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Darbo tikslas – išnagrinėti Stakliškių miestelio istorijos raidą XVII–XX a. pirmojoje pusėje. Iki šiol Stakliškių miestelio istorijos kompleksinio tyrimo nebuvo atlikta. Nors vieni ar kiti tyrinėtojai užfiksavo svarbesnius miestelio raidos įvykius, tačiau nuoseklaus vientiso tyrimo neatliko. Todėl ši priežastis paskatino autorę imtis tokio tyrimo. Autorės atrasti nauji, netyrinėti archyviniai šaltiniai svariai papildys turimą informaciją apie Stakliškes. Jie į mokslinę apyvartą įtraukiami pirmą kartą. Visuomenine prasme aktuali tema: auga visuomenės susidomėjimas Stakliškių miestelio istorija, jo paveldu. Ši priežastis paskatino parengti nuoseklią Stakliškių miestelio istorijos studiją. Subjektyvus-asmeninis noras detaliau pažinti gimtojo krašto istoriją, su ja supažindinti miestelio bendruomenę ir moksleivius. Šiuo metu naujoje švietimo koncepcijoje yra akcentuojama, kad mokyklose istorijos mokymą reikia pradėti nuo lokalinės istorijos (savo gatvės, kaimo/miesto, rajono) mokymo ir pereiti prie valstybės istorijos pažinimo. Tačiau dėl informacijos apie gimtąjį kraštą trūkumo, daugeliu atvejų tai neįmanoma padaryti. Todėl autorė siekė užpildyti Stakliškių miestelio istorijos tyrimų spragą. / The subject of this work for the Master of Science is the history of the Town of Stakliskes during the 17th Century through the first half of 20th Century. The work consists of introduction, 3 chapters with sections, conclusion, listings of abbreviations, sources and bibliography, as well as the enclosures. This kind of job structure was influenced by the chronological-problematic job research principal. The author discussing the historic development of the Town of Stakliskes, by distinguishing its most important stages, describing the stages of its religions heritage, and identifying its population’s demographic, social-economic, religious and cultural-public work during that historic period. Therefore the historic development of the events are outlined in the first chapter of this work, together with explanation of the most important factors (the origin of the estate and the church in Stakliskes). The second chapter talks about the history of the church in Stakliskes, its architectural style and the preservation of artistic and historic values. In the third chapter of this work the author analyzes the population situation and its social work during the 17th Century through the first half of 20th Century. This work is enriched with the enclosures, which include statistic tables with the population census in the 19th Century, created by the author. Also included are a variety of the church archival documents, which are exposed for the first time. Finally, there are... [to full text]

Les représentations architecturales que nous donne à voir la glyptique du Proche-Orient ancien constituent une source primordiale d’informations sur l’art de bâtir dans cette région du IVe au Ier millénaire av. J.-C.,car les édifices, généralement en briques crue, sont la plupart du temps mal conservés. Le but de cette recherche est donc de recenser tous les motifs architecturaux présents sur sceaux ou sur empreintes et de les réunir dans un corpus qui sert de base à une vaste exploration de l’architecture mésopotamienne à travers son iconographie, les bâtiments trouvés en fouille, les formes du pouvoir qu’ils manifestent et l’ethnographie. Notre réflexion s’articulera autour de trois axes. D’une part, nous mènerons une étude analytique consistant à décomposer chaque façade pour évaluer la fiabilité des éléments iconographiques dont elle se compose (ouvertures, décors muraux, toits, etc.) et déterminer s’ils reflètent une réalité architecturale. Cette analyse est fondée sur des comparaisons avec des représentations attestées sur d’autres supports (plaquettes,tablettes, bas-reliefs, maquettes, etc.), mais aussi avec des vestiges architecturaux découverts en fouille et des exemples d’architecture traditionnelle. D’autre part, nous recomposons chaque façade pour établir une typologie formelle, confronter les figurations glyptiques à l’architecture réelle et définir dans quelle mesure nous pourrions les exploiter pour restituer certains monuments, tout ou partie (au moins l’une des élévations,la forme du toit, etc.), mis au jour sur des sites archéologiques. Enfin, face aux lacunes et aux incertitudes concernant la fonction de certains monuments antiques (civile, religieuse ou militaire), les sceaux et les empreintes sur argile, en grand nombre pour certaines périodes, sont susceptibles de nous fournir des éléments de réponse. Ce travail de recherche comprend trois tomes :Tome 1, Texte - Tome 2, Façades iconographiques accompagnées de leur fiche analytique, le tout gravé sur un CD-ROM- Tome 3, Planches. / The architectural features that we can observe in the Near Eastern glyptic constitute an essential source of information on the art of building in this region from the 4th to the 1st millennium BC; because the buildings,usually build in mud brick, are most of the time poorly preserved. The purpose of this research is therefore,to identify all the architectural patterns present on cylinder-seals or on seal impressions and to bring them together in a corpus which will serve as the basis for a broad exploration of the Mesopotamian architecture through its iconography, the buildings found during excavations, the forms of power that they manifested,and the ethnography. Our reflection will revolve around three axes. On the one hand, we will conduct ananalytical study by decomposing each facade in order to assess the reliability of the iconographic elements from which they are composed (openings, wall decorations, roofs, etc.) and determine if they reflect an architectural reality. This analysis is based on comparisons with representations attested on other media (plaques, tablets, reliefs, scale-models, etc.), but also with architectural remains discovered during excavations and examples taken from traditional architecture. On the other hand, we put together each facade to establish a formal typology, confront glyptic representations with actual architecture and define to what extent; we could exploit these results to restore certain monuments, in whole or in part (at least one of the elevations, the shape of the roof, etc.) discovered on archaeological sites. Lastly, in the face of the gaps and the uncertainties concerning the function of some ancient monuments (civil, religious or military), cylinder-seals and seal impressions on clay, found in large numbers for certain periods, are likely to provide us with some answers. This research work consists of three volumes: Volume 1, Text – Volume 2, Iconographicfacades accompanied by their fact sheets (on CD-ROM) – Volume 3, Plates.

