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The goal of this work is to introduce the phenomenon of compassion from the aspect of psychology. The theoretical part of the diploma thesis presents efforts made up to now to define compassion from a psychological point of view. The theoretical part of this work deals with the description of compassion in terms of evolutionary, social psychology and neuroscience. Based on the theoretical assumption that the relationship of a person towards himself or herself and towards other people is interconnected, this work also focuses on a description of a psychological construct of self-compassion. The empirical part of the diploma thesis is devoted to the translation of a new self-evaluation questionnaire called the Multidimensional Compassion Scale from USA, and the verification of the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire and its convergent and discriminant validity. For the sake of questionnaire verification, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) was used, as well as the Interpersonal reactivity Index (IRI), a dimension called Compassionate reaction to one's own experiences from the Self-compassion Scale (SCS-26-CZ) questionnaire, and a dimension called Nonjudging intrapsychic experiences from the Five Aspects of Mindfulness Questionnaire (DPAV). Items of low difficulty were found within...

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En la presente investigación se evaluarán el uso de las diatomitas de los yacimientos del departamento de Ica, Arequipa y Piura como material cementante suplementario (MCS) en el concreto de alta resistencia, en lugar de la microsilice, evaluándolo desde el punto de desempeño, económico y ecológico. la diatomita es uan roca silícica, sedimentaria de origen biogénico, compuesta por esqueletos fosilizados de las frústulas delas diatomeas. Se forma por la acumulación sedimentaria hasta formar grandes depósitos con un grosor suficiente para tener un potencial comercial. El 60% de la producción global de la diatomita es usada como filtro, principalmente en las bebidas como cerveza, vinos, etc. El 40% restante, se aplica como agente de carga en diferentes industrias, destacando la fabricación de pintura y plástico. Los yacimientos de mayor importancia comercial en Perú se localizan en el departamento de Ica, Arequipa, Ayacucho y Piura. El problema de los concretos de alta resistencia es que con el pasar de los años han presentado serios problemas de durabilidad y para contrarrestarlos se han invertido millones de dólares para sus respectivas reparaciones. Por ello, el interés de este trabajo en investigar acerca de un material puzolánico que brinde, aparte de altas resistencias a la compresión, mejores propiedades el concreto como la baja permeabilidad, el bajo calor de hidratación, entre otras. la reducción de la permeabilidad en el concreto reducirá de varias formas el deterioro del mismo, tales como la corrosión del acero de refuerzo y el ataque químico. Para afrontar este problema se dividió el trabajo en siete capítulos. En el primero, se muestra al introducción antecedentes, clasificación y ventajas de las puzolanas. El segundo, es acerca de las características de las diatomitas del departamento de Ica, Piura y Arequipa. El tercero, está dedicado a la caracterización de los materiales a emplear. En el cuarto, las dosificaciones de mezcla. En el quinto y sexto capítulo se muestran y analizan los resultados de los ensayos realizados en estado fresco y endurecido, respectivamente. En el último capítulo, se procede al análisis del estudio costo-beneficio del concreto. Como resultado se determinó que la diatomita del departamento de Ica y Arequipa sí es una buena alternativa como reemplazo al cemento en lugar de la microsílice, alcanzando resultados similares y satisfactorios; a diferencia de la diatomita del departamento de Piura que los resultados fueron muy deficientes.

