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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Produção e caracterização de amidos e farinhas de Tubérculos Andinos: mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum) e olluco (Ullucus tuberosus) / Production and characterization of starch and flour from Andean Tubers: mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum) and olluco (Ullucus tuberosus).

Camarena, Denisse Esther Mallaupoma 13 May 2016 (has links)
Este trabalho teve como objetivo a produção e caracterização de farinhas e amidos de mashua (M) e olluco (O) originários da cidade de Tarma (Peru). As farinhas foram produzidas por moagem seca e passagem em peneiras de 45, 120 e 400 mesh Tyler. Os amidos foram isolados a partir dos tubérculos por moagem úmida. As farinhas e os amidos foram caracterizados em função da distribuição do tamanho de partículas (por difração a laser com espalhamento estático de luz), composição centesimal, morfologia (por microscopia eletrônica de varredura - MEV), cristalinidade, propriedades térmicas (por termogravimetria - TG e calorimetria diferencial de varredura - DSC), e espectroscopia de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR). As farinhas de mashua e olluco também foram caracterizadas em função da cor, atividade antioxidante, teor de fenólicos totais, antocianinas, betaxantinas, betacianinas e carotenoides totais. As frações de farinhas de mashua e olluco apresentaram tamanhos médios de partícula na faixa de 37,9 a 273,6 ?m, e 31,7 a 274,4 ?m, respectivamente. A fibra e o amido foram os principais componentes das farinhas de mashua e olluco, sendo que a fibra encontra-se em maior concentração na fração mais grossa e o amido, na fração mais fina, independente da espécie de tubérculo. Os amidos dos tubérculos apresentaram padrão de cristalinidade tipo B, avaliados por difração de raios-x (DRX). Na mashua, os formatos dos grânulos foram ovais e esféricos com distribuição polimodal de tamanho de partículas com diâmetros médios das populações entre 1,7 e 31 ?m. Os grânulos de amido de olluco foram maiores (1,9 - 92,3 ?m) com formatos mais assimétricos e irregulares. Com o refino das farinhas, houve um aumento no índice de cristalinidade das frações de farinhas para ambos os tipos de tubérculos sendo quase semelhante aos amidos isolados. O amido de mashua apresentou menor temperatura de pico de gelatinização (60oC) do que o olluco (64,7oC). A cor, atividade antioxidante, teor de compostos fenólicos totais, antocianinas, betaxantinas, betacianinas e carotenoides variaram em função da granulometria das farinhas e/ou do tipo de tubérculo. Conclui-se que o refino das farinhas influenciou no teor de amido, amilose, fibras, cristalinidade, xix estabilidade térmica, cor e teor de compostos antioxidantes. Devido ao seu alto teor de amido e compostos bioativos estas farinhas podem ser usadas como aditivos na indústria de alimentos e farmacêutica, ou para produção de filmes com possíveis propriedades bioativas. / This study aimed to produce and characterize flours and starches from mashua (M) and olluco (O) originating in the city of Tarma (Peru). The flours were produced by dry milling and sieved through 45, 120, and 400 Tyler mesh sieves. Starches were isolated from the tubers by wet grinding. The flours and starches were characterized in terms of particle size distribution (by diffraction laser scattering), chemical composition, morphology (by Scanning Electron Microscopy), crystallinity, thermal properties (by Thermogravimetric Analysis - TG and Differential Scanning Calorimetry - DSC), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Mashua and olluco flours were also studied for their color, antioxidant activity, and total phenolics, anthocyanin, betaxanthin, betacyanin, and carotenoid contents. The particle sizes ranged from 37,9 to 273,6 ?m and from 31,7 to 274,4 ?m for the mashua and olluco flour fractions, respectively. Total fibers and starch were the main components of the tuber flours. Fibers and starch were the major components in the thicker and thinner fractions, respectively, regardless of the tuber crop. Mashua starch granules exhibited oval and spherical shape, and particle sizes with polymodal distribution and average diameter between 1,7 to 31 ?m. Olluco starch granules were larger (1,9-92,3 ?m) and more asymmetric and irregular than mashua starch granules. Tuber starches showed crystallinity type B, evaluated by X-ray diffraction. Considering the same tuber species, the flour fraction containing thinner particles and the isolated starch presented similar crystallinity index. Mashua starch had lower gelatinization peak temperature (60 oC) than olluco starch (64.7 oC). Color, antioxidant activity, and total phenolics, anthocyanin, betaxanthin, betacyanin, and carotenoid contents varied according to the flour particle sizes and/or the tuber species. Therefore, refining tuber flours influenced starch, amylose, and fiber contents, crystallinity, thermal stability, color, and antioxidant activity of the resulting flours. Because of their high contents of starch and bioactive compounds, these flours can be used as additives in the food industry and pharmacy, and they can also be employed in the production of bioactive films.
12

