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Scales of relevance and the importance of ambiguityCroucher, Karina 17 September 2021 (has links)
Yes / AHRC, University of Bradford and the Higher Education Innovation Fund.
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The evolution of competition and cooperation in Fijian prehistory: Archaeological research in the Sigatoka Valley, FijiField, Julie S. 12 1900 (has links)
This dissertation explores the emergence and consequences of competitive and cooperative strategies in Fijian prehistory. The Sigatoka Valley, located in southwestern Viti Levu, is the subject of a series of geographical, environmental, and archaeological analyses. Using GIS-based analyses, the effects of environmental fluctuations on agricultural productivity (i.e., the EI Nino Southern Oscillation [ENSO], and also the transition between the Little Climatic Optimum [LCO] and Little Ice Age [LIA]) are reconstructed and used to predict zones of low-yields and episodic shortfalls. These results indicate that the Sigatoka Valley was both spatially and temporally variable in terms of agricultural productivity and predictability. In the context of an evolutionary ecology-based model of competition and cooperation, this environment encouraged the development of conflict and defensive habitation strategies between human groups. The results of environmental analyses are also compared to the archaeological record, and used to determine the presence of three modes of habitation/subsistence: territorial strongholds, remote refuges, and agricultural production sites. Archaeological testing of these classes in tandem with GIS-based environmental research indicate that the Sigatoka Valley was initially occupied between Cal BC 20 - Cal AD 80, in association with dense and predictable resources. Fortifications that utilized natural topography, and also remote refuges, were established ca. AD 700, and remained in use throughout the prehistoric period. Environmental refuges associated with the effects of the LCO/LIA transition were established ca. AD 1300-1500. Constructed fortifications that utilized an annular ditch, and which were located in the valley bottom, appeared ca. AD 1700 - 1850. The chronology of habitation/subsistence strategies is also compared to landtenure and archaeological data (e.g., land-holdings of yavusa, and also evidence for unique artifacts and valley-wide exchange). These data suggest particular historical trajectories in the Sigatoka delta and highlands, and also varying frequencies of competition and cooperation in prehistory. In sum, this dissertation identifies interaction between humans and their environment as the fundamental relationship that conditioned change in prehistoric Fiji.
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Architecture in ruinsViljoen, Clayton 06 December 2010 (has links)
This dissertation investigates the relationship of the Fortifications in Pretoria to the public. The architectural problem of making the public aware of these Fortifications is investigated and responded to by designing a Visitors centre, to draw the public to the Fort, by creating an experience of moving through the landscape. This experience orientates the visitor visually towards various other iconic monuments, by symbolically turning the visitor into a camera, capturing views and experiences for himself. The program also provides facilities for Archaeological research which will be done on various other Fortification ruins and archaeological sites in Pretoria. The visitors experience and interaction with the landscape and the vision of the Fort as artefact contributes to the visitors being made aware of the gradual deterioration of the Fortifications in the city to ruins. The Fortifications themselves are monumental ruins, but by adding to them yet still respecting their heritage qualities, makes this a sensitive and respectful response to an important problem of how to preserve historical artefacts and at the same time utilising them. West Fort will become the catalyst for public awareness and experience to the other Fortifications within the city context. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted
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Beyond human: The materiality of personhoodCasella, E., Croucher, Karina January 2011 (has links)
No / Archaeological research has been influenced by feminist thought and critique for
decades. In the early 1990s, new narratives began to be written about the past.
Starting with a search for women and gendered identities in our prehistories, these
have developed into a new way of understanding the relationships between people,
objects and animals, both in the past and in the present. Archaeological research
has been concerned with the relationships between the ‘human’ and the ‘other’ for a
number of decades, whether they involve nonhuman animals, objects we use and
create, or attitudes to the landscape and environment. The nonhuman, in other
words, is central to our work. We hope in this piece to demonstrate the contribution
archaeological insights could make to feminist theorising about the
nonhuman.
