Yes / AHRC, University of Bradford and the Higher Education Innovation Fund.

No / Excavations at Old Scatness Volume 2: The Broch and Iron Age Village, is the second title in the series from the extensive excavation project carried out at Old Scatness, following on from the publication of the first volume in 2010. Perhaps the most complex archaeological excavation ever to have been carried out in Scotland, the Scatness project used cutting edge scientific techniques. The second volume examines the earliest phases of the archaeological remains. These start with the Neolithic remains but the focus of the volume is on the exceptionally well preserved Iron Age Broch and Village, dating between 400BC – AD400. - Publisher.

No / Croatia has a unique geographical and historical position within Europe, bridging central and south-east Europe. From the Pannonian Plain to the southern Adriatic maritime landscape, interconnectedness flows through Croatia's history. This dynamic past is increasingly being reflected upon by a new and exciting generation of Croatian scholars who are firmly embedded within a strong national tradition of archaeology but who also look outward to draw insights into the nature of material culture they encounter in Croatia and Croatian identity itself. Croatia at the Crossroads (24-25 June, Europe House, London) provided the opportunity to reflect upon such interconnectedness and Croatia's historic place within Europe. This event typified the desire of Croatian archaeologists to engage with such matters on an international level and to situate their scholarship within broader regional dynamics. Following the foundation of the new Croatian state, the opportunities for new forms of engagement have grown. This has stimulated thinking regarding both approaches to archaeology and the potential cultural cross-fertilisation that has resulted in Croatia's rich archaeological and historical record. This has led to in new, exciting understandings of archaeological material, and this was revealed in contributions to the Croatia at the Crossroads conference. The papers published here arise from the exceptionally interesting presentations and discussions held in London at the conference. Each of them takes Croatia's particular interconnectedness in terms of social and cultural relationships with the wider region as the starting point for exploring issues across a broad chronological range, from human origins to modernity. Within this, contributors pick up on a variety of different fields of interconnectedness and forms of interaction including biological, cultural, religious, military, trade, craft and maritime relationships. In many ways, these papers represent opening conversations that explore ways of thinking about new and established data sets that are entering Croatian scholarship for the first time. They also act as a set of complementary discussions that transcend traditional period and national boundaries. We hope that by bringing them together the volume will provide an insight into current trends in Croatian archaeology and stimulate fruitful discussions regarding future directions.

This thesis is an analysis and synthesis of the geologic and archaeological history of the Dickie Carr site, 41PR26, on Mill Creek in north central Texas. Included are analyses of the stratigraphy, sedimentary environments, and soils of the locality. A regional comparison is made with respect to the Late Quaternary geology of the upper Trinity River basin, Texas to interpret the geologic data. Two stratigraphic units were identified that record the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. The buried lower unit is comprised of terrace, floodplain, and channel deposits with extensive pedogenesis. The unit is Late Pleistocene in age and contains the remains of Mammuthus columbi. The upper stratigraphic unit is comprised of terrace and floodplain sediments with well-expressed pedogenesis. The unit is Early Holocene in age with Late Paleoindian and Late Archaic occupations. The archaeological components are compared and contrasted with documented sites from the Elm and East Forks of the Trinity River. The occupations are examined in a geoarchaeological context. The Late Paleoindian occupation is post-depositional and located in terrace deposits. The Late Archaic occupation is syndepositional and located in floodplain deposits.

O presente trabalho busca refletir sobre a importância de uma abordagem interdisciplinar na Arqueologia, em especial acerca do papel do Turismo como disciplina útil e interessante para fomentar uma reflexão sobre projetos que visem a uma Arqueologia descolonizante e cumpridora de seu papel social. Neste estudo, outras duas disciplinas se mostram importantes, a saber, a Antropologia e a Museologia. A partir de exemplos internacionais que propiciam elementos para incrementar o debate sobre como o Turismo Arqueológico vem sendo pensado em outras realidades, realiza-se aqui uma breve análise acerca de atrativos arqueológicos nacionais desenvolvidos para o Turismo Convencional brasileiro. Essas discussões permeiam três estudos de caso em que o Turismo inserido em projetos de Arqueologia foi propulsor de reflexões sobre os bens patrimoniais, dando ensejo a possibilidades de sustentabilidade e inclusão social para as comunidades envolvidas / The present work aims to ponder on the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in Archaeology, in particular on the role of Tourism as an useful e interesting discipline to stimulate reflections about projects with the aim of a decolonizing Archaeology which is aware of its social role. In the study carried out in this thesis other two disciplines are important, namely Anthropology e Museology. From international examples that provide elements to instigate a debate over how Archaeological Tourism has been understood in other realities, here is presented a brief analysis of archaeological attractions developed for the national archaeological Conventional Tourism in Brazil. These discussions permeate three case studies in which Tourism, inserted in archaeological projects spurred reflections about patrimonial property, creating opportunities of sustainability e social inclusion for the communities involved