Use of antioxidant activity and flavonoid levels to assess the quality of commercially available solid dose Sutherlandia frutescens products

Hess, Meggan Sade January 2010 (has links)
The overall aims of this project were to assess the pharmaceutical quality and consistency of commercially available solid dose Sutherlandia frutescens containing products (viz. tablets & capsules) by exploring the use of monitoring the pharmaceutical presentation, flavonoid profile and antioxidant activity levels and to develop/or adapt methods and specifications that may be used for the quality control of such products.Stability tests were conducted on all of the selected SCP. The products were stored under elevated temperatures and environmental humidity conditions and total phenol, antioxidant and chromatographic analysis was conducted on these samples. Samples of each of the SCP were hydrolyzed using HCL and then analyzed using HPLC to test the stability of the flavonoids present in each product. The SCP investigated in this study physically appeared to be of quite good “pharmaceutical” quality, but generally lacked information on the date of manufacture and lacked package inserts, or when these were present they contained insufficient information.Based on the results obtained, it is recommended that, the manufacturers of SCP pay more attention to the information provided on the package inserts and the storage conditions for their products. Further the levels of antioxidant activity, total phenols and flavonoid (sutherlandins A to D) be used as specifications to control the quality of commercially available solid dose Sutherlandia frutescens containing preparations on an individual basis.
13

Antioxidant activity of cyclolinopeptides

2013 June 1900 (has links)
Cyclolinopeptides (CLs) are hydrophobic cyclic peptides found in flaxseed. They show immunosuppressive activity, but the biological function of these compounds is largely unknown. This thesis presents the results of studies that were conducted to determine whether CLs could act as antioxidants. In the first study, flaxseed oil was passed over a silica adsorbent column to remove polar compounds. The polar compounds were then eluted from the silica absorbant using a series of increasingly polar solvents. Individual polar fractions were then added back to the silica-treated flaxseed oil and the oxidative stability index of these samples was determined at 100 °C. A polar fraction containing mainly CLA, β/γ- and δ-tocopherol increased the induction time of silica-treated flaxseed oil from 2.3 ± 0.28 h to 3.2 ± 0.41 h. A positive effect of the polar fraction containing a mixture of CLA and CLD-CLG on the oxidative stability of oil was also observed. The antioxidant mechanism of CLs was investigated in several model systems using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The concentration of radicals in a DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide) radical-CLs reaction mixture was monitored. All CLs exhibited dose dependent scavenging activities. CLA–CLC reactions with DMPO-OH at a concentration of 5 mM resulted in a 24–30% decrease in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal intensity. The reaction of CLs and the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) revealed a more complex interaction than simple radical scavenging. Peptides (CLG and CLG") that contained both tryptophan and methionine showed stronger radical scavenging activity than did CLs containing methionine or methionine sulfoxide but not tryptophan (CLB and CLC). Irradiation of the reaction mixture of DPPH• and peptide with UV light also affected the radical scavenging behaviour. Scavenging activities of DPPH• by CLB, CLC and CLA were enhanced by light, whereas scavenging of DPPH• by the tryptophan containing peptides CLG and CLG″ was not affected. High-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis of the reaction mixtures after a radical scavenging reaction was used to determine the impact of radical scavenging on the peptides. These reactions revealed new masses that were identified and characterized. It was established that DPPH• reacted with the methionine of CLB and with tryptophan in CLG and CLG, by formation of a new covalently-bonded species. Covalent linkages between these amino acids (alone or in peptides) and DPPH• have not been reported previously.
14

