Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of treatment of teeth with open apices managed by the orthograde placement of a bioceramic apical barrier as well as to identify potential outcome factors for this type of treatment. Methods: Patient records were pooled from graduate resident cases completed at Virginia Commonwealth University between January 1, 2010 and May 31, 2018. A total of 515 patients were identified using relevant ADA codes and a key word search within the patient record database. A total of 104 patients (119 teeth) had an open apex that had NSRCT utilizing a bioceramic apical barrier, with 32 of the patients (36 teeth) returning for follow-up. Results: Of the 36 examined teeth (30.8% recall rate),72% were considered healed. 92% were considered healed or healing. No predictive variable analyzed had a significant effect on the outcome. Conclusion: Overall, these results indicate that a bioceramic apical barrier technique is a promising treatment option for obturating teeth with open apices during NSRCT.

This study examined the use of phage therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14 biofilms. Part 1: 24 and 96h PA14 biofilms grown in microplates were phage treated and bacterial biomass was quantified using crystal violet staining. Part 2: 24 and 96h PA14 biofilms grown in prepared root canals of human mandibular incisors were treated with phages and intra-canal samples using paper points and round burs were taken to assess phage and bacterial counts. Part 1: Two phages (JBD4 and JBD44a) were used. Treatment with phages produced significant reduction in the mean percentage of biomass in 24h (p<0.05) and 96h (p=0.08) biofilms. Part 2: In 24 and 96h biofilms in a root canal model, no significant difference was found in colony forming units after phage treatment (p>0.05). Phage application significantly reduced the biomass of 24 and 96h PA14 biofilms grown on microplates, but did not in the extracted tooth models.

This study examined the use of phage therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14 biofilms. Part 1: 24 and 96h PA14 biofilms grown in microplates were phage treated and bacterial biomass was quantified using crystal violet staining. Part 2: 24 and 96h PA14 biofilms grown in prepared root canals of human mandibular incisors were treated with phages and intra-canal samples using paper points and round burs were taken to assess phage and bacterial counts. Part 1: Two phages (JBD4 and JBD44a) were used. Treatment with phages produced significant reduction in the mean percentage of biomass in 24h (p<0.05) and 96h (p=0.08) biofilms. Part 2: In 24 and 96h biofilms in a root canal model, no significant difference was found in colony forming units after phage treatment (p>0.05). Phage application significantly reduced the biomass of 24 and 96h PA14 biofilms grown on microplates, but did not in the extracted tooth models.

No description available.

The small intestinal mucosal apical hydrolases are essential to the terminal digestion of enteral nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats and phosphates, and non-immune defense. Weaning results in the complete replacement of fetal enterocytes with mature adult-type enterocytes and is typified by mucosal atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and compromised digestive and defensive functions. Given these severe physiological changes, we hypothesize that the major apical small intestinal hydrolases will be differentially expressed, allowing for reprogramming and adaptation, in the early-weaned piglet. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to examine changes in the digestive capacity, the catalytic kinetics, and abundances of protein and mRNA of the small intestinal hydrolases, including alkaline phosphatase (IAP), lactase phlorizin hydrolase (LPH), sucrase-isomaltase (SI), maltase-glucoamylase (MGA) and aminopeptidase N (APN), in the early-weaned pigs in comparison with suckling pigs. A total of 20 Yorkshire piglets, 10 suckling (SU) and 10 early-weaned (WN) with an average initial body weight of about 3 kg at the age of 10 d, were used in this study. Weanling piglets were fed a corn and soybean meal-based diet for 12 d. Proximal