Two mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) passed over the Houston Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) network on 31 October 2005 and 21 April 2006. As the MCSs traverse the LDAR network, the systems slowly mature with a weakening convective line and a developing stratiform region and radar bright band. The intensification of stratiform region precipitation, including the bright band, is thought to play an important role in stratiform lightning structure, charge structure, and total lightning production of MCSs. The stratiform areas quadruple in size and the mean reflectivity values increase substantially by ~ 6 dB. As the stratiform region matures, VHF source density plots show a lightning pathway that slopes rearward and downward from the back of the convective line and into the stratiform region. At early times for both MCSs, the pathway extends horizontally rearward 40 to 50 km into the stratiform region at an altitude of 9 to 12 km. Near the end of the analysis time period, the pathway slopes rearward 40 km and downward through the transition zone before extending 40 to 50 km in the stratiform region at an altitude of 4 - 7 km. The sloping pathway likely results from charged ice particles advected from the convective line by storm relative front-to-rear flow while the level pathway extending further into the stratiform region is likely caused by both charge advection and local in-situ charging. As the stratiform region matures, the stratiform flash rates double and lightning heights decrease. The percentage of lightning flashes originating in the stratiform region increases significantly from 10 - 20% to 50 - 60%. Overall, the number of positive cloud-to-ground flashes in the stratiform region also increases. Between both MCSs, 60% of the positive CGs originated in the convective or transition regions. Both in-situ charging mechanisms created by the development of the mesoscale updraft and charge advection by the front-to-rear flow likely contribute to the increased electrification and lightning in the stratiform region.

Two mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) passed over the Houston Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) network on 31 October 2005 and 21 April 2006. As the MCSs traverse the LDAR network, the systems slowly mature with a weakening convective line and a developing stratiform region and radar bright band. The intensification of stratiform region precipitation, including the bright band, is thought to play an important role in stratiform lightning structure, charge structure, and total lightning production of MCSs. The stratiform areas quadruple in size and the mean reflectivity values increase substantially by ~ 6 dB. As the stratiform region matures, VHF source density plots show a lightning pathway that slopes rearward and downward from the back of the convective line and into the stratiform region. At early times for both MCSs, the pathway extends horizontally rearward 40 to 50 km into the stratiform region at an altitude of 9 to 12 km. Near the end of the analysis time period, the pathway slopes rearward 40 km and downward through the transition zone before extending 40 to 50 km in the stratiform region at an altitude of 4 - 7 km. The sloping pathway likely results from charged ice particles advected from the convective line by storm relative front-to-rear flow while the level pathway extending further into the stratiform region is likely caused by both charge advection and local in-situ charging. As the stratiform region matures, the stratiform flash rates double and lightning heights decrease. The percentage of lightning flashes originating in the stratiform region increases significantly from 10 - 20% to 50 - 60%. Overall, the number of positive cloud-to-ground flashes in the stratiform region also increases. Between both MCSs, 60% of the positive CGs originated in the convective or transition regions. Both in-situ charging mechanisms created by the development of the mesoscale updraft and charge advection by the front-to-rear flow likely contribute to the increased electrification and lightning in the stratiform region.