Citrus limonoids and flavonoids: extraction, antioxidant activity and effects on hamster plasma cholesterol distribution

Yu, Jun 01 November 2005 (has links)
Four in vitro models were used to measure the antioxidant activity of 11 citrus phytochemicals. The citrus limonoids and bergapten showed very weak antioxidant activity. The flavonoids demonstrated mild, to moderate, to strong antioxidant activity. In addition to some other commonly accepted structural features our data indicated that the hydroxyl group in position 6 of ring A could also increase the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. Compared with the active flavonoids, limonoids are highly oxygenated triterpenoids, with fewer hydroxyl groups to stabilize unpaired electrons (or scavenge free radicals). Bergapten lacks a hydroxyl group. This is the first report on the antioxidant activity of limonoids and neoeriocitrin. A feeding study using Syrian hamsters was followed to determine the effect of citrus limonoids and flavonoids on plasma cholesterol. Hamsters fed with limonin, limonin 17-Beta-D-glucopyranoside and grapefruit pulp significantly inhibited the increase of LDL/HDL-cholesterol (36.6%, 52.9% and 57% respectively) compared with the basal control (65.8%) and the pectin control (70%). Furthermore, hamsters fed with limonin had significantly larger LDL particle size (21.21 nm) compared with the control group (19.96 nm). Further studies demonstrated that LDLs from hamsters fed with limonin and limonin 17-Beta-D-glucopyranoside were less susceptible to oxidation. These data suggest that limonin, limonin 17-Beta-D-glucopyranoside and grapefruit pulp have potential inhibitory effects against atherogenesis. Supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) was attempted to extract limonoids from grapefruit seeds and molasses. Limonin aglycone was successfully extracted with SC-CO2 directly from grapefruit seeds with the yield of 6.3 mg/g seeds at 48.3 MPa, 50˚C and 60 min with CO2 top feeding; and the limonin glucoside was extracted using SC-CO2 and ethanol as co-solvent from the defatted seeds with the yield of 0.73 mg/g seeds at 42 MPa, 52˚C, 45% ethanol (XEth=0.45) and 40 min with CO2 top feeding; and limonin glucoside also was extracted using SC-CO2 and ethanol with the yield of 0.61mg/g grapefruit molasses at 48.3 MPa, 50˚C and 10% ethanol (XEth=0.1), 40 min with CO2 top feeding. CO2 flow rate was around~5 l/min in experiments. The results demonstrated SC-CO2 extraction of limonoids from citrus juice industry byproducts has practical significance for future commercial production.
15

Factors Affecting Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Ontario Vegetable Crops

Hu, Chanli 04 1900 (has links)
The total phenolic content (TPC) of common vegetables grown in Ontario was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and it was found that the broccoli inflorescence had an exceptionally high TPC on average value, followed by cabbage, onion, potato and carrot. The TPC values of darkpurple potatoes and carrots were higher than the common potatoes and carrots. Positive correlations between the TPC and TAA were observed with varied degrees in all vegetables. Choice of cultivar and production practices can be used to increase TPC and TAA in a wide range of vegetables. Insecticide application did not influence the TPC and TAA of broccoli leaves and flowers. Higher N rate decreased the TPC and TAA of cabbage cultivar ‘Huron’ and of carrot. Fungicide and biofungicide applications did not influence TAA in carrots. Fertilizer applications did not influence the TAA of onions, but there was a decrease in TPC. The rate of MAP (mono ammonium phosphate 52% P2O5) affected the TAA of onions, but the influence was inconsistent between two antioxidant assays. High temperature with possibly high rainfall capacity occurred in the year increased the TPC and TAA of most studied vegetable crops. / Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs/University of Guelph Sustainable Production Systems Program
16