This doctoral thesis examines the office environment’s influence on employees’ perception oftheir workplaces, their organizations and their job satisfaction, as well as their health and wellbeing.It is based on an empirical study of 491 office employees from twenty-six companies anddivisions in large companies. Seven office types, defined by their architectural and functionalfeatures, are represented in the study group: cell-office, shared-room office, small open planoffice, medium-sized open plan office, large open plan office, flex-office and combi-office. Theresearch has its basis in architecture, although an interdisciplinary approach using organizationaland management theory, environmental psychology, and social and stress medicine has beenemployed. Qualitative (Articles I &amp; V) and quantitative methods(Articles II &amp; IV) were used.The thesis also contains an explorative, review article. Thus it comprises all in all five articles.Article I is an analysis of the importance of architectural quality for employees´ perceptionand experience of the office using Lynch’s method (1960) developed to measure inhabitants’perception of architectural quality in cities. The study shows that in the office the experienceto a high degree is independent of both the scale of the office and office type; instead it isdetermined by the quality of the plan layout combined with the quality of other design features.It also shows Lynch’s method to be useful in foreseeing where the elements that reinforce‘imageability’ will most likely appear in an office environment.Article II investigates employees’ environmental satisfaction focusing on:1) ambient factors; 2) noise and privacy; and 3) design-related factors. The results, based onregression models with age, gender, job rank and line of business as additional covariates,show office type as a factor with a statistically significant impact on satisfaction with the officeenvironment. Employees in cell-offices are prominently most satisfied, followed by those inflex-offices, cell-offices rate low only on social aspects of design-related factors. A major findingis the internal differences between office types where employees share workspace and facilitieswith lowest satisfaction in medium-sized and large open plan offices.Article III is a review article that analyzes the employees’ office experiences in two ways:1) by framing the physical work environment’s influence on employees into the model oforganizational theorist Davis (1994); and 2) by categorizing the office experience into twogroups based on the nature of the experience and problems related to them. The results of theemperical study presented in Article II are the basis for the discussion in this article.Article IV examines employees’ health, well-being and job satisfaction. A multivariateanalysis applied to the study sample and equivalent to that of Article II shows significantly higherrisks for ill health and poor well-being in medium-sized and small open plan offices, comparedespecially with cell-office. In medium-sized open plan and combi-offices the employees evincethe lowest job satisfaction. The best chance for good health status and job satisfaction is in cellofficesand flex-offices.Article V examines the office architecture´s importance for employees’ perception of theirown workplaces and organizations based on the two key components of architecture—theaesthetical and functional dimensions. The results show that overall the employees had positiveexperiences of their office environments. These mainly concerned the aesthetical dimension,whereas the negative comments dealt with the functional dimension. The aesthetical dimensionappears not only to set the agenda for employees’ perception of the workplace and organizationas a whole, but also for the perception of the functional dimensions. The functional dimensionswere only in focus when the workstation and its proximate area were discussed. / <p>QC 20100908</p>

<p>The present thesis investigates environmental factors impact on office employees. More specifically, it investigates: 1) perception and experience of office environments, 2) satisfaction with office environments, and 3) health status and job satisfaction in connection to office environment. It is based on an empirical study with 491 office employees from twenty-six companies and divisions in larger companies. Each one respectively represents one of seven identified office-types in office design: cell-office, sharedroom office, small open plan office, medium open plan office, large open plan office, flex-office and combi-office. This study takes its basis in architecture, although an interdisciplinary approach from organizational and management theory, environmental psychology, and social and stress medicine has been used. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used.</p><p> In Article I a review of the different research fields that investigate environmental influences are presented with a focus on office environments. Different perspectives on the environmental impact on office employees are investigated.</p><p>In Article II an analysis of office environment based on the employee’s perception and experience of the architecture is done based on in-depth interviews using a method originally developed by Kevin Lynch (1960). The method measures the "imagebility" of a space, rated by the users with following elements: landmark, node, path, edge and district. The result showed that the method, based on employees’ perception and use of space, is a possible tool in the design process to get a better understanding of where the elements that reinforce "imageability" most likely will appear in an office environment. The method thus gives a better idea of the future "imageability" of a space and could be useful as guidance in the design process of how the architectural design will be received by the users in the end.