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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo químico e biológico de Duroia macrophylla huber (rubiaceae).

Martins, Daiane 25 February 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Alisson Mota (alisson.davidbeckam@gmail.com) on 2015-07-09T20:23:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Daiane Martins.pdf: 4237333 bytes, checksum: e9cd7f69803566a70db4c62a6e1bb668 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-09T20:34:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Daiane Martins.pdf: 4237333 bytes, checksum: e9cd7f69803566a70db4c62a6e1bb668 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-09T20:38:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Daiane Martins.pdf: 4237333 bytes, checksum: e9cd7f69803566a70db4c62a6e1bb668 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-09T20:38:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Daiane Martins.pdf: 4237333 bytes, checksum: e9cd7f69803566a70db4c62a6e1bb668 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-25 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The species of Rubiaceae revealed great diversity of secondary metabolites, which are responsible for a range of biological activities. Among these species is Duroia macrophylla Huber, endemic to the Amazon Rainforest, popularly known as “cabeça-de-urubú, apuruí ou puruí-grande-da-mata”. The absence of studies of plants of the genus Duroia and the absence of chemical studies and biological activity to D. macrophylla, the aim of this work was to isolate the chemical constituents and evaluate the extracts and compounds isolated on activities: antioxidant, toxicity against Artemia salina, antibacterial, antimycobacterial and antitumor. The plant material was collected two times, dried, grounded and extracted with dichloromethane or hexane and methanol. The extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening by comparative thin layer chromatography and to determine specific telltale signs of chemical classes. The extracts were tested as antioxidant, cytotoxic, antibacterial, antimycobacterial and antitumor, to increase the chances of obtaining active molecules and/or prototypes of drugs. The isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods (1H, 13C and two-dimensional NMR) and mass spectrometry and essayed as antimicrobial and antitumor. All extracts showed signs of terpenes and only the dichloromethane extracts of leaves and branches of the 1st collection did not reveal with DPPH. The methanol extracts of both collections showed aromatic compounds. The presence of alkaloids was detected only in extracts from the branches of the 2nd collection. There were isolated and identified four substances of the extracts of the 1st collection: two triterpenes from dichloromethane extract of the leaves (oleanolic acid and ursolic acid), one chalcone from methanol extract of the leaves (4,4'- dihydroxy-3'-chalcone) and a phenolic acid from methanol extract of the branches (mmethoxy- p-hydroxy-benzoic acid). Were identified of the extracts of the 2nd collection, eight monoterpene indole alkaloids: 10-methoxy-ajmalicine, 11-methoxy-ajmalicine, 11-methoxy- 3-isoajmalicine, 9-methoxy-3-isoajmalicine, 9-methoxy-19-epi-3-isoajmalicine, 10-methoxy- 19-epi-3-isoajmalicine, 10-methoxy-3-isorauniticine and 10-methoxy-rauniticine. All compounds isolated in this study were described for the first time in the genus Duroia. The methanol extracts from leaves and branches in both collections showed a good antioxidant activity. In cytotoxic assay against A. salina only the methanol extract of the leaves (2nd collection) presented toxicity at lethal concentration (LC50) of 120 mg/mL. The extracts showed bacteriostatic activity against the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae, Flavobacterium corumnare, Salmonella enteridis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Of the substances tested only oleanolic acid showed antibacterial activity against Nocardia brasiliensis and Serratia marcescens, with a MIC of 500 mg/mL. Extracts subjected to antimycobacterial bioassay, the dichloromethane extract of the leaves (1st collection) showed better results against all strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with an MIC of 6.25 mg/mL for INHr strain, 25 mg/mL for the strain RMPr and ≤ 