Use of antioxidant activity and flavonoid levels to assess the quality of commercially available solid dose Sutherlandia frutescens products

Hess, Meggan Sade January 2010 (has links)
The overall aims of this project were to assess the pharmaceutical quality and consistency of commercially available solid dose Sutherlandia frutescens containing products (viz. tablets & capsules) by exploring the use of monitoring the pharmaceutical presentation, flavonoid profile and antioxidant activity levels and to develop/or adapt methods and specifications that may be used for the quality control of such products.Stability tests were conducted on all of the selected SCP. The products were stored under elevated temperatures and environmental humidity conditions and total phenol, antioxidant and chromatographic analysis was conducted on these samples. Samples of each of the SCP were hydrolyzed using HCL and then analyzed using HPLC to test the stability of the flavonoids present in each product. The SCP investigated in this study physically appeared to be of quite good “pharmaceutical” quality, but generally lacked information on the date of manufacture and lacked package inserts, or when these were present they contained insufficient information.Based on the results obtained, it is recommended that, the manufacturers of SCP pay more attention to the information provided on the package inserts and the storage conditions for their products. Further the levels of antioxidant activity, total phenols and flavonoid (sutherlandins A to D) be used as specifications to control the quality of commercially available solid dose Sutherlandia frutescens containing preparations on an individual basis.
17

Vienapiesčių gudobelių (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) lapų ir vaisių antioksidantinio aktyvumo ir bioaktyvių junginių tyrimas / The Analysis of Leaves and Fruits Antioxidant Activity and Bioactive Compounds of Single Seed Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.)

Brazinskaitė, Simona 18 June 2014 (has links)
Tyrimo tikslas: įvertinti bioaktyvių junginių kiekybinės sudėties bei antioksidantinio aktyvumo įvairavimą vienapiestės gudobelės žaliavų mėginiuose, rinktuose skirtinguose Lietuvos vietovėse. Tyrimo uždaviniai: Įvertinti suminio flavonoidų kiekio ir suminio fenolinių junginių kiekio įvairavimą vienapiestės gudobelės vaisių ir lapų mėginiuose, rinktuose skirtingose Lietuvos vietovėse; įvertinti chlorogeno rūgšties ir flavonoidų (epikatechino, hiperozido, izokvercitrino, viteksino-2“-O-ramnozido, rutino) kiekinį pasiskirstymą C.monogyna žaliavose efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos metodu; ištirti gudobelių vaisių ir lapų žaliavų antioksidantinį aktyvumą ir įvertinti jo įvairavimą naudojant DPPH ir ABTS metodus; pritaikyti klasterinę analizę vienapiesčių gudobelių vaisių ir lapų mėginių grupavimui, iškiriant reikšmingai besiskiriančias antioksidantiniu aktyvumu grupes. Tyrimo metodai: Flavonoidų kiekiui įvertinti naudoti spektrofotometriniai ir efektyviosios skysčių chromatografijos metodai, suminis fenolinių junginių kiekis įvertintas spekrofotometriškai. Antioksidantinis aktyvumas nustatytas spektrofotometriniu metodu, naudojant DPPH ir ABTS testus. Tyrimo objektas: Lietuvos skirtinguose regionuose rinktos Crataegus monogyna Jacq. vaisių ir lapų žaliavos. Tyrimo rezultatai: Flavonoidų kiekis lapų žaliavose įvairavo nuo 0,47 iki 2,34 proc., vaisių žaliavoje nuo 0,12 iki 0,91proc.. Suminis fenolinių junginių kiekis lapų mėginiuose nuo 5,68 iki 11,80 proc., vaisių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the research: to evaluate the variety of quantitative composition of bioactive combination and antioxidant activity in the samples of C. monogyna selected in different parts of Lithuania. The objectives of the research: to evaluate the variety of total amount of flavonoids and total amount of phenolic combinations in the samples of C. monogyna leaves and fruit; to evaluate the quantitative distribution of of chlorogenic acid and flavonoids in C. monogyna raw materials by the method of effective chromatography of liquid; to analyse the antioxidant activity of hawthorn leaves and fruit and evaluate the variety of it using DPPH and ABTS methods; to apply cluster analysis of sample grouping of monopistil howthorn leaves and fruit marking out groups having definetely different level of antioxidant activity. The methods of the research: the methods of spectrophotometry and efective liquid chromatography were used to evaluate the amount of flavonoids and the total amount of phenolic combinations. The antioxidant activity was established using DPPH and ABTS tests. The object the research: Crataegus monogyna Jacq. raw material of leaves and fruit selected in different parts of Lithuania. The results of the research: the amount of flavonoids in leaves differed from 0,47 to 2,34%; in fruit it difffered from 0,12 to 0,91 %. Total amount of phenolic combinations in the samples of leaves differed from 5,68 to 11,80 percent; in raw material of fruit differed from 1,03 to 2,78%... [to full text]
18