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Landscape archaeogeophysics : a study of magnetometer surveys from Etowah (9BW1), the George C. Davis site (41CE19), and the Hill Farm site (41BW169)Walker, Chester Phil 08 November 2011 (has links)
Archaeogeophysics, the use of eophysical mapping techniques to recover archaeological information, is being used with increasing success in North America. Archaeologists can often use geophysics as a tool for collecting data suitable for direct archaeological interpretation (Kvamme 2003). In some cases, geophysics can be used to map entire archaeological landscapes providing an image of the site that is not easily achievable through the use of traditional archaeological excavations. This dissertation uses archaeogeophysical data from three prehistoric sites to gain insights into their layout and community organization as well as explore the possibilities and potentials of using broad scale geophysical surveys in North American archaeological research. / text
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TEMPORAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MEAN SHERD THICKNESS IN SAN FRANCISCO MOUNTAIN GRAY WAREMcCormick, Carmen Amanda McCane January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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A Arqueologia como instrumento de preservação do patrimônio arquitetônico : a "restauração do quarteirão dos trapiches" de Laranjeiras-SE / Archaeology as a tool for the preservation of architectural heritage : the restoration of the "quarteirão dos trapiches" in Laranjeiras-SECosta, Tatiane de Carvalho 23 August 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The purpose of this research is to investigate and to demonstrate the interface of archaeology
in restoration interventions in the preexisting architectural heritage. In this context, the
restoration of the “Quarteirão dos Trapiches” or Trapiches Block, a current university
campus of the Federal University of Sergipe, carried out by the Programa Monumenta in the
city of Laranjeiras/Se will be examined. The interaction between archaeology and restoration
started in Brasil in the 1960’s with the beginning of Historic Archaeology research, and in the
international context, since the first half of the 20th century through the recommendations of
the international heritage charters, which followed international meetings of experts in
cultural conservation and restoration. The main research aims are: 1) to identify the
fundamental aspects of the restoration theories and their interface with the archaeological
research; 2) To investigate the archaeological praxis in the preexisting architectural heritage
and its contribution for the restoration project; and 3), to reveal institutional aspects which
settle postures and practices referred to archaeology and for the preservation of the
architectural heritage. / O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é investigar e demonstrar a interface da arqueologia em
intervenções restaurativas na preexistência arquitetônica de valor patrimonial. Para tanto será
examinada a “Restauração do Quarteirão dos Trapiches”, atual Campus da Universidade
Federal de Sergipe, executada pelo Programa Monumenta na cidade de Laranjeiras/SE. A
interação entre arqueologia e restauração se materializou no Brasil na década de 1960 com o
início das pesquisas em Arqueologia Histórica e é proclamada no contexto internacional
desde a primeira metade do século XX com as recomendações das Cartas Patrimoniais,
resultantes de sucessivos encontros internacionais de especialistas no campo da preservação
do patrimônio cultural. Desta forma estão delineados os seguintes objetivos específicos: 1)
Identificar os aspectos fundamentais da Teoria da Restauração e sua interface com a pesquisa
arqueológica; 2) Investigar as práticas arqueológicas na preexistência arquitetônica e sua
contribuição para o projeto de restauração; e 3) Revelar os aspectos institucionais que
regulamentam posturas e práticas referentes à arqueologia e à preservação do patrimônio
arquitetônico.
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Orð Víkinganna. The level and scale of literacy in the Viking World : The cases of Birka and Sigtuna. / Orð Víkinganna. Läs - och skrivkunnighet (literacy) i vikingarnas värld : En fallstudie baserad på det arkeologiska materialet i de vikingatida städerna Birka och SigtunaZacharopoulos, Themistoklis January 2021 (has links)
This thesis aims to study the level and scale of literacy as it expanded in Viking towns during the 8th-12th century. In order to get an understanding of this spread, I have worked with two case-studies of Viking towns, as they were founded and prospered during and by the end of the Viking Age in Sweden; the town of Birka located in Björkö Island in Lake Mälaren, and the town of Sigtuna located in the province of Uppland, in central Sweden. Through the study of selected archaeological material, this paper aims to bring together scattered information and shed light on what we know about the level and spread of literacy in Viking society. The purpose of this endeavour, is to question not only the notion of an illiterate pagan society that the Viking Age Scandinavians are considered to have been, but also question both the methodology in which the scholarly archaeological community studies literacy, as well as the way literacy itself is defined in the study of the ancient world. The paper includes a bibliographic and a material-studying approach, as well as a section where digital archaeological research methods are used with Geographical Information Systems (GIS) software in order to illustrate the level and scale of literary expansion in Viking Age Sweden. / <p>The proceedings of the Thesis defence were undertaken in the form of a web meeting via Zoom, in accordance to the local restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic.</p>
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Arqueologia, museologia e conservação: documentação e gerenciamento da coleção proveniente do Sítio Santa Bárbara (Pelotas-RS)Leal, Ana Paula da Rosa 22 April 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / A presente pesquisa busca refletir sobre a importância da documentação e do gerenciamento de informações como encadeamentos da musealização de acervos arqueológicos. Para isso travou-se um diálogo entre as áreas de interesse - arqueologia, Museologia e Conservação -, entendendo-as como disciplinas que devem atuar conjuntamente na preservação do patrimônio arqueológico. No Brasil a não interação entre essas áreas, somada à falta de normatização na documentação dessa tipologia de acervo, vem trazendo danos à sua preservação. A preocupação com essa temática resultou neste estudo de caso, que tem como foco principal a análise da coleção do sítio Santa Bárbara (Pelotas-RS), escavada e salvaguardada pela equipe do Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Investigação Arqueológica (Lâmina) da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPEL). Com isso, buscou-se observar as ações das três áreas durante essa empreitada, acompanhando-as por meio das suas documentações e de seus mecanismos de gerenciamento da informação, visando propor como produto, um modelo de documentação e gerenciamento aplicável à referida coleção. / This research seeks to reflect on the importance of documentation and management information as linkage of archaeological collection’s muzealization. This was initiated with a dialogue between the areas of interest - archeology, museology and conservation - understanding them as disciplines that must work together for the preservation of the archaeological heritage. In Brazil, no interaction between these areas, coupled with the lack of standardization in the documentation of this type of library, is bringing harm to their preservation. Concern over this issue resulted in this case study, which focuses mainly on the analysis of the collection site Santa Barbara (Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), excavated and protected by the Lâmina Laboratory (Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Archaeological Research) University of Pelotas’s team. Thus, we attempted to observe the actions of the three areas during this endeavor, following them through their documentation and their mechanisms of information management, aiming to propose as a product, a model of documentation and management applicable to that collection.
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