Thus far, the novel Naked Lunch has not been discussed from the aspect of critical animal studies, nor has it been connected to the theories of Michel Foucault. This essay however, argues that these diverse fields could be connected through the use of the simians that are frequently employed in Naked Lunch. By analyzing the metaphorical role of the simian, the structure of the normalization process can be revealed. Therefore the simian’s metaphorical role becomes to reveal the different stages character goes through in that process and ultimately revealing its negative effects. They also prove to employ the role of abnormality which normalization wants to subtract from the human in order to render her docile. By applying the power mechanisms such as signals, the concept of panopticism and the theory of the docile body to specific passages where simians are highly prominent, the claim of this paper can be demonstrated. Besides Foucault, the theories of Robin Lydenberg are also used consistently throughout the essay due to her valuable observations such as the struggle between body and mind.

Denna rapport behandlar push-teknik, en teknik för att skicka data i realtid inom webbapplikationer. Många gånger i dagens mer interaktiva webb kan ett behov finnas av att behandla data på ett alternativt sätt. På grund av detta kändes det valda ämnet relevant inom ramen för webbutveckling. Syftet är att undersöka hur vida denna teknik skiljer sig mot andra tekniker för att transportera data. För att kunna undersöka push-tekniken har en applikation skapats med hjälp av ett ramverk för detta ändamål. Som ramverk för arbetet valdes APE som innehåller en komplett lösning för push-teknik på webben. Som underlag för rapporten utvecklades en spelapplikation samt en utvärdering av ramverket APE och ett antal prestandatester gjordes. / This study deals with push technology, a technology to send real-time data within web applications. Many times in today's more inter-active web an alternative way of processing data may be needed. Because of this, the topic seemed relevant in the context of web development. The aim is to examine how far this technique contrasts with other techniques to transport data. To investigate the push technology an application was created using a framework for this purpose. As a framework for the exercise the APE framework, containing a complete solution for push technology on the web, was chosen. As a basis for the report a gaming application was developed and a number of performance tests as well as an evaluation of the framework APE were made.

Apis mellifera Linnaeus (1758) è un insetto eusociale conosciuto in tutto il mondo sia per la produzione di miele sia per il suo ruolo di impollinatore, uno dei servizi ecosistemici fondamentali per la biodiversità del pianeta. Durante la sua attività di foraggiamento, l’ape è esposta agli inquinanti ambientali tra cui il particolato atmosferico aerodisperso (PM). Il particolato atmosferico può depositarsi sul corpo dell’insetto e infine contaminare anche i prodotti apistici come polline e miele. Il PM può avere diverse dimensioni (es. PM10, PM2.5, PM0.1), composizione chimica, morfologia e fonti di emissione (naturale o antropica). Nel presente elaborato di tesi, tecniche di microscopia elettronica a scansione (SEM-EDX) sono state utilizzate per caratterizzare la contaminazione da PM di origine antropica del corpo dell’ape e dei suoi prodotti (Capitolo 2 e Capitolo 3) e analisi molecolari per studiare gli eventuali effetti sub-letali sul microbiota intestinale di api esposte ai PM per via orale (Capitolo 4). / Apis mellifera Linnaeus (1758) order Hymenoptera family Apidae, is a eusocial insect widely known for its role in pollination, a fundamental ecosystem service for plant biodiversity and ultimately for the planet. During flight and foraging activity, the honey bee can collect airborne particulate matter (PM) on their own body, especially on the forewings, and can also contaminate bee products as pollen and honey. Particulate matter can originate from natural or anthropic sources, and is characterised by size (e.g., PM10, PM2.5, PM0.1), chemical composition, and morphology. In this thesis, honey bee, pollen and honey were used as bioindicator of PM – from coarse to ultrafine – in industrial areas of the Po Valley, Italy (Chapter 2 and Chapter 3). The (sub-lethal) effects of Titanium dioxide – a widespread airborne PM1 pollutant – on the honey bee through oral exposure was then investigated (Chapter 4). The technique used to analyse the PM contaminating bees and bee products is the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with X-ray spectrometer (EDX). EDX spectra allowed us to obtain chemical information from specimens, while backscattered-electron (BSE) imaging and elemental mapping provided both compositional and topographic information of PM.

