Tesis doctoral--Universidad de Navarra. / Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis provides new insight into how learned skilled movements are affected in a disease with basal ganglia damage, within what task demands these deficits can be detected, and how this detection can occur within the constraints of primary motor symptoms. Hence the purpose of this thesis was threefold. Firstly, the aim was to take a model-based approach to apraxia in PD, in order to determine the nature of the errors in reference to other populations that experience apraxia. Apraxia by definition cannot be the product of primary motor deficits, weakness, sensory loss, or lack of comprehension, therefore the second objective of the study was to detect apraxia while remaining true to these prerequisites. The third objective was to extend the examination of apraxia beyond the upper limbs, and investigate the relationship between upper limb and lower limb apraxia, as well as the relationship between freezing (which shares similarities with gait apraxia) and upper limb and lower apraxia. Overall, the most common pattern of apraxia identified in this PD group was impairment at both pantomime and imitation, suggesting issues with executive function. However, there are other results that suggest an issue with visuomotor transformation may be superimposed on this executive function deficit, including a higher frequency of participants impaired at imitation and a very pronounced impairment at meaningless gestures. To ensure that these deficits are not the product of primary motor symptoms, correlation analyses were conducted between gestural impairment and total motor impairment, cardinal symptom impairment, and degree of asymmetry of these symptoms. While there was a significant correlation of total motor severity and gestural impairment, there were no significant correlations between cardinal motor symptoms and total gestural impairment, or limb specific gestural impairment and the degree of motor asymmetry. These results indicate that the outward manifestation of primary motor symptoms does not necessarily correspond with gestural impairment, however the overall relationship (total UPDRS) hints to an indirect influence of the basal ganglia on healthy praxis. With regards to the third objective, the lower limb assessment turned out to be very consistent with the results yielded in the upper limb assessment. While there were similar frequencies of impairment in both pantomime and imitation, the upper limb and lower limbs assessments were found to correlate very strongly. This is a promising result, because the lower limb battery is easy to administer, there are typically less motor symptoms to deal with, and preliminary analyses show a high inter-rater reliability established. Furthermore, there was a higher proportion of freezers with apraxia compared to non-freezers, and this is the first study to reveal this. All these results taken together are evidence of similar underlying mechanisms for these impairments (upper limb apraxia, lower limb apraxia, and freezing). The model-based approach to studying apraxia in both the upper and lower limbs of PD, enables us to determine the frequencies, patterns and severities of apraxia, and better equips us to predict which systems are more susceptible to deterioration. This thesis project has hopefully created a framework for determining coping strategies and future interventions for apraxia, specifically in basal ganglia disordered populations.

Thesis (EdD)--Open University.

This thesis provides new insight into how learned skilled movements are affected in a disease with basal ganglia damage, within what task demands these deficits can be detected, and how this detection can occur within the constraints of primary motor symptoms. Hence the purpose of this thesis was threefold. Firstly, the aim was to take a model-based approach to apraxia in PD, in order to determine the nature of the errors in reference to other populations that experience apraxia. Apraxia by definition cannot be the product of primary motor deficits, weakness, sensory loss, or lack of comprehension, therefore the second objective of the study was to detect apraxia while remaining true to these prerequisites. The third objective was to extend the examination of apraxia beyond the upper limbs, and investigate the relationship between upper limb and lower limb apraxia, as well as the relationship between freezing (which shares similarities with gait apraxia) and upper limb and lower apraxia. Overall, the most common pattern of apraxia identified in this PD group was impairment at both pantomime and imitation, suggesting issues with executive function. However, there are other results that suggest an issue with visuomotor transformation may be superimposed on this executive function deficit, including a higher frequency of participants impaired at imitation and a very pronounced impairment at meaningless gestures. To ensure that these deficits are not the product of primary motor symptoms, correlation analyses were conducted between gestural impairment and total motor impairment, cardinal symptom impairment, and degree of asymmetry of these symptoms. While there was a significant correlation of total motor severity and gestural impairment, there were no significant correlations between cardinal motor symptoms and total gestural impairment, or limb specific gestural impairment and the degree of motor asymmetry. These results indicate that the outward manifestation of primary motor symptoms does not necessarily correspond with gestural impairment, however the overall relationship (total UPDRS) hints to an indirect influence of the basal ganglia on healthy praxis. With regards to the third objective, the lower limb assessment turned out to be very consistent with the results yielded in the upper limb assessment. While there were similar frequencies of impairment in both pantomime and imitation, the upper limb and lower limbs assessments were found to correlate very strongly. This is a promising result, because the lower limb battery is easy to administer, there are typically less motor symptoms to deal with, and preliminary analyses show a high inter-rater reliability established. Furthermore, there was a higher proportion of freezers with apraxia compared to non-freezers, and this is the first study to reveal this. All these results taken together are evidence of similar underlying mechanisms for these impairments (upper limb apraxia, lower limb apraxia, and freezing). The model-based approach to studying apraxia in both the upper and lower limbs of PD, enables us to determine the frequencies, patterns and severities of apraxia, and better equips us to predict which systems are more susceptible to deterioration. This thesis project has hopefully created a framework for determining coping strategies and future interventions for apraxia, specifically in basal ganglia disordered populations.

Thesis (MAppSc)--University of South Australia, 1998

Thesis (MAppSc)--University of South Australia, 1998

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 5, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 247-260).