jejunal samples from both groups were collected. Hydrolase kinetic experiments were conducted using the substrates of lactose (0-75 mM), sucrose (0-75 mM), maltose (0-75 mM), amylose (0-100 mM), p-nitrophenyl phosphate (0-10 mM), and L-alanine-p-nitroanilide hydrochloride (0-16 mM). Abundances of the target gene hydrolase protein and mRNA were analyzed by Western blotting and quantitative real time reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively, using ß-actin as a control. Results from this study demonstrate that early weaning down-regulated (P < 0.05) the digestive capacity and expression of LPH while simultaneously increasing (P < 0.05) the digestive capacity and expression of SI and MGA. Furthermore, weaning decreased (P < 0.05) the digestive capacity and expression of APN and IAP by 35 and 50%, respectively. Thus, the early-weaning process differentially affected the expression of the apical membrane-bound hydrolases of the small intestine. The down-regulation of IAP highlights the reduced microbial detoxifying capacity of the newly weaned piglet and provides some insight into the cascade of immune related events that occur during the post-weaning transition period. The reduced expression of LPH and the simultaneous up-regulation of SI, maltase, and MGA indicate the unique nature of the small intestinal reprogramming that occurs during weaning. These results imply that the early weaning events help the small intestine adapt to the transition to starch digestion. Meanwhile, the down-regulation of the APN expression may be partially responsible for the reduced efficiency of whole body protein utilization, and the pervasive localized immune responses observed in the small intestine of early-weaned piglets. / Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada Discovery Program, and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA)-the University of Guelph Partnership Research Program.

No description available.

This study focused on the primary cell wall constituents and plasmodesmata (PD) density in three mosses and four liverwort apical cells (AC) and immediate derivatives. The three mosses have tetrahedral apical cells and the liverworts possess tetrahedral, hemidiscoid and lenticular AC geometries. The primary cell wall in the studied taxa is comprised of two layers. A fibrillar layer, which is the outer wall layer, contains compacted cellulosic fibrils, and represents the two adjacent primary walls and middle lamella, the latter of which is rarely discernible. An electron-lucent inner wall layer abuts the plasma membrane. This layer has faint fibrous materials that extend from the plasma membrane to the fibrillar layer. Generally, as the cell wall ages it thickens, the fibrillar layer increases in width while the electron-lucent wall stays more or less consistent in width. In the four liverworts, the most recent wall of the AC has the highest PD density in the apical region regardless of AC geometry. As the walls elongate, primary wall is laid down between PD, separating them and resulting in lower densities and wider PD diameters in older walls. The season of fixation and whether plants were studied from nature or culture have an influence on AC ultrastructure. A developmental study of Physcomitrella patents gametophores in four stages, bud, 2-leaved, 7-8-leaved and ~20-leaved, reveals that the primary cell wall constituents change slightly during development. Specifically, LM5 a RG-I pectin antibody against the galactan branch epitope is only localized in the fibrillar layer of young water-conducting cells in the 7-8-leaved and 20-leaved gametophores. LM20, an antibody against HG esterified pectins, does not localize in any of the cell walls during development. The distribution patterns for AGPs (JIM13 and LM2) are consistent during gametophore development and predominantly localize on the electron-lucent layer and wall/plasma membrane interface. However, LM2 is mainly localized on the fibrillar layer in 7-8-leaved cell walls. AGPs also localize on element of the cytoplasm. LM6, an antibody against an RG-I pectin with arabinan branch epitopes, also localizes AGPs and because it expressed similar distribution patterns as JIM13 and LM2 on