6.25 mg/ml for H37Rv strain. Only the alkaloids 10-methoxy-3- isorauniticine, the mixture of 9-methoxy-3-isoajmalicine with 9-methoxy-19-epi-3- isoajmalicine, 10-methoxy-3-isorauniticine and 10-methoxy-rauniticine tested against M. tuberculosis (strain INHr) showed better results rather those obtained from crude extracts. The extracts and alkaloids showed low cytotoxic potential on neoplastic cell lines: HCT116 (human colorectal carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast carcinoma), SK -Mel-19 (human melanoma) and on the non-neoplastic line: MRC-5 (human lung fibroblast). Keywords: alkaloids, antioxidant activity, antimycobacterial activity. / As espécies pertencentes à família Rubiaceae revelaram grande diversidade de metabólitos secundários, os quais são responsáveis por uma gama de atividades biológicas. Entre estas espécies encontra-se Duroia macrophylla Huber, endêmica da Floresta Amazônica, conhecida popularmente como cabeça-de-urubú, apuruí ou puruí-grande-da-mata. A escassez de estudos de plantas do gênero Duroia e a ausência de estudos químicos e de atividade biológica para D. macrophylla, instigaram este trabalho, cujo o objetivo foi isolar os constituintes químicos e avaliar os extratos e substâncias isoladas quanto às atividades: antioxidante, toxicidade frente à Artemia salina, antibacteriana, antimicobacteriana e antitumoral. Foram realizadas duas coletas desta espécie, extraída com diclorometano (DCM) ou hexano (Hex) e metanol (MeOH). Os extratos foram testados como antioxidante, citotóxico, antibacteriano, antimicobacteriano e antitumoral, com intuito de ampliar as chances de obter moléculas ativas e/ou protótipos de fármacos. As substâncias isoladas foram identificadas por métodos espectroscópicos (RMN de 1H, de 13C e bidimensionais) e por espectrometria de massas e testadas como antimicobacteriana e antitumoral. Na prospecção fitoquimica todos os extratos apresentaram indícios de terpenos e apenas os extratos DCM de folhas e galhos da 1ª coleta não apresentaram capacidade antioxidante frente ao revelador DPPH. Os extratos MeOH de ambas as coletas apresentam compostos aromáticos. A presença de alcaloides foi detectada apenas nos extratos dos galhos da 2ª coleta. Foram isoladas e identificadas quatro substâncias dos extratos da 1ª coleta: dois triterpenos do extrato DCM das folhas (ácido oleanólico e ácido ursólico), uma chalcona do extrato MeOH das folhas (4,4’dihidroxi-3’-chalcona) e um ácido fenólico do extrato MeOH dos galhos (ácido m-metoxi-p-hidroxi-benzoico). Dos extratos da 2ª coleta foram identificados oito alcaloides indólicos monoterpênicos: 10-metoxi-ajmalicina, 11-metoxi-ajmalicina, 11-metoxi-3-isoajmalicina, 9-metoxi-19-epi-3-isoajmalicina, 9-metoxi- 3-isoajmalicina, 10-metoxi-19-epi-3-isoajmalicina, 10-metoxi-3-isorauniticina e 10-metoxirauniticina. Todas as substâncias isoladas neste estudo estão sendo descritas pela primeira vez no gênero Duroia. A atividade antioxidante dos extratos MeOH de folhas e galhos de ambas as coletas foi bastante significativa. No ensaio citotóxico frente A. salina apenas o extrato metanólico das folhas da 2ª coleta apresentou toxidade na concentração letal (CL50) de 120 μg/mL. Os extratos apresentaram atividade bacteriostática sobre as bactérias Klebsiella pneumoniae, Flavobacterium corumnare, Salmonella enteridis e Pseudomonas aeroginosa. Das substâncias testadas apenas o ácido oleanólico apresentou atividade antibacteriana frente à Nocardia brasiliensis e Serratia marcescens, com uma CIM de 500 μg/mL. Dos extratos submetidos ao bioensaio antimicobacteriano, o extrato DCM das folhas (1ª coleta) apresentou melhor resultado frente às três cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis, com uma CMI de 6,25 μg/mL para a cepa INHr, de 25 μg/mL para a cepa RMPr e ≤ 6,25 μg/mL para a cepa H37Rv. Os alcaloides 10-metoxi-ajmalicina, a mistura de 9-metoxi-3-isoajmalicina com 9-metoxi-19- epi-3-isoajmalicina, 10-metoxi-3-isorauniticina e 10-metoxi-19-epi-3-isoajmalicina foram ativos frente ao M. tuberculosis (cepa INHr). Os extratos e alcaloides apresentaram baixo potencial citotóxico sobre as linhagens de células neoplásicas: HCT116 (carcinoma colorretal humano), MCF-7 (carcinoma de mama), SK-Mel-19 (melanoma humano) e sobre a linhagem não neoplásica: MRC-5 (fibroblasto de pulmão humano).

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