Spectral karyotyping (SKY) is a widely used methodology to identify genetic aberrations. Multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization using chromosome painting probes in individual colors for all metaphase chromosomes at once is combined with a unique spectral measurement and analysis system to automatically classify normal and aberrant chromosomes. Based on countless studies and investigations in many laboratories worldwide, numerous new chromosome translocations and other aberrations have been identified in clinical and tumor cytogenetics. Thus, gene identification studies have been facilitated resulting in the dissection of tumor development and progression. For example, different translocation partners of the TEL/ETV6 transcription factor that is specially required for hematopoiesis within the bone marrow were identified. Also, the correct classification of complex karyotypes of solid tumors supports the prognostication of cancer patients. Important accomplishments for patients with genetic diseases, leukemias and lymphomas, mesenchymal tumors and solid cancers are summarized and exemplified. Furthermore, studies of disease mechanisms such as centromeric DNA breakage, DNA double strand break repair, telomere shortening and radiation-induced neoplastic transformation have been accompanied by SKY analyses. Besides the hybridization of human chromosomes, mouse karyotyping has also contributed to the comprehensive characterization of mouse models of human disease and for gene therapy studies. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

No description available.

Despite having being discovered nearly 80 years ago, bonobos (Pan paniscus) are still one of the least well understood of the great apes, largely remaining in the shadow of their better known cousins, the chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). This is especially evident in the domain of communication, with bonobo vocal behaviour still a neglected field of study, especially compared to that of chimpanzees. In this thesis, I address this issue by exploring the natural vocal communication of bonobos and its underlying cognition, focusing on the role that vocalisations play during two key contexts, food discovery and sex. In the context of food-discovery, I combine observational and experimental techniques to examine whether bonobos produce and understand vocalisations that convey meaningful information about the quality of food encountered by the caller. Results indicate that bonobos produce an array of vocalisations when finding food, and combine different food-associated calls together into sequences in a way that relates to perceived food quality. In a subsequent playback study, it was demonstrated that receivers are able to extract meaning about perceived food quality by attending to these calls and integrating information across call sequences. In the context of sexual interactions, I examine the acoustic structure of female copulation calls, as well as patterns in call usage, to explore how these signals are used by individuals. My results show that females emit copulation calls in similar ways with both male and female partners, suggesting that these signals have become partly divorced from a function in reproduction, to assume a greater social role. Overall, my results highlight the relevance of studying primate vocalisations to investigate the underlying cognition and suggest that vocalisations are important behavioural tools for bonobos to navigate their social and physical worlds.

L’objectif de la thèse est d’identifier la pertinence des modèles en équilibre général calculable (MEGC) pour analyser la problématique posée par les Accords de Partenariat Économique (APE) entre l’Union européenne et les pays ACP. Une revue de la littérature est d’abord réalisée, puis un modèle en équilibre général calculable (MEGC) à dynamique intertemporelle est construit pour analyser l’impact de l’APE sur un pays spécifique : le Ghana. À partir du constat portant sur la diversité des résultats de simulations, qui dépendent essentiellement de la structure du modèle et des modes de fermeture choisis par le modélisateur, ce travail cherche à mettre en évidence la largeur du faisceau de résultats possibles et l’impossibilité de mettre en avant les bénéfices potentiels qui peuvent être attendus d’un tel accord en s’appuyant simplement sur des MEGC néoclassiques standards. / This work aims to analyze to what extent the use of an applied general equilibrium model (AGE) allows to correctly assess the potential economic impact of EPAs between ACP countries and the European Union. First, a review of the literature is conducted and then an intertemporal dynamic AGE model is built in order to assess the potential impact of EPA on a specific country: Ghana. From the variety of results resulting from the models simulations and depending on hypothesis made on the model structure and the type of closure chosen by the modeler, our work aims to stress the risk of using standard neoclassical Walrasian models to assess the potential benefits of an EPA on ACP countries economy.