Determinação do potencial antimicrobiano, antioxidante e da motibilidade intestinal de extrato de Paepalanthus geniculatus /

Ocanha, Jaqueline Pessôa Perez. January 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Taís maria Bauab / Banca: Luis Vitor Silva do Sacramento / Banca: Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins / Resumo: A família Eriocaulaceae é amplamente distribuída no Brasil, popularmente são conhecidas como "sempre viva" porque, mesmo após o corte e secagem, conservam a cor e forma por vários anos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o potencial biológico de P. geniculatus, estudando a atividade antimicrobiana, antioxidante e a motilidade intestinal dos extratos diclorometânico, metanólico e hexânico. Para determinação da atividade antimicrobiana foram utilizadas as técnicas de difusão em ágar e microdiluição. Para determinação do potencial antioxidante foram realizados os ensaios espectrofotométricos: radical ABTS●+, DPPH, determinação dos teores de fenóis e flavonóides totais, utilizando como padrões a quercetina e ácido gálico. Na técnica de difusão em ágar, 100\L de suspensão bacteriana a concentração de 108 UFC/mL foram semeadas em ágar Muller Hinton e ágar Sabouraud. Discos de papel foram embebidos com 25\L das amostras vegetais e dispostos na superfície das placas de Petri. Após incubação a 37ºC por 24 horas em aerobiose foram feitas as leituras dos halos de inibição de crescimento ao redor dos discos (mm). No teste de microdiluição os orifícios das microplacas foram preenchidos com 80\L de caldo de Muller Hinton, 100\L de soluções da amostra vegetal diluída seriadamente de 1000 a 7,81\g/mL e 20\L da cultura a concentração de 107 células/mL para as bactérias e 103 células/mL para as leveduras. As microplacas foram incubadas a 37ºC durante 24 horas sob condições de aerobiose e posteriormente determinou se a CBM e CFM. Na avaliação da motilidade intestinal, foram utilizados os extratos de escapos e capítulos no solvente diclorometano e metanólicos (250mg/kg), um controle positivo (cloridrato de loperamida, 5mg/kg), controle negativo (solução fisiológica), controle do solvente (Tween 80 a 20% de metanol). Após 45 minutos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The family Eriocaulaceae is distributed over several parts of Brazil, are popularly known as "evergreen" because even after cutting and drying, retain their color and shape for many years. This work was to determine the biological potential of P. geniculatus, studying the activity antimicrobial, antioxidant and assess the motility of the extracts dichloromethanic, methanolic and hexanic. For activity determination as techniques were used antibacterial ágar diffusion and microdilution against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterium and yeasts. To determine the potential antioxidant spectrophotometric assays were performed: radical ABTS●+ , DPPH, determining the levels of phenolics and flavonoids, using standards as quercetin and gallic acid. In the diffusion technique , 100 mL of bacterial suspension concentration of 108 CFU/mL were seeded in Muller Hinton ágar and Sabouraud broth with Drigalski loop. Discs paper with 10 mm in diameter soaked with 25\L of vegetation samples were arranged on the surface of the plates. After incubation at 37 ° C for 24 hours under aerobic conditions were the readings of the inhibition of growth around the disks, measured in millimeters. In test microdilution holes of the microplate were filled with 80\L Muller Hinton broth , 100 mL of sample solutions of serially diluted plant 1000 to 7,81 \g/mL and 20\L of bacterial culture concentration of 107 cells/mL and 103 cells/mL for yeasts. The microplates were incubated at 37 ° C for 24 hours under aerobic conditions and subsequently became the technique of CBM and CFM. In the evaluation of intestinal motility, were used extracts of scapes and chapters in dichloromethane solvent and methanol (250mg/kg), a positive control (loperamide hydrochloride, 5mg/kg), negative control (saline solution), control of the solvent (Tween 80 to 20% methanol). After about 45 minutes the animals received a suspension activated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
19