the cell wall, it likely localizes AGP in Physcomitrella. In addition, LM6 localizes pectins on the fibrillar layer similar to LM5 and LM19 for HG unesterified pectins. Callose predominantly localizes at the PD neck region. This study provides the first documentation of changes in size and shape of AC with age in Physcomitrella patens gametophores. The PD densities of gametophytes examined in this study fall into the lineage-specific network of PD (LPD) group designated for sporophytes of monilophytes and Selaginella (heterosporous lycophyte) with single ACs. Takakia lepidozioides leafy shoot has a tetrahedral AC with a highly curved free surface. This peculiar moss has mucilage hair (MH) associated with axil of phyllids. Mucilage hair in both species are 3-celled with a forth epidermal cell as the base. However, occasional 2-celled MH is seen in T. ceratophylla. The ultrastructure of MH has similarities with other mosses and liverworts.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-07T13:22:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 tiago_jose_silva.pdf: 1811358 bytes, checksum: 1654fd6d60ba2571e51302a48d7407c9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-07T13:25:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 tiago_jose_silva.pdf: 1811358 bytes, checksum: 1654fd6d60ba2571e51302a48d7407c9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-07T13:25:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 tiago_jose_silva.pdf: 1811358 bytes, checksum: 1654fd6d60ba2571e51302a48d7407c9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-07T13:26:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 tiago_jose_silva.pdf: 1811358 bytes, checksum: 1654fd6d60ba2571e51302a48d7407c9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-07T13:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 tiago_jose_silva.pdf: 1811358 bytes, checksum: 1654fd6d60ba2571e51302a48d7407c9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / A produ??o biotecnol?gica de enzimas por fungos filamentosos requer o conhecimento das suas caracter?sticas de crescimento, fisiologia e metabolismo porque a compreens?o das respostas biol?gicas e nutricionais contribui para o ajuste dos bioprocessos. Neste trabalho foram analisados o crescimento apical e alguns par?metros bioqu?micos e fisiol?gicos da resposta das linhagens Aspergillus tubingensis AN1257 e Talaromyces trachyspermus T10.5 a fontes de carbono complexas indutoras de carboidrases. Foi utilizada uma abordagem polif?sica de identifica??o baseada em caracter?sticas fenot?picas e moleculares. As linhagens foram cultivadas em meio suplementado com glicose (controle), amido e carboximetilcelulose (CMC). O crescimento apical foi avaliado quanto aos eventos iniciais, hidrata??o, polariza??o e extens?o do tubo germinativo, bem como foi investigado o papel da via de PKC nestes processos. As linhagens diferiram quanto ao potencial de produ??o de carboidrases sendo o T. trachyspermus T10.5 o mais eficiente para a express?o de amilase. A produ??o de celulase foi verificada apenas em meio s?lido. Os eventos iniciais do crescimento apical de T. trachyspermus T10.5 foram atrasados pelos carboidratos polim?ricos em meio s?lido: ap?s 14h de cultivo a propor??o de con?dios apolares, polares e com tubo germinativo foi de 31,0 ? 5,7%; 34,0 ? 0,0% e 35,0 ? 5,7% (glicose) contra 40,0 ? 0,0%; 45,0 ? 0,8% e 14,0 ? 1,6% (amido) ou 90,0 ? 4,9%; 6,0 ? 1,6% e 4,0 ? 3,3% (CMC). A biomassa de T. trachyspermus T10.5 foi formada exponencialmente no per?odo de 24 a 48h em cultivo submerso e n?o foi diminu?da por nenhuma fonte de carbono. Nas culturas submersas, a fase exponencial de crescimento foi simult?nea ao consumo exponencial do substrato; o esgotamento das fontes de carbono precedeu o in?cio da fase estacion?ria; a atividade de ?-amilase (239,2 ? 11 U/min.mL) induzida por amido coincidiu com o crescimento exponencial, permaneceu est?vel durante a fase estacion?ria e foi reprimida por glicose. O crescimento apical de A. tubingensis AN1257 respondeu mais rapidamente ? fonte de carbono: 36,0 ? 4,3% dos con?dios cultivados em meio suplementado com glicose estavam polarizados ap?s 6h, contra 1,3 ? 0,9% (amido) e 2,7 ? 