Orientadores: Ivan Santo Barbosa, Edwiges Maria Machado / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-27T13:21:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_AnaMariaSoutode_M.pdf: 11067654 bytes, checksum: 8d08d3a843d5ce25d72d419c7120b06e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / Resumo: A ausência de bibliografia sobre atividades teatrais com afásicos motivou a busca de uma reflexão teórica capaz de subsidiar o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia voltada a este contexto. Foi nos servindo de pressupostos teórico-metodoiógicos do CCA que pensamos algumas questões relativas a produção de significação no exercício da linguagem. Assim, ao entendermos a atividade teatral como produtora de significação, a tomamos como constituída de uma trama de trocas simbólicas e de contextos, tal como ocorre nas diversas esferas da vida cotidiana. Nos limites de nossa Pesquisa, tratamos de pensar questões que julgamos relevantes para desenvolver urna metodologia de introdução a improvisação teatral. Conceitualmente, pensada como um exercício de linguagem, elegemos alguns aspectos envolvidos na produção de significação e na formação do sentido para delinear questões que vão aqui, subsidiadas por alguns episódios de nossa atividade / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Multimeios

Orientador: Maria Irma Hadler Coudry / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-24T11:45:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felizatti_Patricia_M.pdf: 3606489 bytes, checksum: 5f2bb3ef0d39cf6b810cc12502fafb16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1998 / Resumo: Esta dissertação destina-se ao estudo dos vários aspectos (localizacionistas, neurolingüísticos [fonético fonológicos], neuropsicológicos) que envolvem um caso clínico de disartria. Tal pesquisa integra-se ao projeto da área de Neurolingüistica do Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem (IEL), especificamente ao estudo da relação entre dificuldades ártricas e práxicas relacionadas com a produção da linguagem oral. Neste trabalho, descreverei um tipo específico de disartria, cuja etiologia é de natureza traumática (póstraumática). Incluirei em sua descrição o fato de a localização da lesão ser difusa e multifocal (comprometendo tanto o hemisfério direito quanto o hemisfério esquerdo). O sujeito em estudo (LC) apresentou, como uma das s~qüelas, a paralisia do palato posterior (palato mole), implicando a ausência de ação do músculo elevador do véu palatino, acarretando uma grave ressonância nasal na voz e aI teraçoes na emissão das consoantes, as quais requerem a oclusão da passagem nasal. Os tópicos relativos à produção verbal analisados nesta dissertação dizem respeito à velocidade de fala, aos parâmetros intonacionais, à duração dos segmentos fônicos, às alterações vocais e à inteligibilidade de sua comunicação oral. A relação entre a menor velocidade de fala e a maior duração dos segmentos pode ser verificada na análise experimental desta pesquisa teórico-clínica. No presente estudo, além de descrever e analisar o quadro seqüelar de LC, são apresentados e discutidos os princípios e procedimentos avaliativos e terapêuticos programados para ele durante seu seguimento longitudinal. No capítulo quatro, procedeu-se à análise dos sinais acústicos de segmentos da produção oral de LC, para estudo de velocidade de fala, de duração e de voz. No quinto capítulo, apresento os dados referentes aos padrões atuais do sujeito e as conclusões obtidas através deste estudo / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Linguística

La Dispraxia en nuestro país es un tema poco investigado, subdiagnosticado y frecuentemente considerado sólo como un problema menor, pese a que trae considerables consecuencias en la vida del niño que la padece. Según cifras internacionales afectaría a un 5 a 6 % de la población en edad escolar. La presente investigación evaluó el rendimiento de 57 niños en edad escolar, de entre 8 y 12 años, de un colegio mixto de nivel socio-económico alto de Santiago, en la Escala Motora de la Batería Neuropsicológica de Luria-Nebraska - Revisión Infantil, para determinar la prevalencia de “riesgo de dispraxia”. Se definió como tal cuando el rendimiento del niño supera 10 puntos en la suma de los puntajes en la Escala Motora de la batería. Se comparó el “riesgo de dispraxia” según grupo etáreo y sexo. El principal hallazgo fue un alto “riesgo de dispraxia” en la muestra estudiada. No hubo diferencias significativas por edad o sexo. La determinación de “riesgo de dispraxia” con esta batería es un tamizaje; para diagnosticar Dispraxia propiamente tal, se deben efectuar evaluaciones clínicas a cada niño. El abordaje de los niños dispráxicos o en riesgo de ello puede ser un importante campo laboral en Kinesiología. / The Dyspraxia in our country is a little-researched, under-diagnosed and often considered only a minor problem, although it brings considerable impact on the life of the child who suffers. According to international numbers affects 5-6% of school age population. This research evaluated the performance of 57 schoolchildren, aged 8 to 12 years, of a mixed school of high socioeconomic level of Santiago, in the Motor Scale Battery Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological - Child Review for determine the prevalence of "risk of dyspraxia". Was defined as such when the child's performance exceeds 10 points in the sum of the scores on the Motor Scale of the battery. We compared the "risk of dyspraxia" according to age group and sex. The main finding was a high "risk of dyspraxia" in the sample studied. There were no significant differences by age or sex. The determination of "risk of dyspraxia" with this battery is a screening, to diagnose dyspraxia itself, clinical evaluations must be made for each child. The approach to dyspraxic children at risk or it may be an important field of work in Kinesiology.