</p><p>In Article III employees’ satisfaction with the office environment in different office-types is investigated. The article focuses on three domains: 1) Ambient factors, 2) Noise and Privacy and 3) Designrelated factors. The statistical analysis was done using a logistic regression model with multivariate analysis. Adjustment was done for: age, gender, job rank, job satisfaction and market division. The results show differences in satisfaction with the office environment between employees in different office-types, many of which were statistically significant. When differences persist in the multivariate analysis they can possibly be ascribed to the office-type. Results show that employees in cell-offices are prominently most satisfied followed by those in flex-offices. Cell-offices rate only low on social aspects of Design-related factors. A major finding is internal differences between different office-types where employees share workspace and facilities. The medium and large open plan offices could be described as high-risk officetypes.</p><p>In Article IV differences between employees in different office-types with regard to health, wellbeing and job satisfaction are analyzed. A multivariate analysis of the data was done with adjustment for the confounders: age, gender, job rank and market division. The results show that there are risks of ill health and poor well-being in medium and small open plan offices. Employees in these office-types show significantly higher risks compared with those in other office-types. In medium open plan and combioffices the employees show the highest prevalence of low job satisfaction. The best chance for good health status and job satisfaction is among employees in cell-offices and flex-offices; there are, however, internal differences in distribution on different outcome variables for job satisfaction. The major finding of these studies is that there are significant differences with regard to satisfaction with office environments as well as health status and job satisfaction between employees in different office-types; differences that can possibly can be ascribed to the office-types as they persist after adjustment for important confounders.</p>

The present thesis investigates environmental factors impact on office employees. More specifically, it investigates: 1) perception and experience of office environments, 2) satisfaction with office environments, and 3) health status and job satisfaction in connection to office environment. It is based on an empirical study with 491 office employees from twenty-six companies and divisions in larger companies. Each one respectively represents one of seven identified office-types in office design: cell-office, sharedroom office, small open plan office, medium open plan office, large open plan office, flex-office and combi-office. This study takes its basis in architecture, although an interdisciplinary approach from organizational and management theory, environmental psychology, and social and stress medicine has been used. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used. In Article I a review of the different research fields that investigate environmental influences are presented with a focus on office environments. Different perspectives on the environmental impact on office employees are investigated. In Article II an analysis of office environment based on the employee’s perception and experience of the architecture is done based on in-depth interviews using a method originally developed by Kevin Lynch (1960). The method measures the "imagebility" of a space, rated by the users with following elements: landmark, node, path, edge and district. The result showed that the method, based on employees’ perception and use of space, is a possible tool in the design process to get a better understanding of where the elements that reinforce "imageability" most likely will appear in an office environment. The method thus gives a better idea of the future "imageability" of a space and could be useful as guidance in the design process of how the architectural design will be received by the users in the end. In Article III employees’ satisfaction with the office environment in different office-types is investigated. The article focuses on three domains: 1) Ambient factors, 2) Noise and Privacy and 3) Designrelated factors. The statistical analysis was done using a logistic regression model with multivariate analysis. Adjustment was done for: age, gender, job rank, job satisfaction and market division. The results show differences in satisfaction with the office environment between employees in different office-types, many of which were statistically significant. When differences persist in the multivariate analysis they can possibly be ascribed to the office-type. Results show that employees in cell-offices are prominently most satisfied followed by those in flex-offices. Cell-offices rate only low on social aspects of Design-related factors. A major finding is internal differences between different office-types where employees share workspace and facilities. The medium and large open plan offices could be described as high-risk officetypes. In Article IV differences between employees in different office-types with regard to health, wellbeing and job satisfaction are analyzed. A multivariate analysis of the data was done with adjustment for the confounders: age, gender, job rank and market division. The results show that there are risks of ill health and poor well-being in medium and small open plan offices. Employees in these office-types show significantly higher risks compared with those in other office-types. In medium open plan and combioffices the employees show the highest prevalence of low job satisfaction. The best chance for good health status and job satisfaction is among employees in cell-offices and flex-offices; there are, however, internal differences in distribution on different outcome variables for job satisfaction. The major finding of these studies is that there are significant differences with regard to satisfaction with office environments as well as health status and job satisfaction between employees in different office-types; differences that can possibly can be ascribed to the office-types as they persist after adjustment for important confounders. / QC 20101126