1,9% (CMC). A extens?o do tubo germinativo da linhagem AN1257 tamb?m foi atrasada e reduzida por amido e CMC. A forma??o de biomassa de A. tubingensis AN1257 nas culturas submersas foi fortemente reduzida por CMC, que apresentou um efeito tamponante no meio. Nas demais culturas submersas, o crescimento exponencial de A. tubingensis AN1257 ocorreu entre 0 a 24h (glicose) ou 12 a 24h (amido) coincidindo com forte acidifica??o do meio e consumo acentuado de substrato. O efeito da ativa??o de PKC foi distinto nas duas linhagens: a ativa??o dessa enzima n?o parece modular a germina??o em A tubingensis AN1257, mas inibe fortemente a germina??o de T. trachyspermus T10.5. Assim, as duas esp?cies apresentaram respostas diferentes ? fonte de carbono e ? ativa??o de PKC, com fisiologia, germina??o e crescimento apical peculiares, cuja compreens?o permitir? direcionar a aplica??o biotecnol?gica das linhagens AN1257 e T10.5 de forma mais eficiente. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncias Farmac?uticas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014. / ABSTRACT The biotechnological production of enzymes by filamentous fungi requires the knowledge of its characteristics of growth, physiology and metabolism because the comprehension of the biological and nutritional responses contributes to the adjustment of the bioprocesses. In this work, it were analyzed the apical growth, and some biochemical and physiological parameters of the response of the strains Aspergillus tubingensis AN1257 and Talaromyces trachyspermus T10.5 to complex carbon sources that induce carbohydrases. It was utilized a polyphasic approach of identification based on phenotypic and molecular characteristics. The strains were cultivated in media supplemented with glucose (control), starch and carboxy-methylcellulose (CMC). The apical growth was evaluated regarding the initial events, hydration, polarization and germtube extension, and the role of the PKC pathway in these processes was investigated as well. The strains differed according to their potential for carbohydrase production and T. trachyspermus T10.5 was the more efficient for amylase expression. Cellulase production was verified only in solid media. The initial events of T. trachyspermus T10.5 apical growth were delayed by the polymeric carbohydrates in solid media: after 14h of cultivation, the proportion of non-polar, polar and germtube-containing conidia was 31.0 ? 5.7%; 34.0 ? 0.0% and 35.0 ? 5.7% (glucose) versus 40.0 ? 0.0%; 45.0 ? 0.8% and 14.0 ? 1.6% (starch) or 90.0 ? 4.9%; 6.0 ? 1.6% and 4.0 ? 3.3% (CMC). The biomass of T. trachyspermus T10.5 was formed exponentially from 24 to 48h during submerged cultivation, and it was not decreased by any carbon source. In the submerged cultures, the exponential growth phase was simultaneous to the exponential consumption of the substrate; depletion of the carbon sources preceded the stationary phase; the ?-amylase activity (239.2 ? 11 U/min. mL) induced by starch coincided with the exponential growth, remained stable during the stationary phase and was repressed by glucose. A. tubingensis AN1257 apical growth responded more promptly to the carbon source: 36.0 ? 4.3% of the conidia cultivated in medium supplemented with glucose were polarized after 6h, versus 1.3 ? 0.9% (starch) and 2.7 ? 1.9% (CMC). Germtube extension by strain AN1257 was also delayed and reduced by starch and CMC. Biomass formation by A. tubingensis AN1257 in submerged cultures was strongly reduced by CMC, which presented a buffering effect in the medium. In other submerged cultures, the exponential growth of A. tubingensis AN1257 occurred from 0 to 24h (glucose) or 12 to 24h (starch), concomitant to a strong acidification of the medium and to intense substrate consumption. The effect of PKC activation was different in the two strains: activation of this enzyme does not seem to modulate germination in A. tubingensis AN1257, but it strongly inhibits T. trachyspermus T10.5 germination. Thus, the two species presented different responses to the carbon source and to PKC activation, with peculiar physiology, germination and apical growth, whose comprehension will allow direct the biotechnological application of strains AN1257 and T10.5 more efficiently.