Estudo da hidrólise da proteína de soja utilizando proteases de Chryseobacterium sp. para o uso como antioxidante em alimentos / Study of hydrolysis of soy protein using a protease produced by Chryseobacterium sp

Oliveira, Cibele Freitas de January 2011 (has links)
A demanda por antioxidantes naturais vem aumentando devido à toxicidade de alguns antioxidantes sintéticos. Estudos vêm identificando antioxidantes de origem natural, como a proteína da soja, que é capaz de contribuir na melhoria de propriedades funcionais e biológicas de alimentos. A hidrólise enzimática da proteína de soja aumenta sua atividade antioxidante, assim como a capacidade emulsificante e a capacidade de formação de espuma. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o estudo da hidrólise da proteína de soja através de uma protease produzida por Chryseobacterium sp., a verificação da capacidade antioxidante e aplicação do hidrolisado em diferentes tipos de carnes para evitar a oxidação lipídica. A eficácia da hidrólise foi determinada através da proteína solúvel utilizando o método de Folin enquanto que a atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pelos métodos referentes à captura do radical DPPH e ABTS. Os hidrolisados foram adicionados em carne de porco e peixe e foi verificada a inibição da oxidação lipídica. A influência de três parâmetros (temperatura, pH, relação enzima/substrato) na hidrólise foi estudada através um experimento fatorial 23 . Como respostas foram avaliadas a atividade antioxidante (DPPH e ABTS), atividade quelante de ferro, proteína solúvel, capacidade de formação de espuma e capacidade emulsificante. Observou-se um aumento na concentração de proteína solúvel em função do tempo, sendo que os hidrolisados foram capazes de inibir tanto o radical DPPH quanto o ABTS. Os hidrolisados inibiram em parte a oxidação lipídica em carne suína e peixe. Ainda foi possível concluir que dependendo da finalidade para que se deseja o hidrolisado, diferentes condições devem ser utilizadas. Os resultados demonstram uma potencial aplicação da protease microbiana para gerar hidrolisados antioxidantes da proteína de soja. / The demand for natural antioxidants has been increasing due to the toxicity of some synthetic antioxidants. Studies have identified naturally occurring antioxidants, such as soy protein, which can contribute to improve functional and biological properties of food. Enzymatic hydrolysis of soy protein increases its antioxidant activity, as well as emulsifying capacity and foaming capacity. The purpose of this work was to study the hydrolysis of soy protein, verifying the antioxidant capacity, application of the hydrolysate in different types of meat and optimization of hydrolysis. The efficiency of hydrolysis was determined by the soluble protein by the method of Folin while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the methods related to the capture of the radical DPPH and ABTS. The hydrolysates were added to pork and fish and the extent of lipid oxidation was determined by TBARS. In optimizing of the hydrolysis three parameters were varied (T, pH, enzyme substrate), it was applied to a surface response methodology for conducting trials using a 23 factorial experiment. As answers were evaluated antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), iron chelating activity, Lowry, foaming capacity and emulsifying capacity. There was an increase in soluble protein concentration versus time, and the hydrolysates were able to inhibit both the ABTS and the DPPH radical. The hydrolysates were able of inhibit lipid oxidation in pork and fish. Was still possible to conclude that depending on the finality that will be given to hydrolysates different treatment conditions should be used. The results demonstrate a significant potential for application of microbial protease to generate antioxidants of hydrolyzed soy protein.
20