Problem discussion: That empowerment and autonomy can lead to desirable effects on employees is clear. Previous research has found correlations between empowerment and e.g. motivation, job satisfaction, productivity, loyalty and commitment. However, a control problem arises when employees have more freedom in decision-making which could potentially lead to undesirable outcomes. It thus becomes a type of dilemma for management and managers where you have to try to balance a restrictive use of the control system (to maintain control) and an enabling use (to promote empowerment). Purpose: The purpose of this study is therefore to identify how a company can use its control system in order to achieve empowerment while maintaining acceptable levels of control. It also examines the effects that management uses have on the staff and the factors that contribute to their reactions towards the manner of use. Method: In order to collect the necessary and current empirical data adapted to the purpose of the study a qualitative approach has been taken including semi-structured interviews, observation and document review as collection methods. The data collection was carried out in the store that is the research site of this case study. Conclusions: Since the use of control systems is an elusive concept there are inevitably some disagreements in previous research relating to conceptualizing a framework for the mechanisms that can be included in a management control system. The study clarifies doubts about cultural controls, which can be used both constraining and enabling and also how the incentive system includes both rewards and punishments where you can also reward compliance of constraining mechanisms (e.g. rules and guidelines). When it comes to why the staff mostly experienced management’s use of the control system as a positive a closer examination of potential factors is made where interactivity appears to have a crucial role and can influence other parts of the system that might otherwise be perceived negatively. / Problemdiskussion: Att empowerment och autonomi kan leda till önskvärda effekter på personalen är tydligt. Tidigare forskning har funnit korrelation mellan empowerment och t.ex. motivation, arbetstillfredsställelse, produktivitet, lojalitet och engagemang. Emellertid uppstår ett kontrollproblem när anställda får större frihet i beslutsfattande vilket potentiellt kan leda till negativa konsekvenser. Det blir således en typ av dilemma för ledning och chefer där man måste försöka balansera ett begränsande användningssätt av styrsystemet (för att behålla kontroll) och ett möjliggörande användningssätt (för att främja empowerment). Syfte: Avsikten med den här studien är därför att kartlägga hur ett företag kan använda sitt styrsystem i syfte att uppnå empowerment men samtidigt behålla acceptabel kontroll. Dessutom undersöks de effekter som ledningens användningssätt har på personalen och vilka faktorer som bidrar till att de reagerar som de gör på användningssättet. Metod: För att samla in nödvändig och aktuell empirisk data som anpassats till studiens syfte har en kvalitativ utgångspunkt tagits med semistrukturerade intervjuer, observationer och dokumentgenomgång som insamlingsmetoder. Datainsamlingen genomfördes i butiken som är undersökningsplatsen för den här fallstudien. Slutsatser: Eftersom användning av styrsystem är ett svårfångat begrepp finns oundvikligen en del oenighet i tidigare forskning avseende att konceptualisera ett ramverk för vilka styrmekanismer ett system kan innefatta. Studien tydliggör tveksamheter kring kulturstyrningen, som kan användas både begränsande och möjliggörande, samt hur incitamentsystemet innehåller både belöningar och bestraffningar där man också kan belöna efterlevnad av begränsande mekanismer (t.ex. regler och riktlinjer). När det kommer till varför personalen mestadels upplever ledningens användning av styrsystemet som positiv undersöks potentiella faktorer närmare där interaktivitet ser ut att ha en avgörande roll och kan influera andra delar av systemet som annars kan uppfattas negativt.

This research is designed to develop and investigate newly defined problems: the Maximum Convex Sum (MCS), and its generalisation, the K-Maximum Convex Sum (K-MCS), in a two-dimensional (2D) array based on dynamic programming. The study centres on the concept of finding the most useful informative array portion as defined by different parameters involved in data, which is generically expressed in this thesis as the Maximum Sum Problem (MSP). This concept originates in the Maximum Sub-Array (MSA) problem, which relies on rectangular regions to find the informative array portion. From the above it follows that MSA and MCS belong to MSP. This research takes a new stand in using an alternative shape in the MSP context, which is the convex shape. Since 1977, there has been substantial research in the development of the Maximum Sub-Array (MSA) problem to find informative sub-array portions, running in the best possible time complexity. Conventionally the research norm has been to use the rectangular shape in the MSA framework without any investigation into an alternative shape for the MSP. Theoretically there are shapes that can improve the MSP outcome and their utility in applications; research has rarely discussed this. To advocate the use of a different shape in the MSP context requires rigorous investigation and also the creation of a platform to launch a new exploratory research area. This can then be developed further by considering the implications and practicality of the new approach. This thesis strives to open up a new research frontier based on using the convex shape in the MSP context. This research defines the new MCS problem in 2D; develops and evaluates algorithms that serve the MCS problem running in the best possible time complexity; incorporates techniques to advance the MCS algorithms; generalises the MCS problem to cover the K-Disjoint Maximum Convex Sums (K-DMCS) problem and the K-Overlapping Maximum Convex Sums (K-OMCS) problem; and eventually implements the MCS algorithmic framework using real data in an ecology application. Thus, this thesis provides a theoretical and practical framework that scientifically contributes to addressing some of the research gaps in the MSP and the new research path: the MCS problem. The MCS and K-MCS algorithmic models depart from using the rectangular shape as in MSA, and retain a time complexity that is within the best known time complexities of the MSA algorithms. Future in-depth studies on the Maximum Convex Sum (MCS) problem can advance the algorithms developed in this thesis and their time complexity.