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2018-01-15T11:45:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1448345 bytes, checksum: a83f2b152e3e1ed2e0720b2e5c9c54e9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-15T11:45:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1448345 bytes, checksum: a83f2b152e3e1ed2e0720b2e5c9c54e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / A organogênese de brotos a partir de raízes (rootsuckers) permite a propagação vegetativa daArabidopsis lyrata, o parente mais próximo daArabidopsis thaliana. Utilizando um sistema in vitro, o presente estudo objetivou compreender melhor a propagação vegetativa nessa espécie modelo A. lyrata, no que se refere ao desenvolvimento morfológico de suckers, à capacidade de propagação vegetativa em diferentes condições de crescimento in vitro e à identificação de genes potencialmente envolvidos na formação do meristema apical dos brotos.O surgimentodos suckers ocorreu após 30 dias, mais freqüentemente na região axilar das raízes laterais. Os cortes transversais das raízes mostraram uma estrutura primária típica diarca e após cerca de 25 dias, pode-se observar o crescimento secundário da raiz, como indicado pela formação do câmbio. Conclui-se que a emergência do sucker assemelha-se à iniciação das raízes laterais a partir do periciclo, tecido que dá origem ao câmbio vascular durante o crescimento secundário. Em relação às condições de crescimento in vitro, a força total no meio MS induziu o maior número de suckers por planta, seguido por alta concentração de sacarose (3%).Exposição à luz e privação de sacarose não são estritamente necessários para a formação de suckers. Nossos dados também revelaram que a auxina promove a formação dos brotos. Máximas de auxina vascular são necessários para desencadear a iniciação da raiz lateral, sugerindo que a formação de suckers promovida por auxina ocorre provavelmente por mecanismos semelhantes. A avaliação de diferentes genes relacionados a meristema apical, demonstram que o gene STM pode ser um marcador para distinguir as células responsáveis pela formação de suckers. Arabidopsis lyrata provou ser um excelente modelo para estudos de organogênese em raíz e posteriores estudos usando esse sistema de reproduçãopara detectar marcadores epigenéticos através das várias gerações de propagação clonal. / Shoot organogenesis from roots (root suckers) allows vegetative propagation of Arabidopsis lyrata, the closest relative of Arabidopsis thaliana, in addition to sexual propagation and is an important trait associated with the root system. Using an in vitro system, we aimed to better understand the vegetative propagation in the model species A. lyrata, in what regards the morphological development of root suckers, the ability of vegetative propagation in different in vitro growth conditions, and identifying genes potentially involved in the formation of the new shoot apical meristem.Root sucker appearanceoccurred after30 days,most frequently in the axils of lateral roots. Root cross-sections showed a typical diarch primary structure and after 25 days, secondary root growth could be observed, as indicated by formation of the cambium. According to our data,root sucker emergence resembles the initiation of lateral roots from the pericycle, the tissue that gives rise to the vascular cambium during secondary growth. Regarding the in vitro growth conditions, full strength of MS induced the highest number of root suckers per plant, followed 3% of sucrose. However, light exposure and sucrose deprivation are not strictly required for sucker formation. Our data also revealed that auxin promotes root suckering. Vascular auxin response maxima are required to trigger lateral root initiation, suggesting that auxin- promoted sucker formation likely occurs by similar mechanisms. The evaluation of different shoot apical meristem related genes, suggests that the STM gene can be a potential marker to identify cells responsible in driving sucker formation. Arabidopsis lyrata proved to be an excellent model for further studies using root suckers, for example to study epigenetic marks throughout generations of clonal propagation.