DANTAS, Jaylson Gonçalves. Avaliação do Programa de Ação Integrada para o Aposentado – PAI: o caso do Projeto Integrado de Preparação para a Aposentadoria-PIPA. 2013. 163f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas, Fortaleza (CE), 2013. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-06-11T14:37:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jgdantas.pdf: 626470 bytes, checksum: c7bf64f904af5272439feb43a4937a35 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-06-11T15:11:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jgdantas.pdf: 626470 bytes, checksum: c7bf64f904af5272439feb43a4937a35 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T15:11:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jgdantas.pdf: 626470 bytes, checksum: c7bf64f904af5272439feb43a4937a35 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / This research aims at investigate whether the Assistance Program for the Elderly - PAI, by way of the Integrated Program of Retirement Preparation - PIPA, both sponsored by the Government of the State of Ceará, has the essence of caring and encourage the elderly for a pleasurable and productive activity in the retirement, with actions that are not merely ludic and often "infantilize" these people, through games and activities, even embarrassing. This research adopted as empirical group, 36 (thirty six) subjects participating in the said program, who made themselves ready, after a prior authorization, to participate. It was used as a methodology the application of a questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions, which analyzed data allowed us to outline the socioeconomic profile of the individuals involved, as well as realize the scope of the objectives proposed by the program. In general, participants are satisfied with the program and the activities offered, revealing that the research objectives were achieved, since the research came across itself with a large number of servers that are confident to face the ghost of the inactivity. However, as it is a public policy for the welfare of this population group, it is important to emphasize that public demand, because it is not static, requires periodic evaluations. In the specific case of PIPA, arises the need for this study to be done in another conjuncture, considering that the creation and reformulation of laws issued by the State allow that a reality, today, may be different tomorrow. Therefore, the participants of PIPA are servers that are approaching the end of the period of service and may be reinserted into the economy by social programs, especially in this time of crisis in which the world passes, Brazil and state of Ceará, where the neoliberalism is increasingly present and governments feel the need to avoid fiscal deficits. / Este trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo geral investigar se o Programa de Assistência ao Idoso - PAI, por meio do Programa Integrado de Preparação para a Aposentadoria - PIPA, patrocinados pelo Governo do Estado do Ceará, tem como essência cuidar e incentivar o idoso para uma atividade prazerosa e produtiva na aposentadoria, por meio de ações que não sejam meramente lúdicas e que, muitas vezes "infantilizam" essas pessoas, através de brincadeiras e atividades até mesmo constrangedoras. Esta pesquisa adotou, como grupo empírico, uma amostra de 36 (trinta e seis) sujeitos participantes do citado programa, que se dispuseram, após uma prévia autorização, a participar. Utilizou-se como metodologia a aplicação de um questionário composto de perguntas abertas e fechadas, cujos dados analisados permitiram traçar o perfil socioeconômico dos sujeitos envolvidos, bem como perceber o alcance dos objetivos propostos pelo programa. De modo geral, os participantes, estão satisfeitos com o programa e com as atividades oferecidas, constatando-se que os objetivos da pesquisa foram alcançados, uma vez que a investigação deparou-se com um grande número de servidores que estão confiantes para enfrentar o fantasma da inatividade. Contudo, por se tratar de uma política pública voltada para o bem estar dessa faixa da população, é importante frisar que como demanda pública, pelo fato de não ser estática, requer avaliações periódicas. No caso específico do PIPA, surge a necessidade de que este estudo seja feito numa outra conjuntura, haja vista que a criação e reformulação de leis emanadas do Estado possibilitam uma realidade, hoje, que poderá ser diferente amanhã. Portanto, os participantes do PIPA são servidores que se aproximam do término do tempo de serviço e que poderão ser reinseridos na economia por vias de programas sociais, especialmente nesse momento de crise pelo qual passa o mundo, o Brasil e o Estado do Ceará, onde o neoliberalismo está cada vez mais presente e os governos sentem a necessidade de evitar seus déficits.