O presente trabalho busca refletir sobre a importância de uma abordagem interdisciplinar na Arqueologia, em especial acerca do papel do Turismo como disciplina útil e interessante para fomentar uma reflexão sobre projetos que visem a uma Arqueologia descolonizante e cumpridora de seu papel social. Neste estudo, outras duas disciplinas se mostram importantes, a saber, a Antropologia e a Museologia. A partir de exemplos internacionais que propiciam elementos para incrementar o debate sobre como o Turismo Arqueológico vem sendo pensado em outras realidades, realiza-se aqui uma breve análise acerca de atrativos arqueológicos nacionais desenvolvidos para o Turismo Convencional brasileiro. Essas discussões permeiam três estudos de caso em que o Turismo inserido em projetos de Arqueologia foi propulsor de reflexões sobre os bens patrimoniais, dando ensejo a possibilidades de sustentabilidade e inclusão social para as comunidades envolvidas / The present work aims to ponder on the importance of an interdisciplinary approach in Archaeology, in particular on the role of Tourism as an useful e interesting discipline to stimulate reflections about projects with the aim of a decolonizing Archaeology which is aware of its social role. In the study carried out in this thesis other two disciplines are important, namely Anthropology e Museology. From international examples that provide elements to instigate a debate over how Archaeological Tourism has been understood in other realities, here is presented a brief analysis of archaeological attractions developed for the national archaeological Conventional Tourism in Brazil. These discussions permeate three case studies in which Tourism, inserted in archaeological projects spurred reflections about patrimonial property, creating opportunities of sustainability e social inclusion for the communities involved

Faculty of Humanities; School of Geography and Environmental Studies; PhD Thesis / The issues surrounding the nature and timing of the relations between users of the Zhizo and Leopard’s Kopje ceramic styles in the area of the Shashi-Limpopo confluence from AD 900 to 1300 are addressed. The results of archaeological investigations at five sites in the region are presented, as are the results of a re-analysis of the ceramic and radiocarbon material from the site Schroda. These results demonstrate that Leopard’s Kopje, Zhizo and Zhizo-derived ceramics co-occur in the region between around AD 1000 and 1200. These two ceramic styles are proposed to be the ceramic expressions of two separate, interacting, ethnic groups. It is proposed that interaction between these ethnic groups led, in part, to the development of more complex social and political institutions. The ceramic style called Zhizo is shown to change after around AD 1000 in reaction to this interaction. Zhizo ceramics after AD 1000 represent a new phase and facies of the Nkope Branch of the Urewe Tradition. This ceramic style is named “Leokwe” after the site at which it was identified, Leokwe Hill. The class-based social system in the area is hypothesised to have been the product of a prestige goods system. This prestige goods system involved the use of aggressive prestation whereby new social, economic, and political dependencies were created outside the traditional exchange system. The prestige goods system penetrated only to the upper tiers of society. Inclusion within this system, and thus within the new elite class, was not limited by ethnicity, and segments of both the Leokwe and Leopard’s Kopje ethnic groups participated within it. This new exchange system is proposed to have undermined the traditional exchange system, thereby encouraging a process of secularisation whereby exotic trade goods may have been seen as wealth items that potentially supplanted other, more traditional, exchange media. The continuing social and political status of Leokwe peoples after the Leopard’s Kopje entry into the region is posited to have been based upon the role of Leokwe ancestors as the owners of the land. The differential intra-site settlement patterns observed within the region, involving the removal of the central cattle byre from key centres, including Leokwe Hill, K2, and Mapungubwe Hill, are proposed to signal a rejection by Leopard’s Kopje elites of the traditional exchange system and its social, political, and religious underpinnings. This removal reflected a rejection of Leokwe peoples’ source of political standing and ritual authority. This shift is first seen at Leokwe Hill after around the mid-12th century AD. The implementation of the settlement pattern shift is proposed to mark a system of ethnic stratification which subordinated Leokwe peoples to Leopard’s Kopje elites; this shift paved the way for the submergence of the Leokwe style and the end of their ethnic identity in the region.

No description available.

Outlined here is a course that would serve as an introduction to archaeological science, specifically within the context of Aegean Prehistory. The main objective of this course is to expose students early in their archaeological careers to a variety of methods and questions, and to depart from the culture-historical perspective that typifies introductory survey courses. The class structure is equal parts lecture and discussion, moving between learning how the methods work and evaluating case studies. All graded assignments build on one another, guiding the students through designing their own research project. The ultimate goals of the assignments are to build key writing and professional skills, develop a basic understanding of research design, and to instill confidence that the student can contribute to the production of knowledge, whatever field he or she decides to pursue.

This thesis sets out to explore, describe, quantify, and visualise uncertainty in a cultural informatics context, with a focus on archaeological reconstructions. For quite some time, archaeologists and heritage experts have been criticising the often toorealistic appearance of three-dimensional reconstructions. They have been highlighting one of the unique features of archaeology: the information we have on our heritage will always be incomplete. This incompleteness should be reflected in digitised reconstructions of the past. This criticism is the driving force behind this thesis. The research examines archaeological theory and inferential process and provides insight into computer visualisation. It describes how these two areas, of archaeology and computer graphics, have formed a useful, but often tumultuous, relationship through the years. By examining the uncertainty background of disciplines such as GIS, medicine, and law, the thesis postulates that archaeological visualisation, in order to mature, must move towards archaeological knowledge visualisation. Three sequential areas are proposed through this thesis for the initial exploration of archaeological uncertainty: identification, quantification and modelling. The main contributions of the thesis lie in those three areas. Firstly, through the innovative design, distribution, and analysis of a questionnaire, the thesis identifies the importance of uncertainty in archaeological interpretation and discovers potential preferences among different evidence types. Secondly, the thesis uniquely analyses and evaluates, in relation to archaeological uncertainty, three different belief quantification models. The varying ways that these mathematical models work, are also evaluated through simulated experiments. Comparison of results indicates significant convergence between the models. Thirdly, a novel approach to archaeological uncertainty and evidence conflict visualisation is presented, influenced by information visualisation schemes. Lastly, suggestions for future semantic extensions to this research are presented through the design and development of new plugins to a search engine.