Submitted by Renata Oliveira Samuel null (re_samuel@hotmail.com) on 2016-05-09T13:56:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Doutorado Renata - 04-05-16.pdf: 2214962 bytes, checksum: b43400238a9850e49f42a7d10d876c58 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-12T17:47:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 samuel_ro_dr_araca.pdf: 2214962 bytes, checksum: b43400238a9850e49f42a7d10d876c58 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-12T17:47:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 samuel_ro_dr_araca.pdf: 2214962 bytes, checksum: b43400238a9850e49f42a7d10d876c58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi colaborar com o entendimento dos mecanismos que envolvem a relação entre as infeções de origem endodôntica e o estado de homeostasia corpórea. Para isso investigamos o perfil inflamatório local da periodontite apical induzida e relacionamos com alterações no perfil sistêmico em ratos portadores de uma ou múltiplas infecções de origem endodôntica. Foram utilizados 30 ratos da linhagem Wistar distribuídos em 3 grupos de 10 animais: ratos saudáveis; 1AP – ratos com infecção endodôntica em um elemento dentário; 4AP ratos com infecções endodônticas em 4 elementos dentários. Após 30 dias, foi coletado sangue por punção cardíaca para a realização do hemograma (hemácias, volume globular, hemoglobina, VCM, CHCM, leucócitos, neutrófilos, linfócito, monócito, eosinófilo, basófilo e plaquetas); da quantificação sérica das citocinas pró-inflamatórias (TNF-α, IFNγ, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23) por ELISA e da quantificação de óxido nítrico (NO). Após coleta sanguínea, os animais foram sacrificados, as maxilas e mandíbulas foram processadas para análise em microscopia de luz em coloração de H.E. e para marcação imunoistoquímica dos mediadores inflamatórios supracitados. Os resultados das diferentes análises e a relação entre os achados locais e sistêmicos foram analisados por testes estatísticos específicos para cada caso (p<0,05). Nas análises histológicas, foi confirmada a presença de periodontites apicais no 1AP e 4AP, com infiltrado inflamatório moderado. Além disso, foi observado aumento de todos os mediadores supracitados nas lesões quando comparado aos tecidos saudáveis (p<0.05). Nas análises séricas, foi observado aumento linfócitos, leucócitos, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17 e IL-23 no 4AP quando comparado aos ratos saudáveis (p<0.05). Além disso, houve diminuição do NO no 1AP e 4AP quando comparados aos ratos saudáveis (p<0.05). O nível de IFNγ não foi diferente entre os grupos (p>0.05). Conclui-se que a presença de periodontite apical em múltiplos elementos dentários pode levar a alterações séricas importantes decorrentes do aumento de linfócitos, leucócitos e das citocinas pró-inflamatórias TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17 e IL-23. Além disso, a periodontite apical em um ou em múltiplos elementos dentários leva a diminuição sérica dos metabólitos do NO. / The aim of this work will contribute to understanding of the mechanisms that involve the relationship between infections of endodontic origin and state of bodily homeostasis. Thus, we propose to investigate the profile of local inflammatory induced apical periodontitis and correlate with changes in the profile systemic model with a onlyl or multiple endodontic infections. It were used 30 Wistar rats divided into three groups of 10 animals each: healthy rats; 1AP - rats with only endodontic infection; 4AP rats with multiple endodontic infections. After 30 days, blood was collected by cardiac puncture for complete blood count (RBCs, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, leukocytes, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil and platelets), serum quantification of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-17, IL-23, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ) by ELISA and nitric oxide. After blood collection, the animals were killed, the jaws were processed for light microscopy in HE staining and immunohistochemical staining of inflammatory mediators above. The results of the different analyzes and the correlation between the local and systemic findings were analyzed by statistical tests specific to each case (p<0,05). Histological analysis confirmed the presence of apical periodontitis in 1AP and 4AP, with moderate inflammatory infiltrate. Furthermore, it was observed increase of all above mediators in lesions when compared to healthy tissue (p <0.05). In serum analysis, 4AP showed lymphocytes, leukocytes, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-23 increase when compared to healthy rats (p <0.05). Furthermore, there was a decrease of NO in 4AP and 1AP when compared to healthy rats (p <0.05). IFN-γ level was not different between the groups (p>0.05). It is concluded that the presence of apical periodontitis in multiple teeth can lead to significant alterations from increased serum lymphocytes, leukocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL- 17 and IL-23. Furthermore, apical periodontitis in only or multiple teeth leads to decrease of serum levels of NO. / FAPESP: 2013/23358-8