Innomhuspositioneringssystem kan med fördel användas i många olika tillämpningar, allt från sjukhus till shoppingcenter. Denna rapport behandlar olika tekniker och lösningar för att designa ett positioneringssystem. Rapporten tar även upp i detalj hur ett system kan konstrueras av ZigBee kombinerat med dödräkning.

This thesis´ aim is to analyse the extension of the fuctionally separate entity approach  (FSEA) used in order to attribute a proper amount of profit to banks´ permanet establishment (PE) and the related implication in the authorised OECD approach (AOA). From a general perspective in fact, under the FSEA a PE is treated as being a separate entity from the head office, functions, assets, risks and funding shall be attributed as it was a separate legal entity. However, beyond the previous statement some general limitation of the FSEA and the particular nature of bank (and in general financial institutions) require a further reflection. Practically speaking: how far is the extension of this functional separate entity approach? Is it treatable as a complete separate company by itself? If not, how far is from the economic reality of the company? After a fisrt descriptive part, the author analysis the hybrid nature of the FSEA: acoording with his view traces of single entity approach are founded. However the hybrid nature of the FSEA is not per se a limitation but shall be considered as strength: the OECD´s approach grants a certain degree of flexibility and ability to adapt based on the context that on the other hand would have let the FSEA and the AOA be even more complicate.

No description available.

The first half of the Masters thesis is the result of a survey made on the behalf of the Swedish company KORDAB International AB. The survey includes an overview of different positioning systems and some wireless communication techniques available on the market today. Positioning systems discussed are GPS, DGPS, AGPS and GSM positioning. Mobile Internet connections through mobile phones and communication through radio modems are mentioned and described as examples of wireless communication techniques. Examples of techniques described are HSCSD, GPRS, UMTS and MOBITEX. KORDAB is in the starting blocks to implement a real time positioning feature into their own technical information system GEOSECMA. This survey will give them a base which will help them to decide on which system to use for this feature. The second half of the thesis includes parts concerning a prototype made to exemplify how KORDAB could implement the real time positioning feature into GEOSECMA. The NMEA 0183 protocol, reference systems and transformation are described to give the necessary background knowledge for the construction and functionality of the prototype. The prototype is a GPS-communicator made as an interface between a GPS-receiver and GEOSECMA and its functionality is also described in this second half of the thesis. Feasible applications are also discussed to show the possibilities real time positioning gives. One application discussed is “Zoom and Auto highlighting”. This application is designed to help user of GEOSECMA to zoom in the map and highlighting the nearest object at current location.

<p>The first half of the Masters thesis is the result of a survey made on the behalf of the Swedish company KORDAB International AB. The survey includes an overview of different positioning systems and some wireless communication techniques available on the market today. Positioning systems discussed are GPS, DGPS, AGPS and GSM positioning. Mobile Internet connections through mobile phones and communication through radio modems are mentioned and described as examples of wireless communication techniques. Examples of techniques described are HSCSD, GPRS, UMTS and MOBITEX. KORDAB is in the starting blocks to implement a real time positioning feature into their own technical information system GEOSECMA. This survey will give them a base which will help them to decide on which system to use for this feature. </p><p>The second half of the thesis includes parts concerning a prototype made to exemplify how KORDAB could implement the real time positioning feature into GEOSECMA. The NMEA 0183 protocol, reference systems and transformation are described to give the necessary background knowledge for the construction and functionality of the prototype. The prototype is a GPS-communicator made as an interface between a GPS-receiver and GEOSECMA and its functionality is also described in this second half of the thesis. Feasible applications are also discussed to show the possibilities real time positioning gives. One application discussed is “Zoom and Auto highlighting”. This application is designed to help user of GEOSECMA to zoom in the map and highlighting the nearest object at current location.</p>

No description available.

Magister Legum - LLM

Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa

The aim of this work was to create a module for home automation tools Home Assistant. The module is able to determine  which room is inhabited and estimate more accurate position of people inside the room. Known GPS location cannot be used for this purpose because it is inaccurate inside buildings and therefore one of the indoor location techniques needs to be used. Solution based on Bluetooth Low Energy wireless technology was chosen. The localization technique is the fingerprinting method, which is based on estimating the position according to the signal strength at any point in space, which are compared with a database of these points using machine learning. The system can be supplemented with motion sensors that ensure a quick response when entering the room. This system can be deployed within a house, apartment or small to medium-sized company to determine the position of people in the building and can serve as a very powerful element of home automation.

This thesis is concentrated on the Angle / Direction of Arrival (A/DOA) estimation and Beamforming techniques that can be used in the current and future engineering applications such as tracking of targets, wireless mobile communications, radar systems, etc. This thesis firstly investigates different types of AOA and beamforming techniques. A comprehensive comparison between the common AOA algorithms is performed to evaluate the estimation accuracy and illustrate the computational complexity of each algorithm. The effect of mutual coupling between the radiators and the impact of the position-error of the antenna elements on the estimation accuracy is also studied. Then, several new efficient AOA methods for current wireless localisation systems are proposed. The estimation accuracy and computational complexity are compared with well-known AOA methods over a wide range of scenarios. New methodologies for Covariance Matrix (CM) sampling are proposed to enhance and improve operational performance without increasing the computational burden. A new beamforming algorithm is proposed and implemented on a compact mm-Wave linear and planar antenna arrays to enhance the desired signal and suppress the interference sources in wireless communication systems. The issue of asset tracking in dense environments where the performance of the Global Positioning System (GPS) becomes unavailable or unreliable is addressed in the thesis as well. The proposed solution uses a low-profile array of sensors mounted on a finite conducting ground. A compact-size omnidirectional spiral sensor array of six electrically small dual-band antenna elements was designed to operate in the 402 and 837 MHz spectrum bands. For the lower band, a three-element superposition method is applied to support the estimated AOA whereas six sensors are considered for the higher band. An efficient and low complexity Projection Vector (PV) AOA method is proposed. An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation is integrated with the PV technique to enhance the estimation resolution. The system was found to be suitable for installation on top of vehicles to localise the position of assets. The proposed system was tested to track non-stationary objectives, and then two scenarios were investigated: outdoor to outdoor and outdoor to indoor environments using Wireless In-Site Software. The results confirm that the proposed tracking system works efficiently with a single snapshot. / Higher Commission for Education Development (HCED) in Iraq Basra Oil Company Ministry of Oil