nÃo hà / Este trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo geral investigar se o Programa de AssistÃncia ao Idoso - PAI, por meio do Programa Integrado de PreparaÃÃo para a Aposentadoria - PIPA, patrocinados pelo Governo do Estado do CearÃ, tem como essÃncia cuidar e incentivar o idoso para uma atividade prazerosa e produtiva na aposentadoria, por meio de aÃÃes que nÃo sejam meramente lÃdicas e que, muitas vezes "infantilizam" essas pessoas, atravÃs de brincadeiras e atividades atà mesmo constrangedoras. Esta pesquisa adotou, como grupo empÃrico, uma amostra de 36 (trinta e seis) sujeitos participantes do citado programa, que se dispuseram, apÃs uma prÃvia autorizaÃÃo, a participar. Utilizou-se como metodologia a aplicaÃÃo de um questionÃrio composto de perguntas abertas e fechadas, cujos dados analisados permitiram traÃar o perfil socioeconÃmico dos sujeitos envolvidos, bem como perceber o alcance dos objetivos propostos pelo programa. De modo geral, os participantes, estÃo satisfeitos com o programa e com as atividades oferecidas, constatando-se que os objetivos da pesquisa foram alcanÃados, uma vez que a investigaÃÃo deparou-se com um grande nÃmero de servidores que estÃo confiantes para enfrentar o fantasma da inatividade. Contudo, por se tratar de uma polÃtica pÃblica voltada para o bem estar dessa faixa da populaÃÃo, à importante frisar que como demanda pÃblica, pelo fato de nÃo ser estÃtica, requer avaliaÃÃes periÃdicas. No caso especÃfico do PIPA, surge a necessidade de que este estudo seja feito numa outra conjuntura, haja vista que a criaÃÃo e reformulaÃÃo de leis emanadas do Estado possibilitam uma realidade, hoje, que poderà ser diferente amanhÃ. Portanto, os participantes do PIPA sÃo servidores que se aproximam do tÃrmino do tempo de serviÃo e que poderÃo ser reinseridos na economia por vias de programas sociais, especialmente nesse momento de crise pelo qual passa o mundo, o Brasil e o Estado do CearÃ, onde o neoliberalismo està cada vez mais presente e os governos sentem a necessidade de evitar seus dÃficits. / This research aims at investigate whether the Assistance Program for the Elderly - PAI, by way of the Integrated Program of Retirement Preparation - PIPA, both sponsored by the Government of the State of CearÃ, has the essence of caring and encourage the elderly for a pleasurable and productive activity in the retirement, with actions that are not merely ludic and often "infantilize" these people, through games and activities, even embarrassing. This research adopted as empirical group, 36 (thirty six) subjects participating in the said program, who made themselves ready, after a prior authorization, to participate. It was used as a methodology the application of a questionnaire consisting of open and closed questions, which analyzed data allowed us to outline the socioeconomic profile of the individuals involved, as well as realize the scope of the objectives proposed by the program. In general, participants are satisfied with the program and the activities offered, revealing that the research objectives were achieved, since the research came across itself with a large number of servers that are confident to face the ghost of the inactivity. However, as it is a public policy for the welfare of this population group, it is important to emphasize that public demand, because it is not static, requires periodic evaluations. In the specific case of PIPA, arises the need for this study to be done in another conjuncture, considering that the creation and reformulation of laws issued by the State allow that a reality, today, may be different tomorrow. Therefore, the participants of PIPA are servers that are approaching the end of the period of service and may be reinserted into the economy by social programs, especially in this time of crisis in which the world passes, Brazil and state of CearÃ, where the neoliberalism is increasingly present and governments feel the need to avoid fiscal deficits.

It is my belief that theatre is the telling of stories, and that playwrighting is the creation of those stories. Regardless of the underlying motives (to make the audience think, to make them feel, to offend them or to draw them in,) the core of the theatre world is the storyline. Some critics write of the importance of audience effect and audience reception; after all, a performance can only be so named if at least one person is there to witness it. So much of audience effect is based the storyline itself - that structure of which is created by the power characters have over others. Theatre generalists learn of Aristotle's well-made play structure. Playwrights quickly learn to distinguish between protagonists and antagonists. Actors are routinely taught physicalizations of creating "status" onstage. A plotline is driven by the power that people, circumstances, and even fate exercise over protagonists. Most audience members naturally sympathize with the underdog or victim in a given storyline, and so the submissive or oppressed character becomes (largely) the most integral. By what process, then, is this sense of oppression created in a play? How can oppression/victimization be analyzed with regard to character development? With emerging criticism suggesting that the concept of character is dying, what portrayals of victim have we seen in the late 20th century? What framework can we use to fully understand this complex concept? What are we to see in the future, and how will the concept evolve? In my attempt to answer these questions, I first analyze the definition of "victim" and what categories of victimization exist - the victim of a crime, for example, or the victim of psychological oppression. "Victim" is a word with an extraordinarily complex definition, and so for the purposes of this study, I focus entirely on social victimization - that is, oppression or harm inflicted on a character by their peers or society. I focus on three major elements of this sort of victimization: harm inflicted on a character by another (not by their own actions), harm inflicted despite struggle or protest, and a power or authority endowed on the victimizer by the victim. After defining these elements, I analyze the literary methods by which playwrights can represent or create victimization - blurred lines of authority, expressive text, and the creation of emotion through visual and auditory means. Once the concept of victim is defined and a framework established for viewing it in the theatre, I analyze the victimization of one of American theatre's most famous sufferers - Eugene O'Neill's Yank in The Hairy Ape. To best contextualize this character, I explore the theories of theatre in this time period - reflections of social struggles, the concept of hierarchy, and clearly drawn class lines. I also position The Hairy Ape in its immediate historical and theoretical time period, to understand if O'Neill created a reflection on or of his contemporaries. Finally, I look at the concept of victim through the nonrealistic and nonlinear plays of the 20th century - how it has changed, evolved, or even (as Eleanor Fuchs may suggest) died. I found that my previously established framework for "making victim" has change dramatically to apply to contemporary nonlinear theatre pieces. Through this study, I have found that the lines of victimization and authority are as blurred today in nonrealistic and nonlinear theatre as they were in the seemingly "black and white" dramas of the 1920s and 30s. In my research, I have found the very beginnings of an extraordinarily complex definition of "victim".