marcador sorológico para glomerulonefrite lúpica membranosa / Antibodies to ribosomal P proteins: a potential serological marker for lupus menbranous glomerulonphritis

Ana Patricia do Nascimento 09 February 2007 (has links)
O anticorpo anti-proteína P ribossomal é um marcador sorológico do lúpus eritematoso sistêmico. Nós avaliamos a relevância do mesmo em discriminar os padrões histopatológicos de nefrite lúpica. O anti-P foi detectado em 18/81(22%) dos pacientes com envolvimento renal confirmado por biópsia. Foi observada uma freqüência aumentada deste anticorpo em pacientes com classe V (72%) comparado com outras classes de nefrite (28%), p=0.005. Dentro do esperado, pacientes anti-P positivos tiveram um nível médio de proteinúria mais elevado que pacientes anti-P negativos (6,4 + 4,8 vs. 4,7 + 3,9 g/dl, p= 0,046). É ainda interessante que a maioria dos pacientes com anti-P isolado tinha classe V, e 71%apresentaram o padrão membranoso puro. O anti-P parece ser um novo marcador sorológico para a nefrite lúpica membranosa. / Anti-ribosomal P antibody is a serological marker for systemic lupus erythematosus. We have evaluated its relevance in discriminating histopathologic patterns of lupus nephritis. Anti-P was detected in 18/81 (22%) patients with biopsy proven renal involvement. A higher frequency of this antibody was observed in patients with class V (72%) compared to other classes of renal disease (28%), p=0.005. Accordingly, anti-P positive patients had higher mean proteinuria level than anti-P antibody negative patients (6.4 + 4.8 vs. 4.7 + 3.9 g/dl, p= 0.046). Interestingly, the majority of patients with isolated anti-P had class V, and 71% displayed a pure membranous pattern. Anti-P seems to be a novel serological marker for membranous lupus nephritis.
5

Análise in vitro da capacidade de cobertura da vacina em desenvolvimento contra  Streptococcus pyogenes / \"in vitro\" analysis of the coverage capacity of the vaccine under development against most frequent strains of Streptococcus pyogenes

Karine Marafigo De Amicis 08 May 2013 (has links)
O Streptococcus pyogenes (Grupo A de Lancefield) é uma bactéria Gram positiva e beta-hemolítica, responsável por infecções, tais como Faringite, Sepse, Fasciíte Necrotizante e Síndrome do Choque Tóxico Estreptocócico. Indivíduos suscetíveis podem desenvolver sequela não supurativa auto-imune pós-estreptocócica, como a Febre Reumática, Doença Reumática Cardíaca e a Glomerulonefrite Aguda. A proteína M é o principal antígeno bacteriano. Consiste em aproximadamente 450 resíduos de aminoácidos dispostos em quatro regiões (A, B, C e D), contendo alguns blocos de repetições. As regiões C e D são conservadas e a N-terminal (regiões A e B) é polimórfica. Atualmente, existem mais de 250 genótipos de emm conhecidos em todo o mundo, de acordo com o Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Há vários anos, o desenvolvimento de uma vacina contra S. pyogenes (StreptInCor - identificação médica) foi iniciado, com base na região conservada da proteína M, com o objetivo de proteger o indivíduo vacinado contra infecções estreptocócicas, sem causar reações autoimunes. No presente estudo foi analisada a capacidade \"in vitro\" de anticorpos anti-StreptInCor neutralizarem/opsonizarem as cepas de S. pyogenes mais freqüentes em São Paulo, através da análise do reconhecimento das cepas por soros de camundongos imunizados com StreptInCor. Também foi avaliada por Western blotting a presença de anticorpos de reação cruzada dirigidos ao tecido cardíaco valvular humano. Anticorpos anti-StreptInCor foram capazes de neutralizar/opsonizar, pelo menos, cinco diferentes cepas mostrando que a imunização com StreptInCor pode ser eficaz contra várias cepas de S. pyogenes, assim como prevenir a infecção e sequelas subsequentes, sem causar reações auto-imunes. / Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) is a Gram positive and beta-hemolytic bacteria, responsible for infections such as Pharyngitis, Sepsis, Necrotizing Fasciitis and Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome. Susceptible individuals may develop post-streptococcal non-suppurative autoimmune sequelae such as Rheumatic Fever, Rheumatic Heart Disease and Acute Glomerulonephritis. The M protein is the major bacterial antigen. It consists of approximately 450 amino acid residues arranged in four regions (A, B, C and D), containing some repeated blocks. C and D regions are conserved and the N-terminus (regions A and B) is polymorphic. Currently there are over 250 known emm genotypes worldwide, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Several years ago the development of a vaccine against S. pyogenes (StreptInCor - medical identification) was initiated, based on the M protein conserved region, aiming to protect against streptococcal infections without causing autoimmune reactions. In the present study we analyzed the \"in vitro\" ability of anti-StreptInCor antibodies to neutralize/opsonize the most frequent S. pyogenes strains in Sao Paulo by examining the strains recognition by sera from StreptInCor immunized mice. We also evaluated the presence of cross reactive antibodies directed to the human heart valve tissue by Western blotting. Anti-StreptInCor antibodies were able to neutralize/opsonize at least 5 strains, showing that the immunization with StreptInCor can be effective against several S. pyogenes strains as well as preventing infection and subsequent sequelae, without causing autoimmune reactions.

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