Em dezembro de 2004, Chico Buarque lançou a hipótese de que o rap talvez representasse o fim da canção tal como a conhecemos: ou seja, aquela tradição que se caracteriza por um princípio formal melódico-entoativo que realiza esteticamente certa dinâmica de encontros culturais presentes na sociedade brasileira, e que foi incorporada a um projeto de modernização a partir da Bossa Nova. O objetivo desse trabalho é adentrar esse debate compreendendo o sentido mais amplo de seus termos, delimitando mais precisamente qual é essa tradição, o que a tornou possível, e o que se esgotou em sua forma. A partir desse reconhecimento inicial, iremos nos debruçar sobre aquele modelo estético que emerge a partir desse esgotamento, acompanhando detidamente aquela que é uma de suas mais bem realizadas elaborações - a produção do grupo paulistano Racionais MCs, verdadeiro acontecimento que modifica as coordenadas nas quais a música popular brasileira se reconhece. Os raps criados pelo grupo instauram um novo paradigma na canção , ao se vincular a um projeto civilizatório que rompe com certa tradição cordial brasileira, construindo um novo ponto de vista a partir da periferia. / In December 2004, Chico Buarque hypothesized that rap music might represent the end of the song \"as we know it\": that is, the end of a tradition characterized by a melodic formal principle that aesthetically performs a series of cultural encounters present in the Brazilian society, and that was also incorporated into a modernization project with the advent of Bossa Nova. The aim of this work is to enter such debate with a deep understanding of its terms, defining more precisely what that tradition is, what made it possible, and what has since been exhausted in its form. Based on this initial recognition, we will look into the aesthetic model that emerges from this exhaustion, closely analyzing what is one of its best elaborations: the production of São Paulo rap music group Racionais MCs, an event that changed the coordinates in which Brazilian popular music is recognized. The rap music created by the group set up a new paradigm for the concept of song in Brazil, by linking itself to a civilizing project that breaks with the Brazilian tradition of cordiality, building a new point of view based on the urban periphery.

Em dezembro de 2004, Chico Buarque lançou a hipótese de que o rap talvez representasse o fim da canção tal como a conhecemos: ou seja, aquela tradição que se caracteriza por um princípio formal melódico-entoativo que realiza esteticamente certa dinâmica de encontros culturais presentes na sociedade brasileira, e que foi incorporada a um projeto de modernização a partir da Bossa Nova. O objetivo desse trabalho é adentrar esse debate compreendendo o sentido mais amplo de seus termos, delimitando mais precisamente qual é essa tradição, o que a tornou possível, e o que se esgotou em sua forma. A partir desse reconhecimento inicial, iremos nos debruçar sobre aquele modelo estético que emerge a partir desse esgotamento, acompanhando detidamente aquela que é uma de suas mais bem realizadas elaborações - a produção do grupo paulistano Racionais MCs, verdadeiro acontecimento que modifica as coordenadas nas quais a música popular brasileira se reconhece. Os raps criados pelo grupo instauram um novo paradigma na canção , ao se vincular a um projeto civilizatório que rompe com certa tradição cordial brasileira, construindo um novo ponto de vista a partir da periferia. / In December 2004, Chico Buarque hypothesized that rap music might represent the end of the song \"as we know it\": that is, the end of a tradition characterized by a melodic formal principle that aesthetically performs a series of cultural encounters present in the Brazilian society, and that was also incorporated into a modernization project with the advent of Bossa Nova. The aim of this work is to enter such debate with a deep understanding of its terms, defining more precisely what that tradition is, what made it possible, and what has since been exhausted in its form. Based on this initial recognition, we will look into the aesthetic model that emerges from this exhaustion, closely analyzing what is one of its best elaborations: the production of São Paulo rap music group Racionais MCs, an event that changed the coordinates in which Brazilian popular music is recognized. The rap music created by the group set up a new paradigm for the concept of song in Brazil, by linking itself to a civilizing project that breaks with the Brazilian tradition of cordiality, building a new point of view based on the urban periphery.