Estudo da hidrólise da proteína de soja utilizando proteases de Chryseobacterium sp. para o uso como antioxidante em alimentos / Study of hydrolysis of soy protein using a protease produced by Chryseobacterium sp

Oliveira, Cibele Freitas de January 2011 (has links)
A demanda por antioxidantes naturais vem aumentando devido à toxicidade de alguns antioxidantes sintéticos. Estudos vêm identificando antioxidantes de origem natural, como a proteína da soja, que é capaz de contribuir na melhoria de propriedades funcionais e biológicas de alimentos. A hidrólise enzimática da proteína de soja aumenta sua atividade antioxidante, assim como a capacidade emulsificante e a capacidade de formação de espuma. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o estudo da hidrólise da proteína de soja através de uma protease produzida por Chryseobacterium sp., a verificação da capacidade antioxidante e aplicação do hidrolisado em diferentes tipos de carnes para evitar a oxidação lipídica. A eficácia da hidrólise foi determinada através da proteína solúvel utilizando o método de Folin enquanto que a atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pelos métodos referentes à captura do radical DPPH e ABTS. Os hidrolisados foram adicionados em carne de porco e peixe e foi verificada a inibição da oxidação lipídica. A influência de três parâmetros (temperatura, pH, relação enzima/substrato) na hidrólise foi estudada através um experimento fatorial 23 . Como respostas foram avaliadas a atividade antioxidante (DPPH e ABTS), atividade quelante de ferro, proteína solúvel, capacidade de formação de espuma e capacidade emulsificante. Observou-se um aumento na concentração de proteína solúvel em função do tempo, sendo que os hidrolisados foram capazes de inibir tanto o radical DPPH quanto o ABTS. Os hidrolisados inibiram em parte a oxidação lipídica em carne suína e peixe. Ainda foi possível concluir que dependendo da finalidade para que se deseja o hidrolisado, diferentes condições devem ser utilizadas. Os resultados demonstram uma potencial aplicação da protease microbiana para gerar hidrolisados antioxidantes da proteína de soja. / The demand for natural antioxidants has been increasing due to the toxicity of some synthetic antioxidants. Studies have identified naturally occurring antioxidants, such as soy protein, which can contribute to improve functional and biological properties of food. Enzymatic hydrolysis of soy protein increases its antioxidant activity, as well as emulsifying capacity and foaming capacity. The purpose of this work was to study the hydrolysis of soy protein, verifying the antioxidant capacity, application of the hydrolysate in different types of meat and optimization of hydrolysis. The efficiency of hydrolysis was determined by the soluble protein by the method of Folin while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the methods related to the capture of the radical DPPH and ABTS. The hydrolysates were added to pork and fish and the extent of lipid oxidation was determined by TBARS. In optimizing of the hydrolysis three parameters were varied (T, pH, enzyme substrate), it was applied to a surface response methodology for conducting trials using a 23 factorial experiment. As answers were evaluated antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), iron chelating activity, Lowry, foaming capacity and emulsifying capacity. There was an increase in soluble protein concentration versus time, and the hydrolysates were able to inhibit both the ABTS and the DPPH radical. The hydrolysates were able of inhibit lipid oxidation in pork and fish. Was still possible to conclude that depending on the finality that will be given to hydrolysates different treatment conditions should be used. The results demonstrate a significant potential for application of microbial protease to generate antioxidants of hydrolyzed soy protein.

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